CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3483 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5GPJ-JHMX-464R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-09 21:31COMMAX Smart Home System allows an unauthenticated attacker to change configuration and cause denial-of-service through the setconf endpoint. Attackers can trigger a denial-of-service scenario by sending a malformed request to the setconf endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47709"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T21:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "COMMAX Smart Home System allows an unauthenticated attacker to change configuration and cause denial-of-service through the setconf endpoint. Attackers can trigger a denial-of-service scenario by sending a malformed request to the setconf endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-5gpj-jhmx-464r",
"modified": "2025-12-09T21:31:48Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T21:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47709"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.commax.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/commax-smart-home-ruvie-cctv-bridge-dvr-service-config-write-dos"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2021-5666.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5GPR-3236-XVJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-18 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-18 00:30Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via IIOP to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle WebLogic Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21837"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-18T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via IIOP to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle WebLogic Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-5gpr-3236-xvjx",
"modified": "2023-01-18T00:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-01-18T00:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2023.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5GQ3-GP97-C3Q6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-04 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-04 21:31AirKeyboard iOS App 1.0.5 contains a missing authentication vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to type arbitrary keystrokes directly into the victim's iOS device in real-time without user interaction, resulting in full remote input control.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66555"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T21:16:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "AirKeyboard iOS App 1.0.5 contains a missing authentication vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to type arbitrary keystrokes directly into the victim\u0027s iOS device in real-time without user interaction, resulting in full remote input control.",
"id": "GHSA-5gq3-gp97-c3q6",
"modified": "2025-12-04T21:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-12-04T21:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://airkeyboardapp.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/air-keyboard/id6463187929"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/airkeyboard-ios-app-105-remote-input-injection"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H3V-8M6Q-48C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00Properly formatted POST requests to multiple resources on the HTTP and HTTPS web servers of the Digi PortServer TS 16 Rack device do not require authentication or authentication tokens. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to enable the SNMP service and manipulate the community strings to achieve further control in.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38412"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-17T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Properly formatted POST requests to multiple resources on the HTTP and HTTPS web servers of the Digi PortServer TS 16 Rack device do not require authentication or authentication tokens. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to enable the SNMP service and manipulate the community strings to achieve further control in.",
"id": "GHSA-5h3v-8m6q-48c4",
"modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:14:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-257-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H8M-GW93-F3W6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-05 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 15:32Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in PORTY Smart Tech Technology Joint Stock Company PowerBank Application allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects PowerBank Application: before 2.02.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1662"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-05T12:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in PORTY Smart Tech Technology Joint Stock Company PowerBank Application allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects PowerBank Application: before 2.02.",
"id": "GHSA-5h8m-gw93-f3w6",
"modified": "2026-06-05T15:32:03Z",
"published": "2024-06-05T12:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1662"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-0324"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-24-0602"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HC5-FXR9-5FRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-19 00:31 – Updated: 2025-02-21 21:43Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-qf6m-6m4g-rmrc. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Mautic allows you to update the application via an upgrade script.
The upgrade logic isn't shielded off correctly, which may lead to vulnerable situation.
This vulnerability is mitigated by the fact that Mautic needs to be installed in a certain way to be vulnerable.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "mautic/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0-beta3"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "mautic/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-19T16:06:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-18T22:15:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-qf6m-6m4g-rmrc. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n# Original Description\nMautic allows you to update the application via an upgrade script.\n\nThe upgrade logic isn\u0027t shielded off correctly, which may lead to vulnerable situation.\n\nThis vulnerability is mitigated by the fact that Mautic needs to be installed in a certain way to be vulnerable.",
"id": "GHSA-5hc5-fxr9-5frc",
"modified": "2025-02-21T21:43:09Z",
"published": "2024-09-19T00:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/security/advisories/GHSA-qf6m-6m4g-rmrc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25770"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Mautic has insufficient authentication in upgrade flow",
"withdrawn": "2025-02-21T21:43:09Z"
}
GHSA-5HP5-Q35J-VJPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 03:31setThemeRoot() failed to enforce the sap-allowed-theme-origins allowlist. An attacker-controlled absolute cross-origin URL could be stored and used directly to construct a element, even when no tag was present in the document. The same bypass was reachable via the ?sap-themeRoot URL parameter.Exploitation requires attacker-influenced input (e.g., a URL query parameter, tenant configuration, or user-supplied setting) to reach setThemeRoot(). A successful exploit allows an attacker to inject arbitrary CSS into the victim page, enabling:- UI redressing and clickjacking- Phishing overlays- Visual defacement- Limited data exfiltration via CSS attribute selectors targeting predictable DOM content
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44767"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T01:16:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "setThemeRoot() failed to enforce the sap-allowed-theme-origins allowlist. An attacker-controlled absolute cross-origin URL could be stored and used directly to construct a \u003clink rel=stylesheet\u003e element, even when no \u003cmeta name=sap-allowed-theme-origins\u003e tag was present in the document. The same bypass was reachable via the ?sap-themeRoot URL parameter.Exploitation requires attacker-influenced input (e.g., a URL query parameter, tenant configuration, or user-supplied setting) to reach setThemeRoot(). A successful exploit allows an attacker to inject arbitrary CSS into the victim page, enabling:- UI redressing and clickjacking- Phishing overlays- Visual defacement- Limited data exfiltration via CSS attribute selectors targeting predictable DOM content",
"id": "GHSA-5hp5-q35j-vjpg",
"modified": "2026-07-14T03:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T03:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/UI5/webcomponents/security/advisories/GHSA-p8gx-753q-v89p"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44767"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HX7-JRQ3-6879
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Missing authentication for critical function in Azure CycleCloud allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57969"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:17:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing authentication for critical function in Azure CycleCloud allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-5hx7-jrq3-6879",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:11Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-57969"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5J37-RF54-82Q2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 21:34 – Updated: 2026-06-17 21:34Hermes WebUI before 0.51.409 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in passkey registration endpoints that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to register arbitrary passkeys. When HERMES_WEBUI_PASSKEY=1 is enabled with no existing credentials, POST /api/auth/passkey/register/options and POST /api/auth/passkey/register endpoints are accessible without authentication, allowing attackers to claim the first passkey and gain permanent administrative control.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55196"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T19:18:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Hermes WebUI before 0.51.409 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in passkey registration endpoints that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to register arbitrary passkeys. When HERMES_WEBUI_PASSKEY=1 is enabled with no existing credentials, POST /api/auth/passkey/register/options and POST /api/auth/passkey/register endpoints are accessible without authentication, allowing attackers to claim the first passkey and gain permanent administrative control.",
"id": "GHSA-5j37-rf54-82q2",
"modified": "2026-06-17T21:34:38Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T21:34:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nesquena/hermes-webui/pull/4171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nesquena/hermes-webui/pull/4267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nesquena/hermes-webui/commit/4d90577e25d5537cb07290eca3fb8abff3bab316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nesquena/hermes-webui/releases/tag/v0.51.442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hermes-webui-unauthenticated-passkey-registration-via-authentication-bypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5JWF-GXJ6-4F88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-10 09:30 – Updated: 2025-09-10 09:30A problem with missing authorization on SolaX Cloud platform allows taking over any SolaX solarpanel inverter of which the serial number is known.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-36756"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-10T09:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A problem with missing authorization on SolaX Cloud platform allows taking over any SolaX solarpanel inverter of which the serial number is known.",
"id": "GHSA-5jwf-gxj6-4f88",
"modified": "2025-09-10T09:30:58Z",
"published": "2025-09-10T09:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36756"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2025-36756"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/DIVD-2025-00015"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:U/V:D/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.