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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-407

Allowed-with-Review

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.

320 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2020-27223 (GCVE-0-2020-27223)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-26 21:55 – Updated: 2025-08-20 10:03
VLAI
Summary
In Eclipse Jetty 9.4.6.v20170531 to 9.4.36.v20210114 (inclusive), 10.0.0, and 11.0.0 when Jetty handles a request containing multiple Accept headers with a large number of “quality” (i.e. q) parameters, the server may enter a denial of service (DoS) state due to high CPU usage processing those quality values, resulting in minutes of CPU time exhausted processing those quality values.
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
References
URL Tags
https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=571128 x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/security… x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r5612dc69e1f… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
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https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r463b12b2726… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3ce0e31b25a… x_refsource_MISC
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https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r601f15f3de7… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
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https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r521a077885c… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r105f4e52feb… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r27ad7843d06… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc721fe29105… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/reb3c6dc050c… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1414ab2b3f4… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2c947376491… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r068dfd35ce2… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r855b24a3bde… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html x_refsource_MISC
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2021040… x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf190d1d28e1… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4949 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r65c714241b9… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/commit/10e… patch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
The Eclipse Foundation Eclipse Jetty Affected: 9.4.6.v20170531 , < unspecified (custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 9.4.36.v20210114 (custom)
Affected: 10.0.0
Affected: 11.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          "name": "[kafka-commits] 20210302 [kafka] branch 2.7 updated: KAFKA-12400: Upgrade jetty to fix CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210307 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg opened a new pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1625: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on a change in pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg closed pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg closed pull request #1625: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on a change in pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-commits] 20210310 [zookeeper] branch branch-3.7 updated: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210310 [GitHub] [zookeeper] asfgit closed pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-issues] 20210310 [jira] [Resolved] (ZOOKEEPER-4233) dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[solr-users] 20210310 Does CVE-2020-27223 impact Solr 8.6.1",
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        {
          "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Assigned] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
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        {
          "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] xkrogen opened a new pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] AmplabJenkins commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Updated] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Created] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.3.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Updated] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.3.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Resolved] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
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        {
          "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] HyukjinKwon commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
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        {
          "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] HyukjinKwon closed pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210316 [GitHub] [spark] xkrogen commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210307 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg opened a new pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210307 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg opened a new pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r5b7cc6ac733e0b35816751cf45d152ae246a3f40e0b1e62b101c9522@%3Cdev.zookeeper.apache.org%3E"
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on a change in pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg closed pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on a change in pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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              "name": "[nifi-issues] 20210310 [jira] [Resolved] (NIFI-8309) Update to latest Jetty due to reported CVE-2020-27223",
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              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1b803e6ebdac5f670708878fb1b27cd7a0ce9d774a60e797e58cee6f@%3Cissues.nifi.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[lucene-dev] 20210310 Re: Does CVE-2020-27223 impact Solr 8.6.1",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re3bd4f831f9be49871cb6adb997289b5dbcd6fe4bc5cb08223254080@%3Cdev.lucene.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[nifi-issues] 20210310 [jira] [Commented] (NIFI-8309) Update to latest Jetty due to reported CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r463b12b27264c5e1e3c48c8c2cc5d33813d2f0d981102548fb3102fb@%3Cissues.nifi.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3ce0e31b25ad4ee8f7c42b62cfdc72d1b586f5d6accd23f5295b6dd1@%3Cdev.kafka.apache.org%3E",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3ce0e31b25ad4ee8f7c42b62cfdc72d1b586f5d6accd23f5295b6dd1@%3Cdev.kafka.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re0d38cc2b5da28f708fc89de49036f3ace052c47a1202f7d70291614@%3Cdev.kafka.apache.org%3E",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re0d38cc2b5da28f708fc89de49036f3ace052c47a1202f7d70291614@%3Cdev.kafka.