Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-405
Allowed-with-ReviewAsymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification)
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not properly control situations in which an adversary can cause the product to consume or produce excessive resources without requiring the adversary to invest equivalent work or otherwise prove authorization, i.e., the adversary's influence is "asymmetric."
85 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-38447 (GCVE-0-2021-38447)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-05 15:18 – Updated: 2025-04-16 16:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OCI OpenDDS Secure Amplification
Summary
OCI OpenDDS versions prior to 3.18.1 are vulnerable when an attacker sends a specially crafted packet to flood target devices with unwanted traffic, which may result in a denial-of-service condition.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-405 - Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://opendds.org/ | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-21359 (GCVE-0-2021-21359)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-23 01:55 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Denial of Service in Page Error Handling
Summary
TYPO3 is an open source PHP based web content management system. In TYPO3 before versions 9.5.25, 10.4.14, 11.1.1 requesting invalid or non-existing resources via HTTP triggers the page error handler which again could retrieve content to be shown as error message from another page. This leads to a scenario in which the application is calling itself recursively - amplifying the impact of the initial attack until the limits of the web server are exceeded. This is fixed in versions 9.5.25, 10.4.14, 11.1.1.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://packagist.org/packages/typo3/cms-core | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/TYPO3/TYPO3.CMS/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2019-11479 (GCVE-0-2019-11479)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-06-18 23:34 – Updated: 2024-09-16 23:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Jonathan Looney discovered that the Linux kernel default MSS is hard-coded to 48 bytes. This allows a remote peer to fragment TCP resend queues significantly more than if a larger MSS were enforced. A remote attacker could use this to cause a denial of service. This has been fixed in stable kernel releases 4.4.182, 4.9.182, 4.14.127, 4.19.52, 5.1.11, and is fixed in commits 967c05aee439e6e5d7d805e195b3a20ef5c433d6 and 5f3e2bf008c2221478101ee72f5cb4654b9fc363.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-405 - Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification)
Assigner
References
28 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux kernel |
Affected:
4.4 , < 4.4.182
(custom)
Affected: 4.9 , < 4.9.182 (custom) Affected: 4.14 , < 4.14.127 (custom) Affected: 4.19 , < 4.19.52 (custom) Affected: 5.1 , < 5.1.11 (custom) |
Date Public
2019-06-17 00:00
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GHSA-25MP-9VJG-J5G4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-30 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:37
VLAI
Details
An issue in The Document Foundation Libreoffice v.7.4.7 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted .ppt file.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
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"id": "GHSA-25mp-9vjg-j5g4",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:37:46Z",
"published": "2024-04-30T18:30:33Z",
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GHSA-36CP-MH65-X882
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:18
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw is vulnerable to unauthenticated resource exhaustion through its voice call webhook handling
Details
Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-rm59-992w-x2mv. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
OpenClaw before 2026.3.22 contains an unauthenticated resource exhaustion vulnerability in voice call webhook handling that buffers request bodies before provider signature checks. Attackers can send large or malicious webhook requests to exhaust server resources without authentication by bypassing signature validation.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
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],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw is vulnerable to unauthenticated resource exhaustion through its voice call webhook handling",
"withdrawn": "2026-04-10T20:18:58Z"
}
GHSA-3JGV-277J-G3M7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-19 21:31 – Updated: 2025-09-19 21:31
VLAI
Details
StorageGRID (formerly StorageGRID Webscale) versions prior to 11.8.0.15 and 11.9.0.8 are susceptible to a Denial of Service vulnerability. Successful exploit could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause a Denial of Service on the Admin node.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26516"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-405"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-19T19:15:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "StorageGRID (formerly \nStorageGRID Webscale) versions prior to 11.8.0.15 and 11.9.0.8 are \nsusceptible to a Denial of Service vulnerability. Successful exploit \ncould allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause a Denial of Service on \nthe Admin node.",
"id": "GHSA-3jgv-277j-g3m7",
"modified": "2025-09-19T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2025-09-19T21:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26516"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/NTAP-20250910-0003"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3V8X-282W-FMJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-09 18:30
VLAI
Details
SAP NetWeaver remote service for Xcelsius allows an attacker with network access and high privileges to execute arbitrary code on the affected system due to insufficient input validation and improper handling of remote method calls. Exploitation does not require user interaction and could lead to service disruption or unauthorized system control. This has high impact on integrity and availability, with no impact on confidentiality.
