CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
2019 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4FWJ-8595-WP25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-18 12:30 – Updated: 2025-07-21 18:50Mattermost versions 10.5.x <= 10.5.7, 9.11.x <= 9.11.16 fail to negotiate a new token when accepting the invite which allows a user that intercepts both invite and password to send synchronization payloads to the server that originally created the invite via the REST API.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.5.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.11.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.11.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.0-20250612074655-8f8612c63783"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6227"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-21T18:50:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-18T12:15:23Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 10.5.x \u003c= 10.5.7, 9.11.x \u003c= 9.11.16 fail to negotiate a new token when accepting the invite which allows a user that intercepts both invite and password to send synchronization payloads to the server that originally created the invite via the REST API.",
"id": "GHSA-4fwj-8595-wp25",
"modified": "2025-07-21T18:50:07Z",
"published": "2025-07-18T12:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6227"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/fbf105f6ef8f6cd5a89f859f09a2d1216cd81c05"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost has Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
}
GHSA-4G2F-J53W-6JFC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-15 09:30 – Updated: 2024-02-15 09:30The database access credentials configured during installation are stored in a special table, and are encrypted with a shared key, same among all Comarch ERP XL client installations. This could allow an attacker with access to that table to retrieve plain text passwords.
This issue affects ERP XL: from 2020.2.2 through 2023.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4538"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-15T09:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The database access credentials configured during installation are stored in a special table, and are encrypted with a shared key, same among all Comarch ERP XL client installations. This could allow an attacker with access to that table to retrieve plain text passwords.\n\nThis issue affects ERP XL: from 2020.2.2 through 2023.2.",
"id": "GHSA-4g2f-j53w-6jfc",
"modified": "2024-02-15T09:30:36Z",
"published": "2024-02-15T09:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2024/02/CVE-2023-4537"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2024/02/CVE-2023-4537"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4GCX-6FPV-7PW9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:12Teradici PCoIP Management Console 20.01.0 and 19.11.1 is vulnerable to unauthenticated password resets via login/resetadminpassword of the default admin account. This vulnerability only exists when the default admin account is not disabled. It is fixed in 20.01.1 and 19.11.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-25T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Teradici PCoIP Management Console 20.01.0 and 19.11.1 is vulnerable to unauthenticated password resets via login/resetadminpassword of the default admin account. This vulnerability only exists when the default admin account is not disabled. It is fixed in 20.01.1 and 19.11.2.",
"id": "GHSA-4gcx-6fpv-7pw9",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:12:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:12:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://healdb.tech/blog.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://help.teradici.com/s/article/3729"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4GW6-969C-665W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-13 03:31 – Updated: 2026-09-09 18:31A security bypass vulnerability in the Account Protection feature of Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Browser enables a user to bypass intended security controls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0289"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T03:16:43Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A security bypass vulnerability in the Account Protection feature of Palo Alto Networks Prisma\u00ae Browser enables\u00a0a user to bypass intended security controls.",
"id": "GHSA-4gw6-969c-665w",
"modified": "2026-09-09T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2026-08-13T03:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0289"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4H2R-5VFH-9Q54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-09 00:01HCL VersionVault Express exposes administrator credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-30T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "HCL VersionVault Express exposes administrator credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-4h2r-5vfh-9q54",
"modified": "2022-09-09T00:01:00Z",
"published": "2022-08-31T00:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0100150"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4H3W-RHV9-C9XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33IBM Security Guardium EcoSystem 10.5 stores user credentials in plain in clear text which can be read by a local user. IBM X-Force ID: 141223.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1498"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-02T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Security Guardium EcoSystem 10.5 stores user credentials in plain in clear text which can be read by a local user. IBM X-Force ID: 141223.",
"id": "GHSA-4h3w-rhv9-c9xx",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:33:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1498"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/141223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10730317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041763"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4H8X-XVQQ-F78F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-13 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30Under some circumstances an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Johnson Controls Metasys ADS/ADX/OAS 10 versions prior to 10.1.6 and 11 versions prior to 11.0.3 allows API calls to expose credentials in plain text.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36204"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-13T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Under some circumstances an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Johnson Controls Metasys ADS/ADX/OAS 10 versions prior to 10.1.6 and 11 versions prior to 11.0.3 allows API calls to expose credentials in plain text.",
"id": "GHSA-4h8x-xvqq-f78f",
"modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-01-13T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-23-012-06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/cyber-solutions/security-advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4JHH-WMHX-R4J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35The Estil Hill Lock Password Manager Safe app 2.3 for iOS has a #06# backdoor password. An attacker with physical access can unlock the password manager without knowing the master password set by the user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-29392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-30T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Estil Hill Lock Password Manager Safe app 2.3 for iOS has a *#06#* backdoor password. An attacker with physical access can unlock the password manager without knowing the master password set by the user.",
"id": "GHSA-4jhh-wmhx-r4j7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://i.blackhat.com/asia-20/Friday/asia-20-Loke-Patching-Loopholes-Finding-Backdoors-In-Applications.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4JHX-8MMM-HP3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-29 15:30 – Updated: 2023-04-01 03:30In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2023.1 the NTLM hash could leak through an API method used in the IntelliJ IDEA built-in web server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-29T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2023.1 the NTLM hash could leak through an API method used in the IntelliJ IDEA built-in web server.",
"id": "GHSA-4jhx-8mmm-hp3c",
"modified": "2023-04-01T03:30:16Z",
"published": "2023-03-29T15:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4JPM-CGX2-8H37
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 21:44 – Updated: 2026-04-24 20:57Summary
/api/v1/public-chatbotConfig/:idep exposes sensitive data including API keys, HTTP authorization headers and internal configuration without any authentication. An attacker with knowledge just of a chatflow UUID can retrieve credentials stored in password type fields and HTTP headers, leading to credential theft and more.
