CWE-346
Allowed-with-ReviewOrigin Validation Error
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
789 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3483-CG54-GPX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 21:32Inappropriate implementation in CustomTabs in Google Chrome on Android prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a local attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11278"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-05T00:17:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in CustomTabs in Google Chrome on Android prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a local attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
"id": "GHSA-3483-cg54-gpx2",
"modified": "2026-06-05T21:32:02Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T00:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11278"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/501859865"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-34PP-49C4-XQCP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-18 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-20 00:00The vulnerability causing from insufficient verification procedures for downloaded files during WebCube update. Remote attackers can bypass this verification logic to update both digitally signed and unauthorized files, enabling remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23764"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-17T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The vulnerability causing from insufficient verification procedures for downloaded files during WebCube update. Remote attackers can bypass this verification logic to update both digitally signed and unauthorized files, enabling remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-34pp-49c4-xqcp",
"modified": "2022-08-20T00:00:46Z",
"published": "2022-08-18T00:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23764"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.krcert.or.kr/krcert/secNoticeView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=66876"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3568-H36M-7JMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-23 15:30 – Updated: 2025-05-22 18:31A phishing site could have repurposed an about: dialog to show phishing content with an incorrect origin in the address bar. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 122, Firefox ESR < 115.7, and Thunderbird < 115.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0749"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-23T14:15:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A phishing site could have repurposed an `about:` dialog to show phishing content with an incorrect origin in the address bar. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 122, Firefox ESR \u003c 115.7, and Thunderbird \u003c 115.7.",
"id": "GHSA-3568-h36m-7jmf",
"modified": "2025-05-22T18:31:12Z",
"published": "2024-01-23T15:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1813463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00015.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36W4-95HV-5VWG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-08 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-08 15:33Origin Validation Error vulnerability in ninenines gun (gun_http2 module) allows cross-origin cookie injection via unvalidated HTTP/2 PUSH_PROMISE authority.
In gun_http2:push_promise_frame/7, the :authority pseudo-header from an incoming PUSH_PROMISE frame is stored verbatim into the promised stream record without checking that it matches the connection's origin. When gun_http2:headers_frame/9 later processes the response headers for the promised stream, it calls gun_cookies:set_cookie_header/7 with the unvalidated server-supplied authority before any status branching and before user code can act. This violates RFC 7540 §10.6 / RFC 9113 §8.4, which require receivers to treat as a protocol error any push for a resource the server is not authoritative for.
A malicious or compromised HTTP/2 server can plant cookies scoped to arbitrary third-party domains into the client's shared cookie store. This enables session fixation attacks against those domains and, if the planted cookie overrides a legitimate session token, may result in account takeover. No user interaction beyond making a normal HTTP/2 request to the attacker-controlled server is required.
This issue affects gun: from 2.0.0 before 2.4.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43972"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-08T15:16:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Origin Validation Error vulnerability in ninenines gun (gun_http2 module) allows cross-origin cookie injection via unvalidated HTTP/2 PUSH_PROMISE authority.\n\nIn gun_http2:push_promise_frame/7, the :authority pseudo-header from an incoming PUSH_PROMISE frame is stored verbatim into the promised stream record without checking that it matches the connection\u0027s origin. When gun_http2:headers_frame/9 later processes the response headers for the promised stream, it calls gun_cookies:set_cookie_header/7 with the unvalidated server-supplied authority before any status branching and before user code can act. This violates RFC 7540 \u00a710.6 / RFC 9113 \u00a78.4, which require receivers to treat as a protocol error any push for a resource the server is not authoritative for.\n\nA malicious or compromised HTTP/2 server can plant cookies scoped to arbitrary third-party domains into the client\u0027s shared cookie store. This enables session fixation attacks against those domains and, if the planted cookie overrides a legitimate session token, may result in account takeover. No user interaction beyond making a normal HTTP/2 request to the attacker-controlled server is required.\n\nThis issue affects gun: from 2.0.0 before 2.4.0.",
"id": "GHSA-36w4-95hv-5vwg",
"modified": "2026-06-08T15:33:00Z",
"published": "2026-06-08T15:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ninenines/gun/commit/567863ff53802fed21c3b3f25812db7f7ae29676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-43972.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-43972"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-378Q-M7X3-6F3J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43Inappropriate implementation in performance APIs in Google Chrome prior to 89.0.4389.72 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-09T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in performance APIs in Google Chrome prior to 89.0.4389.72 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-378q-m7x3-6f3j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1105875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BBT54RKAE5XLMWSHLVUKJ7T2XHHYMXLH"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FE5SIKEVYTMDCC5OSXGOM2KRPYLHYMQX"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LCIDZ77XUDMB2EBPPWCQXPEIJERDNSNT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4886"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-37FP-QC5G-VPXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53util/virlog.c in libvirt does not properly determine the hostname on LXC container startup, which allows local guest OS users to bypass an intended container protection mechanism and execute arbitrary commands via a crafted NSS module.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6764"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-23T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "util/virlog.c in libvirt does not properly determine the hostname on LXC container startup, which allows local guest OS users to bypass an intended container protection mechanism and execute arbitrary commands via a crafted NSS module.",
"id": "GHSA-37fp-qc5g-vpxr",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6764"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4137"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/libvir-list/2018-February/msg00239.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3576-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39VM-62WP-46HV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-01 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-08 21:30Incorrect security UI in Downloads in Google Chrome prior to 119.0.6045.105 allowed a remote attacker to obfuscate security UI via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5853"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-01T18:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Incorrect security UI in Downloads in Google Chrome prior to 119.0.6045.105 allowed a remote attacker to obfuscate security UI via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-39vm-62wp-46hv",
"modified": "2023-11-08T21:30:36Z",
"published": "2023-11-01T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2023/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_31.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1456876"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2MHLJRFWZNY6BFOW25Q4FEESVWZKS4C2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EBA4KD5ZSV6XWWFLVR5UBYKKNOYMH33H"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PHWLT3M2AQDFD7RNAM3NJMYUC5KHMO5V"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-34"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5546"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3C67-5HWX-F6WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-10 21:20 – Updated: 2025-01-21 17:57Impact
What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?