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Assigned] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r601f15f3de7ae3a7bbcd780c19155075c56443c2cdc1d193c03b4182@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] xkrogen opened a new pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd666e187ebea2fda8624683ab51e2a5ad2108f762d21bf1a383d7502@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] AmplabJenkins commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra2f529da674f25a7351543544f7d621b5227c49a0745913b1194d11e@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Updated] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4a456d89a83752a012d88a60ff4b21def6c9f650b9e69ea9fa11c9f9@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Commented] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r521a077885ce79c44a799118c878589e81e525cab72d368e5cfb6f61@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Created] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.3.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r105f4e52feb051faeb9141ef78f909aaf5129d6ed1fc52e099c79463@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Updated] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.3.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r27ad7843d060762cc942820566eeaa9639f75371afedf8124b943283@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Resolved] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc721fe2910533bffb6bd4d69ea8ff4f36066d260dbcd2d14e041614a@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] HyukjinKwon commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/reb3c6dc050c7ee18ea154cd94dba85d99aa6b02b84c4bb2138a4abf2@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] HyukjinKwon closed pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1414ab2b3f4bb4c0e736caff6dc8d15f93f6264f0cca5c47710d7bb3@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210316 [GitHub] [spark] xkrogen commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2c947376491a20d1cf143bf3c21ed74113e099d806cfe4c490a45ad8@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[solr-issues] 20210407 [jira] [Created] (SOLR-15325) High security vulnerability in Jetty library bundled within Solr - CVE-2020-27223 (+1)",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r068dfd35ce2193f6af28b74ff29ab148c2b2cacb235995576f5bea78@%3Cissues.solr.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[solr-issues] 20210507 [jira] [Updated] (SOLR-15325) High security vulnerability in Jetty library bundled within Solr - CVE-2020-27223 (+1)",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r855b24a3bde3674256152edfc53fb8c9000f9b59db3fecbbde33b211@%3Cissues.solr.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210401-0005/",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210401-0005/"
            },
            {
              "name": "[solr-issues] 20210623 [jira] [Updated] (SOLR-15325) High security vulnerability in Jetty library bundled within Solr - CVE-2020-27223 (+1)",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf190d1d28e1367d1664ef6bc2f71227566d7b6b39209817a5364da1f@%3Cissues.solr.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-4949",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4949"
            },
            {
              "name": "[solr-issues] 20210813 [jira] [Resolved] (SOLR-15325) High security vulnerability in Jetty library bundled within Solr - CVE-2020-27223 (+1)",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
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            }
          ]
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      }
    }
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "e51fbebd-6053-4e49-959f-1b94eeb69a2c",
    "assignerShortName": "eclipse",
    "cveId": "CVE-2020-27223",
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CVE-2020-3548 (GCVE-0-2020-3548)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-18 15:53 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:32
VLAI
Title
Cisco Email Security Appliance Denial Of Service Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol implementation of Cisco AsyncOS software for Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause high CPU usage on an affected device, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to inefficient processing of incoming TLS traffic. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of crafted TLS packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to trigger a prolonged state of high CPU utilization. The affected device would still be operative, but response time and overall performance may be degraded.There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-18 16:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Secure Email Affected: N/A
Create a notification for this product.
cisco secure_email Affected: 0 , ≤ 13.5.1-277 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_email:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          "value": "The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
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CVE-2019-19331 (GCVE-0-2019-19331)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-12-16 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 02:16
VLAI
Summary
knot-resolver before version 4.3.0 is vulnerable to denial of service through high CPU utilization. DNS replies with very many resource records might be processed very inefficiently, in extreme cases taking even several CPU seconds for each such uncached message. For example, a few thousand A records can be squashed into one DNS message (limit is 64kB).
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CZ.NIC knot-resolver Affected: 4.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
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          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T02:16:46.880Z",
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        "references": [
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            "tags": [
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          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.knot-resolver.cz/2019-12-04-knot-resolver-4.3.0.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20240426 [SECURITY] [DLA 3795-1] knot-resolver security update",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00017.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
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          "product": "knot-resolver",
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        }
      ],
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        }
      ],
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        "dateUpdated": "2024-04-26T07:06:04.638Z",
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        },
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          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00017.html"
        }
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    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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}

