Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1069 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2018-16872 (GCVE-0-2018-16872)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-12-13 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 10:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A flaw was found in qemu Media Transfer Protocol (MTP). The code opening files in usb_mtp_get_object and usb_mtp_get_partial_object and directories in usb_mtp_object_readdir doesn't consider that the underlying filesystem may have changed since the time lstat(2) was called in usb_mtp_object_alloc, a classical TOCTTOU problem. An attacker with write access to the host filesystem shared with a guest can use this property to navigate the host filesystem in the context of the QEMU process and read any file the QEMU process has access to. Access to the filesystem may be local or via a network share protocol such as CIFS.
Severity
5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106212 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://usn.ubuntu.com/3923-1/ | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-annou… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_SUSE |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4454 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN |
| https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/May/76 | mailing-listx_refsource_BUGTRAQ |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Date Public
2018-12-13 00:00
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CVE-2018-1121 (GCVE-0-2018-1121)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-06-13 20:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 03:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
procps-ng, procps is vulnerable to a process hiding through race condition. Since the kernel's proc_pid_readdir() returns PID entries in ascending numeric order, a process occupying a high PID can use inotify events to determine when the process list is being scanned, and fork/exec to obtain a lower PID, thus avoiding enumeration. An unprivileged attacker can hide a process from procps-ng's utilities by exploiting a race condition in reading /proc/PID entries. This vulnerability affects procps and procps-ng up to version 3.3.15, newer versions might be affected also.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44806/ | exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104214 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2018/q2/122 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://www.qualys.com/2018/05/17/procps-ng-audit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| [UNKNOWN] | procps-ng, procps |
Affected:
up to procps-ng 3.3.15 and newer
|
Date Public
2018-05-17 00:00
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CVE-2011-10035 (GCVE-0-2011-10035)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-30 21:41 – Updated: 2025-11-17 18:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nagios XI < 2011R1.9 Race Conditions in Crontab Install Scripts LPE
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nagios.com/changelog/nagios-xi/ | release-notespatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nagios-xi-ra… | third-party-advisory |
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CVE-2011-4126 (GCVE-0-2011-4126)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-27 00:50 – Updated: 2024-08-07 00:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Race condition issues were found in Calibre at devices/linux_mount_helper.c allowing unprivileged users the ability to mount any device to anywhere.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://git.zx2c4.com/calibre-mount-helper-exploi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://bugs.launchpad.net/calibre/+bug/885027 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lwn.net/Articles/464824/ | x_refsource_MISC |
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GHSA-2299-GHJR-6VJP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 19:48 – Updated: 2026-03-27 21:54
VLAI
Summary
Parse Server: MFA recovery code single-use bypass via concurrent requests
Details
Impact
An attacker who obtains a user's password and a single MFA recovery code can reuse that recovery code an unlimited number of times by sending concurrent login requests. This defeats the single-use design of recovery codes. The attack requires the user's password, a valid recovery code, and the ability to send concurrent requests within milliseconds.
Patches
The login handler now uses optimistic locking when updating auth data that contains consumed single-use tokens. If a concurrent request has already modified the recovery array, the update fails and the login is rejected.
Workarounds
There are no known workarounds.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "parse-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.6.0-alpha.54"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "parse-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.6.60"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33624"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-24T19:48:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-24T19:16:55Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nAn attacker who obtains a user\u0027s password and a single MFA recovery code can reuse that recovery code an unlimited number of times by sending concurrent login requests. This defeats the single-use design of recovery codes. The attack requires the user\u0027s password, a valid recovery code, and the ability to send concurrent requests within milliseconds.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe login handler now uses optimistic locking when updating auth data that contains consumed single-use tokens. If a concurrent request has already modified the recovery array, the update fails and the login is rejected.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no known workarounds.",
"id": "GHSA-2299-ghjr-6vjp",
"modified": "2026-03-27T21:54:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-24T19:48:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-2299-ghjr-6vjp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/5e70094250a36bfcc14ecd49592be2b94fba66ff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/fc3da35a81d5083b453e8967cabcc880f1a3bd0c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Parse Server: MFA recovery code single-use bypass via concurrent requests"
}
GHSA-22FM-2RJP-5F34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-24 00:00
VLAI
Details
Improper integrity check can lead to race condition between tasks PDCP and RRC? after a valid RRC Command packet has been received in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wearables
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-30342"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-14T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper integrity check can lead to race condition between tasks PDCP and RRC? after a valid RRC Command packet has been received in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Voice \u0026 Music, Snapdragon Wearables",
"id": "GHSA-22fm-2rjp-5f34",
"modified": "2022-06-24T00:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-06-15T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30342"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/april-2022-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-239G-2685-54X3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 19:54 – Updated: 2026-07-06 19:54
VLAI
Summary
install: TOCTOU symlink race (unlink-then-create without O_EXCL) allows arbitrary file overwrite
Details
copy_file in install/src/install.rs removes the destination then recreates it by pathname via File::create / fs::copy without O_EXCL/create_new. Between the unlink and the recreate, a local attacker with write access to the destination directory can drop in a symlink and redirect the write.
