CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3476 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G3HP-F6MG-559V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 19:47 – Updated: 2026-05-29 19:47Summary
AppInstaller post-stage-1 XPC listener accepts unvalidated connections, allowing spoofed appcast item data injection.
Details
Autoupdate/AppInstaller.m's shouldAcceptNewConnection: only enforces SUCodeSigningVerifier validateConnection: before stage 1 completes. After _performedStage1Installation = YES, new connections to the registered Mach service <bundleId>-spki are accepted from any local process without team-ID or code-signing checks.
The following chain of events enables an attacker to inject a spoofed SPUSentUpdateAppcastItemData payload:
- Installer finishes unarchiving the update successfully (
_willCompleteInstallationis set). - The app responsible for updating the bundle crashes or is forcefully quit before it has a chance to send
SPUSentUpdateAppcastItemDatato the installer. There is no user interaction between the prior step and this one, so the timing window is tight. - After stage 1 of the installer is performed (
_performedStage1Installation = YES), but before final installation completes (since all services are cleaned up by then), an attacker process connects to the<bundleId>-spkiMach service - no code-signing validation is enforced - and sends a spoofedSPUSentUpdateAppcastItemDatamessage containing an attacker-craftedSUAppcastItem. - A Sparkle-aware app that checks for updates on the bundle being updated launches before installation completes. The progress agent re-broadcasts the spoofed
SUAppcastItemon its<bundleId>-spksstatus service, and the launching app displays attacker-controlled release notes (name, version, critical flag).
Note: Sparkle can be used to update other app bundles, so the "app doing the updating" and the "app being updated" are not necessarily the same bundle.
In the system-domain case (SPUUsesSystemDomainForBundlePath = true), the AppInstaller runs as root via SMJobSubmit to kSMDomainSystemLaunchd, and the Mach service is reachable by any local user process.
Affected versions: 2.x branch including 2.9.1.
Impact
A local user-level process can inject a forged SUAppcastItem (arbitrary name, version, critical flag) into the progress agent's status broadcast. Other Sparkle-aware clients on the system will display attacker-controlled release notes as authoritative installation state.
The integrity of the installed code is not affected - the bundle moved into place is the legitimate, signature-validated update from stage 1. The impact is limited to UI spoofing of installation metadata.
Remediation
Enforce SUCodeSigningVerifier validateConnection: on all new connections regardless of installation stage, or disallow SPUSentUpdateAppcastItemData after the active connection invalidates.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "SwiftURL",
"name": "github.com/sparkle-project/Sparkle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-441"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-29T19:47:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nAppInstaller post-stage-1 XPC listener accepts unvalidated connections, allowing spoofed appcast item data injection.\n\n## Details\n\n`Autoupdate/AppInstaller.m`\u0027s `shouldAcceptNewConnection:` only enforces `SUCodeSigningVerifier validateConnection:` before stage 1 completes. After `_performedStage1Installation = YES`, new connections to the registered Mach service `\u003cbundleId\u003e-spki` are accepted from any local process without team-ID or code-signing checks.\n\nThe following chain of events enables an attacker to inject a spoofed `SPUSentUpdateAppcastItemData` payload:\n\n1. Installer finishes unarchiving the update successfully (`_willCompleteInstallation` is set).\n2. The app responsible for updating the bundle crashes or is forcefully quit before it has a chance to send `SPUSentUpdateAppcastItemData` to the installer. There is no user interaction between the prior step and this one, so the timing window is tight.\n3. After stage 1 of the installer is performed (`_performedStage1Installation = YES`), but before final installation completes (since all services are cleaned up by then), an attacker process connects to the `\u003cbundleId\u003e-spki` Mach service - no code-signing validation is enforced - and sends a spoofed `SPUSentUpdateAppcastItemData` message containing an attacker-crafted `SUAppcastItem`.\n4. A Sparkle-aware app that checks for updates on the bundle being updated launches before installation completes. The progress agent re-broadcasts the spoofed `SUAppcastItem` on its `\u003cbundleId\u003e-spks` status service, and the launching app displays attacker-controlled release notes (name, version, critical flag).\n\nNote: Sparkle can be used to update other app bundles, so the \"app doing the updating\" and the \"app being updated\" are not necessarily the same bundle.\n\nIn the system-domain case (`SPUUsesSystemDomainForBundlePath = true`), the AppInstaller runs as root via `SMJobSubmit` to `kSMDomainSystemLaunchd`, and the Mach service is reachable by any local user process.\n\nAffected versions: 2.x branch including 2.9.1.\n\n## Impact\n\nA local user-level process can inject a forged `SUAppcastItem` (arbitrary name, version, critical flag) into the progress agent\u0027s status broadcast. Other Sparkle-aware clients on the system will display attacker-controlled release notes as authoritative installation state.\n\nThe integrity of the installed code is **not** affected - the bundle moved into place is the legitimate, signature-validated update from stage 1. The impact is limited to UI spoofing of installation metadata.\n\n## Remediation\n\nEnforce `SUCodeSigningVerifier validateConnection:` on all new connections regardless of installation stage, or disallow `SPUSentUpdateAppcastItemData` after the active connection invalidates.",