GHSA-22XX-XG3V-M8G7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-02 21:32
VLAI
Details

Pathway through 0.31.1, fixed in commit d09722e, document store applies a caller-supplied glob pattern to indexed document paths using a hand-written recursive matcher that branches two ways on each ** token without memoization, giving exponential worst-case complexity. The filepath_globpattern value is taken from the body of the unauthenticated HTTP endpoints /v1/retrieve, /v1/inputs and /v2/answer and compiled into a filter evaluated once per indexed document, with no length or **-count limit. A remote unauthenticated attacker can submit a short pattern containing many ** tokens to consume CPU for tens of seconds per request, and a small number of requests denies service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-59094"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T20:17:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Pathway through 0.31.1, fixed in commit d09722e, document store applies a caller-supplied glob pattern to indexed document paths using a hand-written recursive matcher that branches two ways on each ** token without memoization, giving exponential worst-case complexity. The filepath_globpattern value is taken from the body of the unauthenticated HTTP endpoints /v1/retrieve, /v1/inputs and /v2/answer and compiled into a filter evaluated once per indexed document, with no length or **-count limit. A remote unauthenticated attacker can submit a short pattern containing many ** tokens to consume CPU for tens of seconds per request, and a small number of requests denies service.",
  "id": "GHSA-22xx-xg3v-m8g7",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T21:32:14Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T21:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59094"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pathwaycom/pathway/issues/241"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pathwaycom/pathway/pull/250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pathwaycom/pathway/commit/d09722eef03fd94bba701836eb4c7fbfa3d3b88e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/pathway-unauthenticated-denial-of-service-via-exponential-glob-pattern-matching-in-document-store"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-25MV-J2QR-V5JQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-14 00:32 – Updated: 2026-08-14 18:31
VLAI
Details

Previously, resolving relative paths containing parent directory ('..') segments performed string conversions and buffer rewrites on each step, resulting in quadratic time complexity and high memory allocation overhead. Now, path resolution operates on a byte buffer using index-based backtracking for '..' segments, eliminating the quadratic time complexity and significantly reducing memory allocations.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56860"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T22:17:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Previously, resolving relative paths containing parent directory (\u0027..\u0027) segments performed string conversions and buffer rewrites on each step, resulting in quadratic time complexity and high memory allocation overhead. Now, path resolution operates on a byte buffer using index-based backtracking for \u0027..\u0027 segments, eliminating the quadratic time complexity and significantly reducing memory allocations.",
  "id": "GHSA-25mv-j2qr-v5jq",
  "modified": "2026-08-14T18:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-08-14T00:32:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56860"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/cl/803681"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/issue/80494"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/94pEornpRlI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6218"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2883-XCG3-V3HH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 21:24 – Updated: 2026-09-08 21:24
VLAI
Summary
js-yaml: maxTotalMergeKeys does not limit CPU use for empty merge sources
Details

Summary

maxTotalMergeKeys does not count empty mappings. An attacker can repeatedly merge a large sequence of them and consume significant CPU without reaching the configured limit.

Example

arr: &arr [{}, {}, {}, ...] # N empty mappings
targets:
  - <<: *arr                # repeated K times

For every target, the loader iterates all N elements of arr. This results in O(N * K) work while totalMergeKeys remains unchanged.

