CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1063 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RW3J-4V23-WXG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-02 18:30A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in SevenCs ORCA G2 2.0.1.35 (EC2007 Kernel v5.22). The flaw is a Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition in the license management logic. The regService process, which runs with SYSTEM privileges, creates a fixed directory and writes files without verifying whether the path is an NTFS reparse point. By exploiting this race condition, an attacker can replace the target directory with a junction pointing to a user-controlled path. This causes the SYSTEM-level process to drop binaries in a location fully controlled by the attacker, allowing arbitrary code execution with SYSTEM privileges. The vulnerability can be exploited by any standard user with only a single UAC confirmation, making it highly practical and dangerous in real-world environments.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61037"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-31T16:15:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in SevenCs ORCA G2 2.0.1.35 (EC2007 Kernel v5.22). The flaw is a Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition in the license management logic. The regService process, which runs with SYSTEM privileges, creates a fixed directory and writes files without verifying whether the path is an NTFS reparse point. By exploiting this race condition, an attacker can replace the target directory with a junction pointing to a user-controlled path. This causes the SYSTEM-level process to drop binaries in a location fully controlled by the attacker, allowing arbitrary code execution with SYSTEM privileges. The vulnerability can be exploited by any standard user with only a single UAC confirmation, making it highly practical and dangerous in real-world environments.",
"id": "GHSA-rw3j-4v23-wxg4",
"modified": "2026-01-02T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-12-31T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/jc0818/233462416579661e4e2795f96457a6bf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RX7Q-7V9G-75WG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 15:31 – Updated: 2024-09-13 09:30Acrobat Reader versions 20.005.30636, 24.002.20965, 24.002.20964, 24.001.30123 and earlier are affected by a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. This issue occurs when the state of a resource changes between its check-time and use-time, allowing an attacker to manipulate the resource. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39420"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T15:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Acrobat Reader versions 20.005.30636, 24.002.20965, 24.002.20964, 24.001.30123 and earlier are affected by a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. This issue occurs when the state of a resource changes between its check-time and use-time, allowing an attacker to manipulate the resource. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-rx7q-7v9g-75wg",
"modified": "2024-09-13T09:30:31Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T15:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39420"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb24-57.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb24-70.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXJ5-2XG2-3QMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-08 18:30A race condition exists in the Falcon sensor for Windows that could allow an attacker, with the prior ability to execute code on a host, to delete arbitrary files. CrowdStrike released a security fix for this issue in Falcon sensor for Windows versions 7.24 and above and all Long Term Visibility (LTV) sensors.
There is no indication of exploitation of these issues in the wild. Our threat hunting and intelligence team are actively monitoring for exploitation and we maintain visibility into any such attempts.
The Falcon sensor for Mac, the Falcon sensor for Linux and the Falcon sensor for Legacy Systems are not impacted by this.
CrowdStrike was made aware of this issue through our HackerOne bug bounty program. It was discovered by Cong Cheng and responsibly disclosed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-08T18:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A race condition exists in the Falcon sensor for Windows that could allow an attacker, with the prior ability to execute code on a host, to delete arbitrary files. CrowdStrike released a security fix for this issue in Falcon sensor for Windows versions 7.24 and above and all Long Term Visibility (LTV) sensors.\n\n\nThere is no indication of exploitation of these issues in the wild. Our threat hunting and intelligence team are actively monitoring for exploitation and we maintain visibility into any such attempts. \n\n\nThe Falcon sensor for Mac, the Falcon sensor for Linux and the Falcon sensor for Legacy Systems are not impacted by this.\n\nCrowdStrike was made aware of this issue through our HackerOne bug bounty program. It was discovered by Cong Cheng and responsibly disclosed.",
"id": "GHSA-rxj5-2xg2-3qmw",
"modified": "2025-10-08T18:30:16Z",
"published": "2025-10-08T18:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/security-advisories/issues-affecting-crowdstrike-falcon-sensor-for-windows"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V24V-F45G-W7JF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-06 19:54Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-239g-2685-54x3. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
The install utility in uutils coreutils is vulnerable to a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition during file installation. The implementation unlinks an existing destination file and then recreates it using a path-based operation without the O_EXCL flag. A local attacker can exploit the window between the unlink and the subsequent creation to swap the path with a symbolic link, allowing them to redirect privileged writes to overwrite arbitrary system files.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "coreutils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-30T17:10:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T17:16:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-239g-2685-54x3. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nThe install utility in uutils coreutils is vulnerable to a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition during file installation. The implementation unlinks an existing destination file and then recreates it using a path-based operation without the O_EXCL flag. A local attacker can exploit the window between the unlink and the subsequent creation to swap the path with a symbolic link, allowing them to redirect privileged writes to overwrite arbitrary system files.",
