CWE-362
Allowed-with-ReviewConcurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
3241 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6FM8-PX7C-8GM4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:31 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:31Race condition in the Health and Performance Monitoring (HPM) for ASDM feature in Cisco ASA Software 8.3 before 8.3(2.42), 8.4 before 8.4(7.11), 8.5 before 8.5(1.19), 8.6 before 8.6(1.13), 8.7 before 8.7(1.11), 9.0 before 9.0(4.8), and 9.1 before 9.1(4.5) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via TCP traffic that triggers many half-open connections at the same time, aka Bug ID CSCum00556.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-3385"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-10T10:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Race condition in the Health and Performance Monitoring (HPM) for ASDM feature in Cisco ASA Software 8.3 before 8.3(2.42), 8.4 before 8.4(7.11), 8.5 before 8.5(1.19), 8.6 before 8.6(1.13), 8.7 before 8.7(1.11), 9.0 before 9.0(4.8), and 9.1 before 9.1(4.5) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via TCP traffic that triggers many half-open connections at the same time, aka Bug ID CSCum00556.",
"id": "GHSA-6fm8-px7c-8gm4",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:31:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3385"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20141008-asa"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6FMQ-5W8G-7PM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-03 09:30 – Updated: 2025-12-16 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net_sched: ets: fix a race in ets_qdisc_change()
Gerrard Tai reported a race condition in ETS, whenever SFQ perturb timer fires at the wrong time.
The race is as follows:
CPU 0 CPU 1 [1]: lock root
[3]: unlock root | | [5]: lock root | [6]: rehash | [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() |
This can be abused to underflow a parent's qlen.
Calling qdisc_purge_queue() instead of qdisc_tree_flush_backlog() should fix the race, because all packets will be purged from the qdisc before releasing the lock.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-38107"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-03T09:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: ets: fix a race in ets_qdisc_change()\n\nGerrard Tai reported a race condition in ETS, whenever SFQ perturb timer\nfires at the wrong time.\n\nThe race is as follows:\n\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n[1]: lock root\n[2]: qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\n[3]: unlock root\n |\n | [5]: lock root\n | [6]: rehash\n | [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog()\n |\n[4]: qdisc_put()\n\nThis can be abused to underflow a parent\u0027s qlen.\n\nCalling qdisc_purge_queue() instead of qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\nshould fix the race, because all packets will be purged from the qdisc\nbefore releasing the lock.",
"id": "GHSA-6fmq-5w8g-7pm6",
"modified": "2025-12-16T18:31:29Z",
"published": "2025-07-03T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0383b25488a545be168744336847549d4a2d3d6c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/073f64c03516bcfaf790f8edc772e0cfb8a84ec3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0b479d0aa488cb478eb2e1d8868be946ac8afb4f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/347867cb424edae5fec1622712c8dd0a2c42918f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d92adacdd8c2960be856e0b82acc5b7c5395fddb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb7b74e9754e1ba2088f914ad1f57a778b11894b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fed94bd51d62d2e0e006aa61480e94e5cd0582b0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6FWC-QMRC-94W3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-11 00:02 – Updated: 2026-07-05 03:30Printix Secure Cloud Print Management 1.3.1035.0 creates a temporary file in directory with insecure permissions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25090"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-10T17:47:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Printix Secure Cloud Print Management 1.3.1035.0 creates a temporary file in directory with insecure permissions.",
"id": "GHSA-6fwc-qmrc-94w3",
"modified": "2026-07-05T03:30:46Z",
"published": "2022-03-11T00:02:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25090"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ComparedArray/printix-CVE-2022-25090"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://printix.net"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/166242/Printix-Client-1.3.1106.0-Privilege-Escalation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167012/Printix-1.3.1106.0-Privilege-Escalation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://printix.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6G9C-277P-7XW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-01 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-07 21:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
comedi: dt2815: add hardware detection to prevent crash
The dt2815 driver crashes when attached to I/O ports without actual hardware present. This occurs because syzkaller or users can attach the driver to arbitrary I/O addresses via COMEDI_DEVCONFIG ioctl.