Severity
7.9 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42874"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-405"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:17:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SAP NetWeaver remote service for Xcelsius allows an attacker with network access and high privileges to execute arbitrary code on the affected system due to insufficient input validation and improper handling of remote method calls. Exploitation does not require user interaction and could lead to service disruption or unauthorized system control. This has high impact on integrity and availability, with no impact on confidentiality.",
"id": "GHSA-3v8x-282w-fmj2",
"modified": "2025-12-09T18:30:37Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3640185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-428G-F7CQ-PGP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-22 20:20 – Updated: 2025-12-23 16:01
VLAI
Summary
Marshmallow has DoS in Schema.load(many)
Details
Impact
Schema.load(data, many=True) is vulnerable to denial of service attacks. A moderately sized request can consume a disproportionate amount of CPU time.
Patches
4.1.2, 3.26.2
Workarounds
# Fail fast
def load_many(schema, data, **kwargs):
if not isinstance(data, list):
raise ValidationError(['Invalid input type.'])
return [schema.load(item, **kwargs) for item in data]
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "marshmallow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.26.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "marshmallow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68480"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-405"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-22T20:20:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-22T22:16:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\n`Schema.load(data, many=True)` is vulnerable to denial of service attacks. A moderately sized request can consume a disproportionate amount of CPU time.\n\n### Patches\n\n4.1.2, 3.26.2\n\n### Workarounds\n\n```py\n# Fail fast\ndef load_many(schema, data, **kwargs):\n if not isinstance(data, list):\n raise ValidationError([\u0027Invalid input type.\u0027])\n return [schema.load(item, **kwargs) for item in data]\n```",
"id": "GHSA-428g-f7cq-pgp5",
"modified": "2025-12-23T16:01:21Z",
"published": "2025-12-22T20:20:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/marshmallow-code/marshmallow/security/advisories/GHSA-428g-f7cq-pgp5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68480"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/marshmallow-code/marshmallow/commit/d24a0c9df061c4daa92f71cf85aca25b83eee508"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/marshmallow-code/marshmallow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Marshmallow has DoS in Schema.load(many)"
}
GHSA-4P9G-QGX9-397P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-23 01:54 – Updated: 2024-02-07 18:50
VLAI
Summary
Denial of Service in Page Error Handling
Details
Meta
- CVSS:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C(5.5)- CWE-405, CWE-674
- Status: DRAFT
Problem
Requesting invalid or non-existing resources via HTTP triggers the page error handler which again could retrieve content to be shown as error message from another page. This leads to a scenario in which the application is calling itself recursively - amplifying the impact of the initial attack until the limits of the web server are exceeded.
Solution
Update to TYPO3 versions 9.5.25, 10.4.14, 11.1.1 that fix the problem described.
Credits
Thanks to Paul Keller, Mathias Bolt Lesniak and Kay Strobach who reported this issue and to TYPO3 framework merger Frank Nägler and to TYPO3 security team member Torben Hansen who fixed the issue.
