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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-295

Allowed

Improper Certificate Validation

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

2127 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-46551 (GCVE-0-2025-46551)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 16:12 – Updated: 2025-05-07 20:17
VLAI
Title
JRuby-OpenSSL has hostname verification disabled by default
Summary
JRuby-OpenSSL is an add-on gem for JRuby that emulates the Ruby OpenSSL native library. Starting in JRuby-OpenSSL version 0.12.1 and prior to version 0.15.4 (corresponding to JRuby versions starting in 9.3.4.0 prior to 9.4.12.1 and 10.0.0.0 prior to 10.0.0.1), when verifying SSL certificates, JRuby-OpenSSL does not verify that the hostname presented in the certificate matches the one the user tries to connect to. This means a man-in-the-middle could just present any valid cert for a completely different domain they own, and JRuby would accept the cert. Anybody using JRuby to make requests of external APIs, or scraping the web, that depends on https to connect securely. JRuby-OpenSSL version 0.15.4 contains a fix for the issue. This fix is included in JRuby versions 10.0.0.1 and 9.4.12.1.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-07 20:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jruby jruby-openssl Affected: >= 0.12.1, < 0.15.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-44018 (GCVE-0-2025-44018)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-24 15:11 – Updated: 2025-11-24 17:03
VLAI
Summary
A firmware downgrade vulnerability exists in the OTA Update functionality of GL-Inet GL-AXT1800 4.7.0. A specially crafted .tar file can lead to a firmware downgrade. An attacker can perform a man-in-the-middle attack to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-24 15:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GL-Inet GL-AXT1800 Affected: 4.7.0
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Lilith &gt;_&gt; of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-42611 (GCVE-0-2025-42611)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 10:58 – Updated: 2026-05-05 12:49
VLAI
Title
Improper certificate validation in multiple RouterOS services
Summary
RouterOS provides various services that rely on correct verification of client and server certificates to secure confidentiality and integrity of communications. This includes OpenVPN, CAPsMAN, Dot1x (802.1X), among others. The vulnerability lies in shared certificate validation logic which uses the system certificate store that is shared and equally trusted by all system services. This causes confusion of scope, allowing any certificate authority present in the system-wide trust store to be trusted in any context (with some exceptions), allowing partial or full authentication bypass in CAPsMAN, OpenVPN, Dot1X and potentially others.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-05 12:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper certificate validation
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.cert.si/en/cve-2025-42611/ third-party-advisorygovernment-resource
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Mikrotik RouterOS Affected: 0 , ≤ 7.20.x (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-40896 (GCVE-0-2025-40896)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-04 13:52 – Updated: 2026-03-04 14:11
VLAI
Title
Lack of TLS certificate validation when connecting Arc to a Guardian or CMC, in Arc before v2.2.0
Summary
The server certificate was not verified when an Arc agent connected to a Guardian or CMC. A malicious actor could perform a man-in-the-middle attack and intercept the communication between the Arc agent and the Guardian or CMC. This could result in theft of the client token and sensitive information (such as assets and alerts), impersonation of the server, or injection of spoofed data (such as false asset information or vulnerabilities) into the Guardian or CMC.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-04 14:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Nozomi Networks Arc Affected: 0 , < 2.2.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:nozomi_networks:arc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-04 08:00
Credits
This issue was found by Felix Eberstaller of Limes Security during a VAPT testing session commissioned by one of our customers.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-40801 (GCVE-0-2025-40801)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 10:44 – Updated: 2026-03-10 16:07
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in COMOS V10.6 (All versions < V10.6.1), COMOS V10.6 (All versions < V10.6.1), JT Bi-Directional Translator for STEP (All versions), NX V2412 (All versions < V2412.8900 with Cloud Entitlement (bundled as NX X)), NX V2506 (All versions < V2506.6000 with Cloud Entitlement (bundled as NX X)), Simcenter 3D (All versions < V2506.6000 with Cloud Entitlement (bundled as Simcenter X Mechanical)), Simcenter Femap (All versions < V2506.0002 with Cloud Entitlement (bundled as Simcenter X Mechanical)), Simcenter Studio (All versions < V2506.0001), Simcenter System Architect (All versions < V2506.0001), Tecnomatix Plant Simulation (All versions < V2504.0007). The SALT SDK is missing server certificate validation while establishing TLS connections to the authorization server. This could allow an attacker to perform a man-in-the-middle attack.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-09 14:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-40800 (GCVE-0-2025-40800)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 10:44 – Updated: 2026-03-10 16:07
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in COMOS V10.6 (All versions < V10.6.1), COMOS V10.6 (All versions < V10.6.1), NX V2412 (All versions < V2412.8700), NX V2506 (All versions < V2506.6000), Simcenter 3D (All versions < V2506.6000), Simcenter Femap (All versions < V2506.0002), Solid Edge SE2025 (All versions < V225.0 Update 10), Solid Edge SE2026 (All versions < V226.0 Update 1). The IAM client in affected products is missing server certificate validation while establishing TLS connections to the authorization server. This could allow an attacker to perform a man-in-the-middle attack.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-09 14:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens COMOS V10.6 Affected: 0 , < V10.6.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens NX V2412 Affected: 0 , < V2412.8700 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens NX V2506 Affected: 0 , < V2506.6000 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens Simcenter 3D Affected: 0 , < V2506.6000 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens Simcenter Femap Affected: 0 , < V2506.0002 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens Solid Edge SE2025 Affected: 0 , < V225.0 Update 10 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens Solid Edge SE2026 Affected: 0 , < V226.0 Update 1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-40745 (GCVE-0-2025-40745)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 08:40 – Updated: 2026-04-14 13:38
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Siemens Software Center (All versions < V3.5.8.2), Simcenter 3D (All versions < V2506.6000), Simcenter Femap (All versions < V2506.0002), Simcenter STAR-CCM+ (All versions < V2602), Solid Edge SE2025 (All versions < V225.0 Update 13), Solid Edge SE2026 (All versions < V226.0 Update 04), Tecnomatix Plant Simulation (All versions < V2504.0008). Affected applications do not properly validate client certificates to connect to Analytics Service endpoint. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to perform man in the middle attacks.
Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-14 13:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-40744 (GCVE-0-2025-40744)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-11 20:20 – Updated: 2025-11-12 20:12
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2025 (All versions < V225.0 Update 11). Affected applications do not properly validate client certificates to connect to License Service endpoint. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to perform man in the middle attacks.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-12 20:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens Solid Edge SE2025 Affected: 0 , < V225.0 Update 11 (custom)
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CVE-2025-39205 (GCVE-0-2025-39205)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-24 12:13 – Updated: 2025-10-01 14:58
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability exists in the IEC 61850 in MicroSCADA X SYS600 product. The certificate validation of the TLS protocol allows remote Man-in-the-Middle attack due to missing proper validation.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-24 15:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Hitachi Energy MicroSCADA X SYS600 Affected: 10.3 , ≤ 10.6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2025-37730 (GCVE-0-2025-37730)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-06 17:29 – Updated: 2025-05-06 17:51
VLAI
Title
Logstash Improper Certificate Validation in TCP output
Summary
Improper certificate validation in Logstash's TCP output could lead to a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack in “client” mode, as hostname verification in TCP output was not being performed when the ssl_verification_mode => full was set.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-06 17:51 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Elastic Logstash Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.17.6 (semver)
Affected: 8.18.0 , < 8.18.1 (semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , < 9.0.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.

Mitigation
Implementation

If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.

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