Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

5969 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-33C9-RPPF-M7FQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-07 18:15 – Updated: 2023-01-18 06:13
VLAI
Summary
Backdrop CMS Unrestricted File Upload vulnerability
Details

Backdrop CMS 1.22.0 has Unrestricted File Upload vulnerability via themes that allows attackers to achieve Remote Code Execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "backdrop/backdrop"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.22.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-42092"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-18T06:13:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-07T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Backdrop CMS 1.22.0 has Unrestricted File Upload vulnerability via `themes` that allows attackers to achieve Remote Code Execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-33c9-rppf-m7fq",
  "modified": "2023-01-18T06:13:30Z",
  "published": "2022-10-07T18:15:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42092"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/backdrop-ops/backdrop-composer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://grimthereaperteam.medium.com/backdrop-cms-1-22-0-unrestricted-file-upload-themes-ad42a599561c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Backdrop CMS Unrestricted File Upload vulnerability"
}

GHSA-33CC-G737-2R5G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 09:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Beijing Baichuo Smart S40 Management Platform up to 20240126. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /useratte/web.php of the component Import Handler. The manipulation of the argument file_upload leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-252992. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-1253"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-06T17:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Beijing Baichuo Smart S40 Management Platform up to 20240126. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /useratte/web.php of the component Import Handler. The manipulation of the argument file_upload leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-252992. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-33cc-g737-2r5g",
  "modified": "2024-04-09T09:31:10Z",
  "published": "2024-02-06T18:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1253"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/b51s77/cve/blob/main/upload.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.252992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.252992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.273438"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33GF-MR65-87RW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-29 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Ajar Productions Ajar in5 Embed allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Ajar in5 Embed: from n/a through 3.1.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-50473"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-29T09:15:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Ajar Productions Ajar in5 Embed allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Ajar in5 Embed: from n/a through 3.1.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-33gf-mr65-87rw",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:12Z",
  "published": "2024-10-29T09:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50473"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ajar-productions-in5-embed/vulnerability/wordpress-ajar-in5-embed-plugin-3-1-3-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/ajar-productions-in5-embed/wordpress-ajar-in5-embed-plugin-3-1-3-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33GM-X234-GJX5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-17 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-28 21:30
VLAI
Details

File Upload Vulnerability in Yupoxion BearAdmin before commit 10176153528b0a914eb4d726e200fd506b73b075 allows attacker to execute arbitrary remote code via the Upfile function of the extend/tools/Ueditor endpoint.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-35261"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-17T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "File Upload Vulnerability in Yupoxion BearAdmin before commit 10176153528b0a914eb4d726e200fd506b73b075 allows attacker to execute arbitrary remote code via the Upfile function of the extend/tools/Ueditor endpoint.",
  "id": "GHSA-33gm-x234-gjx5",
  "modified": "2023-02-28T21:30:17Z",
  "published": "2023-02-17T18:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35261"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yupoxiong/BearAdmin/issues/16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33JH-2F37-89XC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-13 00:30 – Updated: 2026-02-24 06:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was detected in campcodes Online Student Enrollment System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /admin/index.php?page=user-profile. Performing manipulation of the argument userphoto results in unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14582"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-12T22:15:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was detected in campcodes Online Student Enrollment System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /admin/index.php?page=user-profile. Performing manipulation of the argument userphoto results in unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-33jh-2f37-89xc",
  "modified": "2026-02-24T06:31:30Z",
  "published": "2025-12-13T00:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/CHENCHOUCHOU/vuln/issues/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.336202"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.336202"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.705524"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.714164"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.campcodes.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33QQ-5JQ7-V446

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35
VLAI
Details

Subscriber Arbitrary File Upload in Restaurant Zone <= 0.7.8 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40746"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:20:36Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Subscriber Arbitrary File Upload in Restaurant Zone \u003c= 0.7.8 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-33qq-5jq7-v446",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:50Z",
  "published": "2026-06-17T18:35:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40746"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/restaurant-zone/vulnerability/wordpress-restaurant-zone-theme-0-7-8-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33VR-HV7F-MV36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-12 21:31
VLAI
Details

An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /uploads/ endpoint of CMS Made Simple Foundation File Manager v2.2.22 allows attackers with Administrator privileges to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted PHP file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-63678"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-10T23:15:41Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /uploads/ endpoint of CMS Made Simple Foundation File Manager v2.2.22 allows attackers with Administrator privileges to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted PHP file.",
  "id": "GHSA-33vr-hv7f-mv36",
  "modified": "2025-11-12T21:31:07Z",
  "published": "2025-11-11T00:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kasiasok/raports/blob/main/CMSMS%202.2.22%20_%20Raport%20092025.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33W4-5FRM-XXVG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-13 00:30 – Updated: 2025-12-13 00:30
VLAI
Details

A flaw has been found in campcodes Online Student Enrollment System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /admin/register.php. Executing manipulation of the argument photo can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14583"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-12T22:15:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw has been found in campcodes Online Student Enrollment System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /admin/register.php. Executing manipulation of the argument photo can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-33w4-5frm-xxvg",
  "modified": "2025-12-13T00:30:26Z",
  "published": "2025-12-13T00:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14583"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/CHENCHOUCHOU/vuln/issues/1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.336203"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.336203"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.705525"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.campcodes.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3424-MXVJ-PCGX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-03 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:31
VLAI
Details

Arbitrary code execution is possible due to improper validation of the file upload functionality in Eaton BLSS.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48396"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-03T08:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Arbitrary code execution\u00a0is possible due to improper validation of the file upload functionality in Eaton BLSS.",
  "id": "GHSA-3424-mxvj-pcgx",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T18:31:51Z",
  "published": "2025-11-03T09:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48396"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/company/news-insights/cybersecurity/security-bulletins/etn-va-2025-1021.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/company/news-insights/cybersecurity/security-bulletins/etn-va-2025-1021.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3426-H5FC-GHJ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:18 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:18
VLAI
Details

LimeSurvey version prior to 3.14.4 contains a file upload vulnerability in upload functionality that can result in an attacker gaining code execution via webshell. This attack appear to be exploitable via an authenticated user uploading a zip archive which can contains malicious php files that can be called under certain circumstances. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in after commit 91d143230eb357260a19c8424b3005deb49a47f7 / version 3.14.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1000658"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-09-06T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "LimeSurvey version prior to 3.14.4 contains a file upload vulnerability in upload functionality that can result in an attacker gaining code execution via webshell. This attack appear to be exploitable via an authenticated user uploading a zip archive which can contains malicious php files that can be called under certain circumstances. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in after commit 91d143230eb357260a19c8424b3005deb49a47f7 / version 3.14.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-3426-h5fc-ghj2",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:18:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:18:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000658"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/LimeSurvey/LimeSurvey/commit/20fc85edccc80e7e7f162613542792380c44446a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/LimeSurvey/LimeSurvey/commit/91d143230eb357260a19c8424b3005deb49a47f7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.