CWE-346
Allowed-with-ReviewOrigin Validation Error
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
788 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-26FQ-X95V-V55J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 00:32 – Updated: 2026-04-09 15:35Inappropriate implementation in Navigation in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T22:16:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in Navigation in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
"id": "GHSA-26fq-x95v-v55j",
"modified": "2026-04-09T15:35:06Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T00:32:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/490139441"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-26G5-RWH8-QCMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-03 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:30Origin Validation Error vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk allows Forceful Browsing.This issue affects LimonDesk: from s1.02.14 before v1.02.17.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13068"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T14:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Origin Validation Error vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk allows Forceful Browsing.This issue affects LimonDesk: from s1.02.14 before v1.02.17.",
"id": "GHSA-26g5-rwh8-qcmq",
"modified": "2026-06-01T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-09-03T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0206"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28PC-JPRH-QC56
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-12 00:00Origin validation error vulnerability in NeoRS’s ActiveX moudle allows attackers to download and execute arbitrary files. Remote attackers can use this vulerability to encourage users to access crafted web pages, causing damage such as malicious code infections.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23763"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-28T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Origin validation error vulnerability in NeoRS\u2019s ActiveX moudle allows attackers to download and execute arbitrary files. Remote attackers can use this vulerability to encourage users to access crafted web pages, causing damage such as malicious code infections.",
"id": "GHSA-28pc-jprh-qc56",
"modified": "2022-07-12T00:00:56Z",
"published": "2022-06-29T00:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.krcert.or.kr/krcert/secNoticeView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=66788"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2C36-WQ4V-5V3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32A CORS misconfiguration in danswer-ai/danswer v1.4.1 allows attackers to steal sensitive information such as chat contents, API keys, and other data. This vulnerability occurs due to improper validation of the origin header, enabling malicious web pages to make unauthorized requests to the application's API.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7819"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A CORS misconfiguration in danswer-ai/danswer v1.4.1 allows attackers to steal sensitive information such as chat contents, API keys, and other data. This vulnerability occurs due to improper validation of the origin header, enabling malicious web pages to make unauthorized requests to the application\u0027s API.",
"id": "GHSA-2c36-wq4v-5v3h",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:47Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/06a21857-e13f-4cf4-aa67-de11419a98c0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2CCX-2GF3-8XVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-01-14 19:15 – Updated: 2022-07-20 17:00Impact
About our registration block
In order to protect new installations on public servers that don't have an admin account for the Panel yet, we block account registration there by default. This is a security feature, which we implemented years ago in Kirby 2. It helps to avoid that you forget registering your first admin account on a public server.
In this case – without our security block – someone else might theoretically be able to find your site, find out it's running on Kirby, find the Panel and then register the account first. It's an unlikely situation, but it's still a certain risk.
To be able to register the first Panel account on a public server, you have to enforce the installer via a config setting. This helps to push all users to the best practice of registering your first Panel account on your local machine and upload it together with the rest of the site.
The issue
As noted by Jukka Rautanen, this installation block implementation in Kirby versions before 3.3.6 still assumed that .dev domains are local domains, which is no longer true. In the meantime, those domains became publicly available. This means that our installation block is no longer working as expected if you use a .dev domain for your Kirby site.
In fixing this issue, we've also found out that the local installation check may also fail if your site is behind a reverse proxy.
Am I affected?
You are only affected if:
- you use a .dev domain or your site is behind a reverse proxy &
- you have not yet registered your first Panel account on the public server &
- someone finds your site and tries to login at
yourdomain.dev/panelbefore you register your first account.
You are not affected if you have already created one or multiple Panel accounts (no matter if on a .dev domain or behind a reverse proxy).
Patches
The problem has been patched in Kirby 2.5.14 and Kirby 3.3.6. Please update to one of these or a later version to fix the vulnerability.
Note: Kirby 2 reaches end of life on December 31, 2020. We therefore recommend to upgrade your Kirby 2 sites to Kirby 3. If you cannot upgrade, we still recommend to update to Kirby 2.5.14.