Details
Knowledge of chatflow UUID can be obtained from embedded chat widgets, referrer headers or logs and it's the only prerequest.
getSinglePublicChatbotConfig function in packages/server/src/services/chatflows/index.ts returns the full flowData object without authorization check or data sanitization.
There is a comment as "Safe as public endpoint as chatbotConfig doesn't contain sensitive credential" but flowData does contain sensitive data such as:
type: 'password' fields are stored in plaintext (unstructuredAPIKey in S3File node).
HTTP Authorization headers in POST / GET Requests nodes.
Internal API endpoints and webhook URLs.
PoC
- Add an S3 File node, set "File Processing Method" to "Unstructured".
- Enter an API key in "Unstructured API KEY" field or add a Requests Post node with Authorization header.
- Save the chatflow.
curl -s "https://localhost/api/v1/public-chatbotConfig/{CHATFLOW_UUID}"
Response:
{
"flowData": "{...\"unstructuredAPIKey\":\"victim_key\"...\"requestsPostHeaders\":\"Bearer victim_token\"...}"
}
Impact
Impacts all Flowise Cloud users with chatflows containing password type fields or any HTTP headers. And self hosted Flowise instances exposed to the internet.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.13"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "flowise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41266"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-522",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T21:44:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-23T20:16:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\n`/api/v1/public-chatbotConfig/:id `ep exposes sensitive data including API keys, HTTP authorization headers and internal configuration without any authentication. An attacker with knowledge just of a chatflow UUID can retrieve credentials stored in password type fields and HTTP headers, leading to credential theft and more.\n\n### Details\n\nKnowledge of chatflow UUID can be obtained from embedded chat widgets, referrer headers or logs and it\u0027s the only prerequest. \n\n`getSinglePublicChatbotConfig` function in `packages/server/src/services/chatflows/index.ts` returns the full **flowData** object without authorization check or data sanitization.\n\nThere is a comment as **\"Safe as public endpoint as chatbotConfig doesn\u0027t contain sensitive credential\"** but **flowData** does contain sensitive data such as:\n\n`type: \u0027password\u0027` fields are stored in plaintext (unstructuredAPIKey in S3File node).\nHTTP Authorization headers in POST / GET Requests nodes.\nInternal API endpoints and webhook URLs.\n\n### PoC\n\n- Add an S3 File node, set \"File Processing Method\" to \"Unstructured\".\n- Enter an API key in \"Unstructured API KEY\" field or add a Requests Post node with Authorization header.\n- Save the chatflow.\n\n`curl -s \"https://localhost/api/v1/public-chatbotConfig/{CHATFLOW_UUID}\"`\n\nResponse:\n\n```\n{\n \"flowData\": \"{...\\\"unstructuredAPIKey\\\":\\\"victim_key\\\"...\\\"requestsPostHeaders\\\":\\\"Bearer victim_token\\\"...}\"\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nImpacts all Flowise Cloud users with chatflows containing password type fields or any HTTP headers. And self hosted Flowise instances exposed to the internet.",
"id": "GHSA-4jpm-cgx2-8h37",
"modified": "2026-04-24T20:57:44Z",
"published": "2026-04-16T21:44:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-4jpm-cgx2-8h37"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41266"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Flowise: Sensitive Data Leak in public-chatbotConfig "
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.