"id": "GHSA-g3hp-f6mg-559v",
"modified": "2026-05-29T19:47:19Z",
"published": "2026-05-29T19:47:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sparkle-project/Sparkle/security/advisories/GHSA-g3hp-f6mg-559v"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/sparkle-project/Sparkle"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Sparkle\u0027s AppInstaller post-stage-1 XPC listener accepts unvalidated connections, allowing spoofed appcast item data injection"
}
GHSA-G3M5-M9VF-94Q5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-10 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-10 18:31The Booking Calendar for Appointments and Service Businesses – Booktics plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'Extension_Controller::update_item_permissions_check' function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.16. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to install addon plugins.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1920"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T17:32:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Booking Calendar for Appointments and Service Businesses \u2013 Booktics plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027Extension_Controller::update_item_permissions_check\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.16. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to install addon plugins.",
"id": "GHSA-g3m5-m9vf-94q5",
"modified": "2026-03-10T18:31:16Z",
"published": "2026-03-10T18:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/booktics/tags/1.0.15/core/extensions/controllers/extension-controller.php#L110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3477898/booktics/trunk/core/extensions/controllers/extension-controller.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ab051f4a-030a-44aa-8cbf-665c6c6d31a7?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G3QM-G56X-8MC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 12:30 – Updated: 2025-03-11 12:30A vulnerability has been identified in SiPass integrated AC5102 (ACC-G2) (All versions < V6.4.8), SiPass integrated ACC-AP (All versions < V6.4.8). Affected devices expose several MQTT URLs without authentication. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to access sensitive data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52285"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T10:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SiPass integrated AC5102 (ACC-G2) (All versions \u003c V6.4.8), SiPass integrated ACC-AP (All versions \u003c V6.4.8). Affected devices expose several MQTT URLs without authentication. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to access sensitive data.",
"id": "GHSA-g3qm-g56x-8mc2",
"modified": "2025-03-11T12:30:58Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T12:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52285"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-515903.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G3VF-CX4M-PH4Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-11 18:31Authentication for ZLAN5143D can be bypassed by directly accessing internal URLs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T17:16:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Authentication for ZLAN5143D can be bypassed by directly accessing internal URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-g3vf-cx4m-ph4q",
"modified": "2026-02-11T18:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-02-11T18:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-041-02.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-041-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zlmcu.com/en/contact_us.htm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G459-4FQQ-MR69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30Improper Authorization vulnerability of Pepperl+Fuchs P+F Comtrol RocketLinx ES7510-XT, ES8509-XT, ES8510-XT, ES9528-XTv2, ES7506, ES7510, ES7528, ES8508, ES8508F, ES8510, ES8510-XTE, ES9528/ES9528-XT (all versions) allows unauthenticated device administration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12500"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-306",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper Authorization vulnerability of Pepperl+Fuchs P+F Comtrol RocketLinx ES7510-XT, ES8509-XT, ES8510-XT, ES9528-XTv2, ES7506, ES7510, ES7528, ES8508, ES8508F, ES8510, ES8510-XTE, ES9528/ES9528-XT (all versions) allows unauthenticated device administration.",
"id": "GHSA-g459-4fqq-mr69",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.vde.com/de-de/advisories/vde-2020-040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisory/multiple-critical-vulnerabilities-in-korenix-technology-westermo-pepperl-fuchs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/162903/Korenix-CSRF-Backdoor-Accounts-Command-Injection-Missing-Authentication.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165875/Korenix-Technology-JetWave-CSRF-Command-Injection-Missing-Authentication.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Jun/0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4HF-7Q6P-WHW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 00:30 – Updated: 2026-02-19 00:30Saturn Remote Mouse Server contains a command injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands by sending specially crafted UDP JSON frames to port 27000. Attackers on the local network can send malformed packets with unsanitized command data that the service forwards directly to OS execution functions, enabling remote code execution under the service account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27182"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-18T22:16:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Saturn Remote Mouse Server contains a command injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands by sending specially crafted UDP JSON frames to port 27000. Attackers on the local network can send malformed packets with unsanitized command data that the service forwards directly to OS execution functions, enabling remote code execution under the service account.",