PoC

import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks'
import { load, YAML11_SCHEMA } from 'js-yaml'

const n = 20000

const src =
  'arr: &arr [' + '{},'.repeat(n).slice(0, -1) + ']\n' +
  'targets:\n' +
  '  - <<: *arr\n'.repeat(n)

const started = performance.now()

load(src, { schema: YAML11_SCHEMA })

console.log(`${(performance.now() - started).toFixed(1)} ms`)

Observed results:

N YAML size Time
800 ~13 KB ~20 ms
3200 ~50 KB ~180 ms
20000 ~500 KB ~13 s

Impact

An attacker can submit a relatively small YAML document that causes prolonged CPU consumption despite the default maxTotalMergeKeys limit.

Fix

Count each merge-source mapping as one budget unit, in addition to counting its keys.

Difference with v5

In v3 & v4, merge is enabled by default. So, the severity score is higher.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "js-yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "js-yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.15.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-84375"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-08T21:24:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-01T22:17:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`maxTotalMergeKeys` does not count empty mappings. An attacker can repeatedly merge a large sequence of them and consume significant CPU without reaching the configured limit.\n\n## Example\n\n```yaml\narr: \u0026arr [{}, {}, {}, ...] # N empty mappings\ntargets:\n  - \u003c\u003c: *arr                # repeated K times\n```\n\nFor every target, the loader iterates all `N` elements of `arr`. This results in `O(N * K)` work while `totalMergeKeys` remains unchanged.\n\n## PoC\n\n```js\nimport { performance } from \u0027node:perf_hooks\u0027\nimport { load, YAML11_SCHEMA } from \u0027js-yaml\u0027\n\nconst n = 20000\n\nconst src =\n  \u0027arr: \u0026arr [\u0027 + \u0027{},\u0027.repeat(n).slice(0, -1) + \u0027]\\n\u0027 +\n  \u0027targets:\\n\u0027 +\n  \u0027  - \u003c\u003c: *arr\\n\u0027.repeat(n)\n\nconst started = performance.now()\n\nload(src, { schema: YAML11_SCHEMA })\n\nconsole.log(`${(performance.now() - started).toFixed(1)} ms`)\n```\n\nObserved results:\n\n| N | YAML size | Time |\n|---:|---:|---:|\n| 800 | ~13 KB | ~20 ms |\n| 3200 | ~50 KB | ~180 ms |\n| 20000 | ~500 KB | ~13 s |\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker can submit a relatively small YAML document that causes prolonged CPU consumption despite the default `maxTotalMergeKeys` limit.\n\n## Fix\n\nCount each merge-source mapping as one budget unit, in addition to counting its keys.\n\n## Difference with v5\n\nIn v3 \u0026 v4, merge is enabled by default. So, the severity score is higher.",
  "id": "GHSA-2883-xcg3-v3hh",
  "modified": "2026-09-08T21:24:51Z",
  "published": "2026-09-08T21:24:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/security/advisories/GHSA-2883-xcg3-v3hh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84375"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/pull/797"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/3485bc06ff8a0251505f44a00414d90df2466639"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/6a8e05f9a485188ed730ac81e81ae221352ef480"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/d90b6612a5a84385bdcb556c44578eac76dc0f6b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/releases/tag/3.15.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/releases/tag/4.3.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "js-yaml: maxTotalMergeKeys does not limit CPU use for empty merge sources"
}

GHSA-2CMP-7FM4-4V9W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-07 15:33 – Updated: 2026-09-07 15:33
VLAI
Details

commonmark versions from 1.5.0 before 2.8.4 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the Footnote extension that fails to deduplicate footnote definitions. Attackers can craft documents with duplicate footnote definitions and references to create quadratic output expansion, consuming excessive memory and CPU to exhaust server resources.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-86435"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-07T13:20:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "commonmark versions from 1.5.0 before 2.8.4 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the Footnote extension that fails to deduplicate footnote definitions. Attackers can craft documents with duplicate footnote definitions and references to create quadratic output expansion, consuming excessive memory and CPU to exhaust server resources.",
  "id": "GHSA-2cmp-7fm4-4v9w",
  "modified": "2026-09-07T15:33:53Z",
  "published": "2026-09-07T15:33:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/security/advisories/GHSA-jfm3-95jq-q3rf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-86435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/commonmark-1.5.0-before-2.8.4-denial-of-service-via-footnote"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2JHC-HF67-8VGX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 18:31
VLAI
Details