Workarounds
Kirby 2 sites on older releases can also be patched by applying the changes from this commit.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "getkirby/panel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "getkirby/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26253"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-01-14T17:55:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-08T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\n#### About our registration block\n\nIn order to protect new installations on public servers that don\u0027t have an admin account for the Panel yet, we block account registration there by default. This is a security feature, which we implemented years ago in Kirby 2. It helps to avoid that you forget registering your first admin account on a public server. \n\nIn this case \u2013 without our security block \u2013 someone else might theoretically be able to find your site, find out it\u0027s running on Kirby, find the Panel and then register the account first. It\u0027s an unlikely situation, but it\u0027s still a certain risk.\n\nTo be able to register the first Panel account on a public server, you have to enforce the installer via a config setting. This helps to push all users to the best practice of registering your first Panel account on your local machine and upload it together with the rest of the site. \n\n#### The issue\n\nAs noted by [Jukka Rautanen](https://github.com/jukra), this installation block implementation in Kirby versions before 3.3.6 still assumed that .dev domains are local domains, which is no longer true. In the meantime, those domains became publicly available. This means that our installation block is no longer working as expected if you use a .dev domain for your Kirby site.\n\nIn fixing this issue, we\u0027ve also found out that the local installation check may also fail if your site is behind a reverse proxy. \n\n#### Am I affected?\n\nYou are only affected if:\n\n1. you use a .dev domain or your site is behind a reverse proxy \u0026\n2. you have not yet registered your first Panel account on the public server \u0026 \n3. someone finds your site and tries to login at `yourdomain.dev/panel` before you register your first account.\n\nYou are not affected if you have already created one or multiple Panel accounts (no matter if on a .dev domain or behind a reverse proxy).\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in [Kirby 2.5.14](https://github.com/getkirby-v2/panel/releases/tag/2.5.14) and [Kirby 3.3.6](https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/3.3.6). Please update to one of these or a [later version](https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases) to fix the vulnerability.\n\n**Note:** Kirby 2 reaches end of life on December 31, 2020. We therefore recommend to upgrade your Kirby 2 sites to Kirby 3. If you cannot upgrade, we still recommend to update to Kirby 2.5.14.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nKirby 2 sites on older releases can also be patched by applying the [changes from this commit](https://github.com/getkirby-v2/panel/commit/7f9ac1876bacb89fd8f142f5e561a02ebb725baa).",
"id": "GHSA-2ccx-2gf3-8xvv",
"modified": "2022-07-20T17:00:39Z",
"published": "2021-01-14T19:15:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/security/advisories/GHSA-2ccx-2gf3-8xvv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26253"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby-v2/panel/commit/7f9ac1876bacb89fd8f142f5e561a02ebb725baa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/3.3.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packagist.org/packages/getkirby/cms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packagist.org/packages/getkirby/panel"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Kirby .dev domains and some reverse proxy setups were treated as local"
}
GHSA-2F2P-V9WJ-C48H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-06 00:00The authentication mechanism used by voters to activate a voting session on the tested version of Dominion Voting Systems ImageCast X is susceptible to forgery. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to print an arbitrary number of ballots without authorization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1747"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The authentication mechanism used by voters to activate a voting session on the tested version of Dominion Voting Systems ImageCast X is susceptible to forgery. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to print an arbitrary number of ballots without authorization.",
"id": "GHSA-2f2p-v9wj-c48h",
"modified": "2022-07-06T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-06-25T00:00:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-154-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2F88-5HG8-9X2X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-16 17:32 – Updated: 2023-08-15 17:39Apache Maven will follow repositories that are defined in a dependency’s Project Object Model (pom) which may be surprising to some users, resulting in potential risk if a malicious actor takes over that repository or is able to insert themselves into a position to pretend to be that repository. Maven is changing the default behavior in 3.8.1+ to no longer follow http (non-SSL) repository references by default. More details available in the referenced urls. If you are currently using a repository manager to govern the repositories used by your builds, you are unaffected by the risks present in the legacy behavior, and are unaffected by this vulnerability and change to default behavior. See this link for more information about repository management: https://maven.apache.org/repository-management.html
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.maven:maven-compat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.maven:maven-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26291"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-26T22:21:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-23T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Apache Maven will follow repositories that are defined in a dependency\u2019s Project Object Model (pom) which may be surprising to some users, resulting in potential risk if a malicious actor takes over that repository or is able to insert themselves into a position to pretend to be that repository. Maven is changing the default behavior in 3.8.1+ to no longer follow http (non-SSL) repository references by default. More details available in the referenced urls. If you are currently using a repository manager to govern the repositories used by your builds, you are unaffected by the risks present in the legacy behavior, and are unaffected by this vulnerability and change to default behavior. See this link for more information about repository management: https://maven.apache.org/repository-management.html",
"id": "GHSA-2f88-5hg8-9x2x",
"modified": "2023-08-15T17:39:29Z",