"id": "GHSA-g4hf-7q6p-whw3",
"modified": "2026-02-19T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-02-19T00:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstorm.news/files/id/215835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.saturnremote.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/saturn-remote-mouse-server-udp-command-injection-rce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4M3-7QQQ-FGP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-24 21:31A Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in Pharos Controls Mosaic Show Controller firmware version 2.15.3 could allow an unauthenticated attacker to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2417"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-24T19:16:51Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in Pharos Controls Mosaic Show Controller firmware version 2.15.3 could allow an unauthenticated attacker to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-g4m3-7qqq-fgp4",
"modified": "2026-03-24T21:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-03-24T21:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-083-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4PC-GJ78-QFJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-24 00:00The Duplicator WordPress plugin before 1.4.7.1 does not authenticate or authorize visitors before displaying information about the system such as server software, php version and full file system path to the site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2552"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-22T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Duplicator WordPress plugin before 1.4.7.1 does not authenticate or authorize visitors before displaying information about the system such as server software, php version and full file system path to the site.",
"id": "GHSA-g4pc-gj78-qfjj",
"modified": "2022-08-24T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-08-23T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2552"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SecuriTrust/CVEsLab/tree/main/CVE-2022-2552"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/6b540712-fda5-4be6-ae4b-bd30a9d9d698"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G4R8-M469-X6VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-03-24 21:30The bundle management module lacks authentication and control mechanisms in some APIs. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect data confidentiality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The bundle management module lacks authentication and control mechanisms in some APIs. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect data confidentiality.",
"id": "GHSA-g4r8-m469-x6vf",
"modified": "2025-03-24T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-02-09T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2023/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202302-0000001454769474"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G54G-VXVX-GW7J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-28 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 15:30An improper access control vulnerability exists in the Cisco Intersight Device Connector for Nutanix Prism Central. The service exposes an API passthrough endpoint on TCP port 7373 that is accessible within the network scope of the deployment environment without authentication.
An unauthenticated attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted requests to the exposed endpoint to enumerate cluster metadata, including virtual machine information and cluster configuration details. While the API primarily supports read-only operations, it also allows certain cluster maintenance workflows to be invoked.
Although this vulnerability does not allow persistent modification of system configurations or access to credentials or sensitive user data, successful exploitation may result in disruption of active workloads, leading to loss of service availability within the affected environment.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5944"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-28T14:16:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An improper access control vulnerability exists in the Cisco Intersight Device Connector for Nutanix Prism Central. The service exposes an API passthrough endpoint on TCP port 7373 that is accessible within the network scope of the deployment environment without authentication.\n\n\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted requests to the exposed endpoint to enumerate cluster metadata, including virtual machine information and cluster configuration details. While the API primarily supports read-only operations, it also allows certain cluster maintenance workflows to be invoked.\n\n\n\nAlthough this vulnerability does not allow persistent modification of system configurations or access to credentials or sensitive user data, successful exploitation may result in disruption of active workloads, leading to loss of service availability within the affected environment.",
"id": "GHSA-g54g-vxvx-gw7j",
"modified": "2026-04-28T15:30:51Z",
"published": "2026-04-28T15:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5944"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.nutanix.com/alerts/Security_Advisory_0046.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.nutanix.com/page/documents/list?type=software\u0026filterKey=software\u0026filterVal=Prism"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nutanix.com/support"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:L/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.