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.5 before 18.8.7, 18.9 before 18.9.3, and 18.10 before 18.10.1 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause a denial of service by making the GitLab instance unresponsive due to improper input validation in GraphQL request processing.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-3988"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T17:17:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.5 before 18.8.7, 18.9 before 18.9.3, and 18.10 before 18.10.1 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause a denial of service by making the GitLab instance unresponsive due to improper input validation in GraphQL request processing.",
  "id": "GHSA-2jhc-hf67-8vgx",
  "modified": "2026-03-25T18:31:55Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T18:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3988"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3597342"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/03/25/patch-release-gitlab-18-10-1-released"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/work_items/593140"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2MP6-9MJC-P6JG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-09 12:00 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Python before 3.11.1. An unnecessary quadratic algorithm exists in one path when processing some inputs to the IDNA (RFC 3490) decoder, such that a crafted, unreasonably long name being presented to the decoder could lead to a CPU denial of service. Hostnames are often supplied by remote servers that could be controlled by a malicious actor; in such a scenario, they could trigger excessive CPU consumption on the client attempting to make use of an attacker-supplied supposed hostname. For example, the attack payload could be placed in the Location header of an HTTP response with status code 302. A fix is planned in 3.11.1, 3.10.9, 3.9.16, 3.8.16, and 3.7.16.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45061"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-09T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Python before 3.11.1. An unnecessary quadratic algorithm exists in one path when processing some inputs to the IDNA (RFC 3490) decoder, such that a crafted, unreasonably long name being presented to the decoder could lead to a CPU denial of service. Hostnames are often supplied by remote servers that could be controlled by a malicious actor; in such a scenario, they could trigger excessive CPU consumption on the client attempting to make use of an attacker-supplied supposed hostname. For example, the attack payload could be placed in the Location header of an HTTP response with status code 302. A fix is planned in 3.11.1, 3.10.9, 3.9.16, 3.8.16, and 3.7.16.",
  "id": "GHSA-2mp6-9mjc-p6jg",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:30:34Z",
  "published": "2022-11-09T12:00:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45061"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/98433"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/O67LRHDTJWH544KXB6KY4HMHQLYDXFPK"
    },
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    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KNE4GMD45RGC2HWUAAIGTDHT5VJ2E4O4"
    },
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    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2MR2-J2WM-V93X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-01 18:30 – Updated: 2026-09-01 18:30
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in openshift/oauth-server. The OAuth login and error page endpoints pass the unauthenticated Accept-Language header to golang.org/x/text/language.ParseAcceptLanguage() without input validation. A bypass of the CVE-2022-32149 mitigation exists: the upstream guard counts only '-' characters but the internal BCP 47 scanner aliases '' to '-' after the guard check. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted Accept-Language header using '' separators to trigger quadratic-time parsing, consuming excessive CPU and denying authentication to all cluster users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-49329"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-01T16:16:57Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in openshift/oauth-server. The OAuth login and error page endpoints pass the unauthenticated Accept-Language header to golang.org/x/text/language.ParseAcceptLanguage() without input validation. A bypass of the CVE-2022-32149 mitigation exists: the upstream guard counts only \u0027-\u0027 characters but the internal BCP 47 scanner aliases \u0027_\u0027 to \u0027-\u0027 after the guard check. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted Accept-Language header using \u0027_\u0027 separators to trigger quadratic-time parsing, consuming excessive CPU and denying authentication to all cluster users.",
  "id": "GHSA-2mr2-j2wm-v93x",
  "modified": "2026-09-01T18:30:40Z",
  "published": "2026-09-01T18:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49329"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-49329"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2483248"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.