References
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.4.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.5.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.4.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.5.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21359"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-405",
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-23T01:42:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-23T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\u003e ### Meta\n\u003e * CVSS: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C` (5.5)\n\u003e * CWE-405, CWE-674\n\u003e * Status: **DRAFT**\n\n### Problem\nRequesting invalid or non-existing resources via HTTP triggers the page error handler which again could retrieve content to be shown as error message from another page. This leads to a scenario in which the application is calling itself recursively - amplifying the impact of the initial attack until the limits of the web server are exceeded.\n\n### Solution\nUpdate to TYPO3 versions 9.5.25, 10.4.14, 11.1.1 that fix the problem described.\n\n### Credits\nThanks to Paul Keller, Mathias Bolt Lesniak and Kay Strobach who reported this issue and to TYPO3 framework merger Frank N\u00e4gler and to TYPO3 security team member Torben Hansen who fixed the issue.\n\n### References\n* [TYPO3-CORE-SA-2021-005](https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2021-005)",
"id": "GHSA-4p9g-qgx9-397p",
"modified": "2024-02-07T18:50:34Z",
"published": "2021-03-23T01:54:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/TYPO3.CMS/security/advisories/GHSA-4p9g-qgx9-397p"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21359"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/typo3/cms-core/CVE-2021-21359.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/typo3/cms/CVE-2021-21359.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packagist.org/packages/typo3/cms-core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2021-005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of Service in Page Error Handling"
}
GHSA-4QG8-FJ49-PXJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-05 18:19 – Updated: 2025-12-05 18:19
VLAI
Summary
Sigstore Timestamp Authority allocates excessive memory during request parsing
Details
Impact
Excessive memory allocation
Function api.ParseJSONRequest currently splits (via a call to strings.Split) an optionally-provided OID (which is untrusted data) on periods. Similarly, function api.getContentType splits the Content-Type header (which is also untrusted data) on an application string.
As a result, in the face of a malicious request with either an excessively long OID in the payload containing many period characters or a malformed Content-Type header, a call to api.ParseJSONRequest or api.getContentType incurs allocations of O(n) bytes (where n stands for the length of the function's argument). Relevant weakness: CWE-405: Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification)
Patches
Upgrade to v2.0.3.
Workarounds
There are no workarounds with the service itself. If the service is behind a load balancer, configure the load balancer to reject excessively large requests.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.0.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/sigstore/timestamp-authority"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66564"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-405"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-05T18:19:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T23:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\n**Excessive memory allocation**\n\nFunction [api.ParseJSONRequest](https://github.com/sigstore/timestamp-authority/blob/26d7d426d3000abdbdf2df34de56bb92246c0365/pkg/api/timestamp.go#L63) currently splits (via a call to [strings.Split](https://pkg.go.dev/strings#Split)) an optionally-provided OID (which is untrusted data) on periods. Similarly, function [api.getContentType](https://github.com/sigstore/timestamp-authority/blob/26d7d426d3000abdbdf2df34de56bb92246c0365/pkg/api/timestamp.go#L114) splits the `Content-Type` header (which is also untrusted data) on an `application` string.\n\nAs a result, in the face of a malicious request with either an excessively long OID in the payload containing many period characters or a malformed `Content-Type` header, a call to `api.ParseJSONRequest` or `api.getContentType` incurs allocations of O(n) bytes (where n stands for the length of the function\u0027s argument). Relevant weakness: [CWE-405: Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification)](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/405.html)\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to v2.0.3.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no workarounds with the service itself. If the service is behind a load balancer, configure the load balancer to reject excessively large requests.",
"id": "GHSA-4qg8-fj49-pxjh",
"modified": "2025-12-05T18:19:00Z",
"published": "2025-12-05T18:19:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sigstore/timestamp-authority/security/advisories/GHSA-4qg8-fj49-pxjh"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sigstore/timestamp-authority/commit/0cae34e197d685a14904e0bad135b89d13b69421"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/sigstore/timestamp-authority"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Sigstore Timestamp Authority allocates excessive memory during request parsing"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
An application must make resources available to a client commensurate with the client's access level.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
An application must, at all times, keep track of allocated resources and meter their usage appropriately.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Consider disabling resource-intensive algorithms on the server side, such as Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.