"published": "2021-06-16T17:32:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/maven/commit/899465aeec03753ea91e15a79579eab76369c016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/maven/commit/fa79cb22e456cc65522b5bab8c4240fe08c5775f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r77af3ac7c3bfbd5454546e13faf7aec21d627bdcf36c9ca240436b94@%3Cissues.karaf.apache.org%3E"
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://maven.apache.org/docs/3.8.1/release-notes.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/resources/blog/maven-security-vulnerability-cve-2021-26291"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/maven"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MNG-7116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MNG-7117"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0556ce5db7231025785477739ee416b169d8aff5ee9bac7854d64736@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
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},
{
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"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/04/23/5"
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],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Origin Validation Error in Apache Maven"
}
GHSA-2F92-W7W3-5WXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-25 09:30 – Updated: 2023-11-02 03:30Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in CBOT Chatbot allows Content Spoofing Via Application API Manipulation.This issue affects Chatbot: before Core: v4.0.3.4 Panel: v4.0.3.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2886"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1385",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-25T09:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in CBOT Chatbot allows Content Spoofing Via Application API Manipulation.This issue affects Chatbot: before Core: v4.0.3.4 Panel: v4.0.3.7.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-2f92-w7w3-5wxq",
"modified": "2023-11-02T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-05-25T09:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0293"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2GPJ-WH36-7XWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-16 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:55An issue was discovered on NOKIA Airscale ASIKA Single RAN devices before 21B. If/when CSP (as a BTS administrator) removes security hardenings from the Nokia Single RAN BTS baseband unit, the BTS baseband unit diagnostic tool AaShell (which is by default disabled) allows unauthenticated access from the mobile network solution internal BTS management network to the BTS embedded Linux operating-system level.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25188"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-16T19:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on NOKIA Airscale ASIKA Single RAN devices before 21B. If/when CSP (as a BTS administrator) removes security hardenings from the Nokia Single RAN BTS baseband unit, the BTS baseband unit diagnostic tool AaShell (which is by default disabled) allows unauthenticated access from the mobile network solution internal BTS management network to the BTS embedded Linux operating-system level.",
"id": "GHSA-2gpj-wh36-7xwf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:55:15Z",
"published": "2023-06-16T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://Nokia.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nokia.com/about-us/security-and-privacy/product-security-advisory/cve-2023-25188"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2J5M-FJJV-CJ2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2023-01-31 15:30A vulnerability exists during the installation of add-ons where the initial fetch ignored the origin attributes of the browsing context. This could leak cookies in private browsing mode or across different "containers" for people who use the Firefox Multi-Account Containers Web Extension. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 68.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11723"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-23T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists during the installation of add-ons where the initial fetch ignored the origin attributes of the browsing context. This could leak cookies in private browsing mode or across different \"containers\" for people who use the Firefox Multi-Account Containers Web Extension. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 68.",
"id": "GHSA-2j5m-fjjv-cj2h",
"modified": "2023-01-31T15:30:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1528335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201908-12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2019-21"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00009.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00011.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00017.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-160: Exploit Script-Based APIs
Some APIs support scripting instructions as arguments. Methods that take scripted instructions (or references to scripted instructions) can be very flexible and powerful. However, if an attacker can specify the script that serves as input to these methods they can gain access to a great deal of functionality. For example, HTML pages support <script> tags that allow scripting languages to be embedded in the page and then interpreted by the receiving web browser. If the content provider is malicious, these scripts can compromise the client application. Some applications may even execute the scripts under their own identity (rather than the identity of the user providing the script) which can allow attackers to perform activities that would otherwise be denied to them.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-510: SaaS User Request Forgery
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, performs malicious actions against a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) application (also known as a cloud based application) by leveraging the persistent and implicit trust placed on a trusted user's session. This attack is executed after a trusted user is authenticated into a cloud service, "piggy-backing" on the authenticated session, and exploiting the fact that the cloud service believes it is only interacting with the trusted user. If successful, the actions embedded in the malicious application will be processed and accepted by the targeted SaaS application and executed at the trusted user's privilege level.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-89: Pharming
A pharming attack occurs when the victim is fooled into entering sensitive data into supposedly trusted locations, such as an online bank site or a trading platform. An attacker can impersonate these supposedly trusted sites and have the victim be directed to their site rather than the originally intended one. Pharming does not require script injection or clicking on malicious links for the attack to succeed.