When no hardware exists at the specified port, inb() operations return 0xff (floating bus), but outb() operations can trigger page faults due to undefined behavior, especially under race conditions:
BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000007fffff90 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page RIP: 0010:dt2815_attach+0x6e0/0x1110
Add hardware detection by reading the status register before attempting any write operations. If the read returns 0xff, assume no hardware is present and fail the attach with -ENODEV. This prevents crashes from outb() operations on non-existent hardware.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31751"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-01T15:16:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncomedi: dt2815: add hardware detection to prevent crash\n\nThe dt2815 driver crashes when attached to I/O ports without actual\nhardware present. This occurs because syzkaller or users can attach\nthe driver to arbitrary I/O addresses via COMEDI_DEVCONFIG ioctl.\n\nWhen no hardware exists at the specified port, inb() operations return\n0xff (floating bus), but outb() operations can trigger page faults due\nto undefined behavior, especially under race conditions:\n\n BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000007fffff90\n #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode\n #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page\n RIP: 0010:dt2815_attach+0x6e0/0x1110\n\nAdd hardware detection by reading the status register before attempting\nany write operations. If the read returns 0xff, assume no hardware is\npresent and fail the attach with -ENODEV. This prevents crashes from\noutb() operations on non-existent hardware.",
"id": "GHSA-6g9c-277p-7xw6",
"modified": "2026-05-07T21:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-05-01T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0dcf33994b8dcf3db36530fb7e2cf9f89e5cbac3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34b13250c618d7441508c6ef369144aa8a9b9bfa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34c8b3a91bdfbe4573650b4cd750ef639101fdc5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65c528fbeddd88478c210052f6c7b21be4973156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d63161837f1bf8810dbcd2a583c2bbf5ca6d733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93853512f565e625df2397f0d8050d6aafd7c3ad"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2a786efdb9971f2a647724625da5bbecc994dc9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5d9df8b08d68d083ac57abc2c887dfb1f31af63"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6GHC-48VX-2M7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:13 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:13In core_info_read and inst_info_read in all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, variable "dbg_buf", "dbg_buf->curr" and "dbg_buf->filled_size" could be modified by different threads at the same time, but they are not protected with mutex or locks. Buffer overflow is possible on race conditions. "buffer->curr" itself could also be overwritten, which means that it may point to anywhere of kernel memory (for write).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-12T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In core_info_read and inst_info_read in all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, variable \"dbg_buf\", \"dbg_buf-\u003ecurr\" and \"dbg_buf-\u003efilled_size\" could be modified by different threads at the same time, but they are not protected with mutex or locks. Buffer overflow is possible on race conditions. \"buffer-\u003ecurr\" itself could also be overwritten, which means that it may point to anywhere of kernel memory (for write).",
"id": "GHSA-6ghc-48vx-2m7g",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:13:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:13:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2017-12-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.codeaurora.org/buffer-overflow-msmvidc-debugfs-driver-coreinforead-and-instinforead-cve-2017-8244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98547"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6GVP-R6PG-49WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-13 00:00In stealReceiveChannel of EventThread.cpp, there is a possible way to interfere with process communication due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-12LAndroid ID: A-232541124
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-10T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In stealReceiveChannel of EventThread.cpp, there is a possible way to interfere with process communication due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-12LAndroid ID: A-232541124",
"id": "GHSA-6gvp-r6pg-49wx",
"modified": "2022-08-13T00:00:54Z",
"published": "2022-08-11T00:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2022-08-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6GVP-VCQ2-QC46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-12 12:00 – Updated: 2025-01-03 00:31Connected User Experiences and Telemetry Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38021"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-11T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Connected User Experiences and Telemetry Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-6gvp-vcq2-qc46",
"modified": "2025-01-03T00:31:07Z",
"published": "2022-10-12T12:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-38021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-38021"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6H2M-2J87-HJV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42The driver_override implementation in drivers/base/platform.c in the Linux kernel before 4.12.1 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging a race condition between a read operation and a store operation that involve different overrides.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-08T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The driver_override implementation in drivers/base/platform.c in the Linux kernel before 4.12.1 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging a race condition between a read operation and a store operation that involve different overrides.",
"id": "GHSA-6h2m-2j87-hjv5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/6265539776a0810b7ce6398c27866ddb9c6bd154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1489078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1057474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-09-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=6265539776a0810b7ce6398c27866ddb9c6bd154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.12.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100651"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6H39-QHJ9-7C95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-11 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:59Windows Clip Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35362"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-11T18:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Clip Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-6h39-qhj9-7c95",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:59:52Z",
"published": "2023-07-11T18:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-35362"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6H76-2Q8F-58J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 02:15 – Updated: 2022-05-01 02:15Race condition in Microsoft Internet Explorer allows user-assisted attackers to overwrite arbitrary files and possibly execute code by tricking a user into performing a drag-and-drop action from certain objects, such as file objects within a folder view, then predicting the drag action, and re-focusing to a malicious window.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2005-3240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2005-12-31T05:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Race condition in Microsoft Internet Explorer allows user-assisted attackers to overwrite arbitrary files and possibly execute code by tricking a user into performing a drag-and-drop action from certain objects, such as file objects within a folder view, then predicting the drag action, and re-focusing to a malicious window.",
"id": "GHSA-6h76-2q8f-58j3",
"modified": "2022-05-01T02:15:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T02:15:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2005-3240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/24648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blogs.technet.com/msrc/archive/2006/02/13/419439.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/18787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1015049"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/2707"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securiteam.com/windowsntfocus/5MP0B0UHPA.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/424863/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/424940/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/16352"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/0553"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.