"id": "GHSA-v24v-f45g-w7jf",
"modified": "2026-07-06T19:54:01Z",
"published": "2026-04-22T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/10067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/commit/b5bbabc18a1121908848d836f869a4e98eb63886"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.6.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: uutils coreutils has a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition",
"withdrawn": "2026-07-06T19:54:01Z"
}
GHSA-V24X-73F9-V4J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-03 18:30 – Updated: 2025-02-03 18:30Memory corruption while parsing the memory map info in IOCTL calls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38418"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-03T17:15:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while parsing the memory map info in IOCTL calls.",
"id": "GHSA-v24x-73f9-v4j3",
"modified": "2025-02-03T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2025-02-03T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/february-2025-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V2RR-HHF4-8739
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.1, watchOS 9.2, iOS 16.2 and iPadOS 16.2, tvOS 16.2. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48618"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T18:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.1, watchOS 9.2, iOS 16.2 and iPadOS 16.2, tvOS 16.2. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7.1.",
"id": "GHSA-v2rr-hhf4-8739",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:58Z",
"published": "2024-01-09T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48618"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-48618"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3P7-858R-PR8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-24 00:31OpenClaw before 2026.4.2 contains an approval integrity vulnerability in pnpm dlx that fails to bind local script operands consistently with pnpm exec flows. Attackers can replace approved local scripts before execution without invalidating the approval plan, allowing execution of modified script contents.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41360"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-23T22:16:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenClaw before 2026.4.2 contains an approval integrity vulnerability in pnpm dlx that fails to bind local script operands consistently with pnpm exec flows. Attackers can replace approved local scripts before execution without invalidating the approval plan, allowing execution of modified script contents.",
"id": "GHSA-v3p7-858r-pr8m",
"modified": "2026-04-24T00:31:52Z",
"published": "2026-04-24T00:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-w6wx-jq6j-6mcj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/176c059b05357df1bc09d4328a2380670859eeff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-approval-integrity-bypass-in-pnpm-dlx-local-script-binding"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3W9-W5CX-HW5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-18 18:30DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the SmmResourceCheckDxe software SMI handler cause SMRAM corruption (a TOCTOU attack) DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the SmmResourceCheckDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack... This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering. Fixed in kernel Kernel 5.2: 05.27.23. Kernel 5.3: 05.36.23. Kernel 5.4: 05.44.23. Kernel 5.5: 05.52.23 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022046
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32267"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the SmmResourceCheckDxe software SMI handler cause SMRAM corruption (a TOCTOU attack) DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the SmmResourceCheckDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack... This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering. Fixed in kernel Kernel 5.2: 05.27.23. Kernel 5.3: 05.36.23. Kernel 5.4: 05.44.23. Kernel 5.5: 05.52.23 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022046",
"id": "GHSA-v3w9-w5cx-hw5m",
"modified": "2022-11-18T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-15T12:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022046"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V46M-W3JC-VMR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-22 00:00An issue was discovered in Amazon AWS VPN Client 2.0.0. A TOCTOU race condition exists during the validation of VPN configuration files. This allows parameters outside of the AWS VPN Client allow list to be injected into the configuration file prior to the AWS VPN Client service (running as SYSTEM) processing the file. Dangerous arguments can be injected by a low-level user such as log, which allows an arbitrary destination to be specified for writing log files. This leads to an arbitrary file write as SYSTEM with partial control over the files content. This can be abused to cause an elevation of privilege or denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25165"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-14T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Amazon AWS VPN Client 2.0.0. A TOCTOU race condition exists during the validation of VPN configuration files. This allows parameters outside of the AWS VPN Client allow list to be injected into the configuration file prior to the AWS VPN Client service (running as SYSTEM) processing the file. Dangerous arguments can be injected by a low-level user such as log, which allows an arbitrary destination to be specified for writing log files. This leads to an arbitrary file write as SYSTEM with partial control over the files content. This can be abused to cause an elevation of privilege or denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-v46m-w3jc-vmr2",
"modified": "2022-04-22T00:00:53Z",
"published": "2022-04-15T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/CVEs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/cve-2022-25165-aws-vpn-client"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V54C-H56F-JW8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-13 18:30Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Virtual Machine Bus allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29833"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T17:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Virtual Machine Bus allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-v54c-h56f-jw8m",
"modified": "2025-05-13T18:30:54Z",
"published": "2025-05-13T18:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-29833"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.