Impact: when install runs privileged into an attacker-writable directory (staging/build paths), the race allows redirecting writes to arbitrary files and overwriting sensitive system files (/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow). Recommendation: create atomically with create_new/O_EXCL and copy via the opened fd rather than reopening by path.
Remediation: Acknowledged by Canonical; fixed in commit b5bbabc1.
Reported by Zellic in the uutils coreutils Program Security Assessment (prepared for Canonical, Jan 20 2026), audited commit 3a07ffc5a9bd4c283e75afa548ba1f1957bad242. Finding 3.50. Credit: Zellic.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "uu_install"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T19:54:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "`copy_file` in `install/src/install.rs` removes the destination then recreates it by pathname via `File::create` / `fs::copy` without `O_EXCL`/`create_new`. Between the unlink and the recreate, a local attacker with write access to the destination directory can drop in a symlink and redirect the write.\n\n**Impact:** when `install` runs privileged into an attacker-writable directory (staging/build paths), the race allows redirecting writes to arbitrary files and overwriting sensitive system files (`/etc/passwd`, `/etc/shadow`). Recommendation: create atomically with `create_new`/`O_EXCL` and copy via the opened fd rather than reopening by path.\n\n**Remediation:** Acknowledged by Canonical; fixed in commit b5bbabc1.\n\n---\n_Reported by Zellic in the *uutils coreutils Program Security Assessment* (prepared for Canonical, Jan 20 2026), audited commit `3a07ffc5a9bd4c283e75afa548ba1f1957bad242`. Finding 3.50. Credit: Zellic._",
"id": "GHSA-239g-2685-54x3",
"modified": "2026-07-06T19:54:08Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T19:54:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/security/advisories/GHSA-239g-2685-54x3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/10067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/commit/b5bbabc18a1121908848d836f869a4e98eb63886"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.6.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "install: TOCTOU symlink race (unlink-then-create without O_EXCL) allows arbitrary file overwrite"
}
GHSA-23PR-9JJV-5M9H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-13 00:33 – Updated: 2025-02-13 00:33
VLAI
Details
Time-of-check time-of-use race condition for some Intel(R) Battery Life Diagnostic Tool software before version 2.4.1 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41917"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T22:15:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use race condition for some Intel(R) Battery Life Diagnostic Tool software before version 2.4.1 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-23pr-9jjv-5m9h",
"modified": "2025-02-13T00:33:06Z",
"published": "2025-02-13T00:33:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41917"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01230.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-23QQ-P4GQ-GC2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-06 00:30 – Updated: 2025-01-21 18:28
VLAI
Summary
WordOps has TOCTOU race condition
Details
WordOps through 3.20.0 has a wo/cli/plugins/stack_pref.py TOCTOU race condition because the conf_path os.open does not use a mode parameter during file creation.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "wordops"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.21.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34528"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-06T14:35:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-06T00:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "WordOps through 3.20.0 has a `wo/cli/plugins/stack_pref.py` TOCTOU race condition because the `conf_path` `os.open` does not use a mode parameter during file creation.",
"id": "GHSA-23qq-p4gq-gc2g",
"modified": "2025-01-21T18:28:26Z",
"published": "2024-05-06T00:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WordOps/WordOps/issues/611"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WordOps/WordOps/commit/31353f0fef14ad8bc1f61c028971bd30b9e1909b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/WordOps/WordOps"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WordOps/WordOps/blob/ecf20192c7853925e2cb3f8c8378cd0d86ca0d62/wo/cli/plugins/stack_pref.py#L77"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/wordops/PYSEC-2024-175.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "WordOps has TOCTOU race condition"
}
GHSA-2439-7MHV-329Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-26 18:31
VLAI
Details
NVIDIA Display Driver for Windows contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause a time-of-check time-of-use issue. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, data tampering, and code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-26T18:16:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NVIDIA Display Driver for Windows contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause a time-of-check time-of-use issue. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, data tampering, and code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-2439-7mhv-329q",
"modified": "2026-05-26T18:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T18:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5821"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-24191"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Implementation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
Implementation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
Implementation
Architecture and Design
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Implementation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.