This vulnerability is related to CORS origin validation, where the Gradio server fails to validate the request origin when a cookie is present. This allows an attacker’s website to make unauthorized requests to a local Gradio server. Potentially, attackers can upload files, steal authentication tokens, and access user data if the victim visits a malicious website while logged into Gradio. This impacts users who have deployed Gradio locally and use basic authentication.
Patches
Yes, please upgrade to gradio>=4.44 to address this issue.
Workarounds
Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?
As a workaround, users can manually enforce stricter CORS origin validation by modifying the CustomCORSMiddleware class in their local Gradio server code. Specifically, they can bypass the condition that skips CORS validation for requests containing cookies to prevent potential exploitation.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "gradio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.44.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-10T21:20:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-10T22:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n**What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?**\n\nThis vulnerability is related to **CORS origin validation**, where the Gradio server fails to validate the request origin when a cookie is present. This allows an attacker\u2019s website to make unauthorized requests to a local Gradio server. Potentially, attackers can upload files, steal authentication tokens, and access user data if the victim visits a malicious website while logged into Gradio. This impacts users who have deployed Gradio locally and use basic authentication.\n\n### Patches\nYes, please upgrade to `gradio\u003e=4.44` to address this issue.\n\n### Workarounds\n**Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?**\n\nAs a workaround, users can manually enforce stricter CORS origin validation by modifying the `CustomCORSMiddleware` class in their local Gradio server code. Specifically, they can bypass the condition that skips CORS validation for requests containing cookies to prevent potential exploitation.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-3c67-5hwx-f6wx",
"modified": "2025-01-21T17:57:09Z",
"published": "2024-10-10T21:20:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/security/advisories/GHSA-3c67-5hwx-f6wx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47084"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/gradio/PYSEC-2024-196.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Gradios\u0027s CORS origin validation is not performed when the request has a cookie"
}
GHSA-3CF2-X423-X582
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-06 21:12 – Updated: 2022-02-09 18:28A flaw was found in podman. The podman machine function (used to create and manage Podman virtual machine containing a Podman process) spawns a gvproxy process on the host system. The gvproxy API is accessible on port 7777 on all IP addresses on the host. If that port is open on the host's firewall, an attacker can potentially use the gvproxy API to forward ports on the host to ports in the VM, making private services on the VM accessible to the network. This issue could be also used to interrupt the host's services by forwarding all ports to the VM.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containers/podman/v3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-4024"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-05T17:44:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-23T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in podman. The `podman machine` function (used to create and manage Podman virtual machine containing a Podman process) spawns a `gvproxy` process on the host system. The `gvproxy` API is accessible on port 7777 on all IP addresses on the host. If that port is open on the host\u0027s firewall, an attacker can potentially use the `gvproxy` API to forward ports on the host to ports in the VM, making private services on the VM accessible to the network. This issue could be also used to interrupt the host\u0027s services by forwarding all ports to the VM.",
"id": "GHSA-3cf2-x423-x582",
"modified": "2022-02-09T18:28:05Z",
"published": "2022-01-06T21:12:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2026675,"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/containers/podman"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containers/podman/releases/tag/v3.4.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QFFVJ6S3ZRMPDYB7KYAWEMDHXFZYQPU3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor and Origin Validation Error in podman"
}
GHSA-3CVC-F83H-VHVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:16 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:16An audio capture session can started under an incorrect origin from the site making the capture request. Users are still prompted to allow the request but the prompt can display the wrong origin, leading to user confusion about which site is making the request to capture an audio stream. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 58.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5109"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-11T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An audio capture session can started under an incorrect origin from the site making the capture request. Users are still prompted to allow the request but the prompt can display the wrong origin, leading to user confusion about which site is making the request to capture an audio stream. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 58.",
"id": "GHSA-3cvc-f83h-vhvc",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:16:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:16:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1405599"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3544-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2018-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040270"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-160: Exploit Script-Based APIs
Some APIs support scripting instructions as arguments. Methods that take scripted instructions (or references to scripted instructions) can be very flexible and powerful. However, if an attacker can specify the script that serves as input to these methods they can gain access to a great deal of functionality. For example, HTML pages support <script> tags that allow scripting languages to be embedded in the page and then interpreted by the receiving web browser. If the content provider is malicious, these scripts can compromise the client application. Some applications may even execute the scripts under their own identity (rather than the identity of the user providing the script) which can allow attackers to perform activities that would otherwise be denied to them.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-510: SaaS User Request Forgery
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, performs malicious actions against a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) application (also known as a cloud based application) by leveraging the persistent and implicit trust placed on a trusted user's session. This attack is executed after a trusted user is authenticated into a cloud service, "piggy-backing" on the authenticated session, and exploiting the fact that the cloud service believes it is only interacting with the trusted user. If successful, the actions embedded in the malicious application will be processed and accepted by the targeted SaaS application and executed at the trusted user's privilege level.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-89: Pharming
A pharming attack occurs when the victim is fooled into entering sensitive data into supposedly trusted locations, such as an online bank site or a trading platform. An attacker can impersonate these supposedly trusted sites and have the victim be directed to their site rather than the originally intended one. Pharming does not require script injection or clicking on malicious links for the attack to succeed.