CWE-288
AllowedAuthentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
1078 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-27VM-5VPJ-RP5G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-05 21:38When authentication is enabled on the Apache Camel embedded HTTP server or embedded management server (camel-platform-http-main) and a non-root context path such as /api or /admin is configured via camel.server.path or camel.management.path, the BasicAuthenticationConfigurer and JWTAuthenticationConfigurer classes derive the authentication path from properties.getPath() when camel.server.authenticationPath / camel.management.authenticationPath is not explicitly set. Combined with the Vert.x sub-router mounting model - the sub-router is mounted at path* and the authentication handler is registered inside the sub-router at the resolved path - this causes the authentication handler to match only the exact configured context path, not its subpaths. Unauthenticated requests to subpaths such as /api/route or /admin/observe/info therefore reach protected business routes and management endpoints without being challenged for credentials. The /observe/info endpoint can disclose runtime metadata such as the user, working directory, home directory, process ID, JVM and operating system information.
This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.14.1 before 4.14.6, from 4.18.0 before 4.18.2.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.0, which fixes the issue. If users are on the 4.14.x LTS releases stream, they are suggested to upgrade to 4.14.6. If users are on the 4.18.x LTS releases stream, they are suggested to upgrade to 4.18.2.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.camel:camel-platform-http-main"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.14.1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.14.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.camel:camel-platform-http-main"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.18.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.18.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.camel:camel-platform-http-main"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.20.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T21:38:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T10:16:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When authentication is enabled on the Apache Camel embedded HTTP server or embedded management server (camel-platform-http-main) and a non-root context path such as /api or /admin is configured via camel.server.path or camel.management.path, the BasicAuthenticationConfigurer and JWTAuthenticationConfigurer classes derive the authentication path from properties.getPath() when camel.server.authenticationPath / camel.management.authenticationPath is not explicitly set. Combined with the Vert.x sub-router mounting model - the sub-router is mounted at _path_* and the authentication handler is registered inside the sub-router at the resolved path - this causes the authentication handler to match only the exact configured context path, not its subpaths. Unauthenticated requests to subpaths such as /api/_route_ or /admin/observe/info therefore reach protected business routes and management endpoints without being challenged for credentials. The /observe/info endpoint can disclose runtime metadata such as the user, working directory, home directory, process ID, JVM and operating system information.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.14.1 before 4.14.6, from 4.18.0 before 4.18.2.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.0, which fixes the issue. If users are on the 4.14.x LTS releases stream, they are suggested to upgrade to 4.14.6. If users are on the 4.18.x LTS releases stream, they are suggested to upgrade to 4.18.2.",
"id": "GHSA-27vm-5vpj-rp5g",
"modified": "2026-05-05T21:38:59Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T12:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/camel/pull/22474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/camel/pull/22475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/camel/pull/22476"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/camel/commit/6ec12cbebfc1b6360cdaac1c1f8c681864911695"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/camel/commit/7b5b8c0283c0ab8d703d868ded7614018762a553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/camel/commit/a9ebee94af976ac2afd7906d2e76673067d8be86"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://camel.apache.org/security/CVE-2026-40022.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/camel"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/26/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Camel Vulnerable to Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel"
}
GHSA-289Q-CMJ5-R43X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 21:31GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 17.11 before 18.7.5, 18.8 before 18.8.5, and 18.9 before 18.9.1 that, under certain conditions, could have allowed Developer-role users with insufficient privileges to make unauthorized modifications to protected Conan packages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1747"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T21:16:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 17.11 before 18.7.5, 18.8 before 18.8.5, and 18.9 before 18.9.1 that, under certain conditions, could have allowed Developer-role users with insufficient privileges to make unauthorized modifications to protected Conan packages.",
"id": "GHSA-289q-cmj5-r43x",
"modified": "2026-02-25T21:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-02-25T21:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3533088"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/02/25/patch-release-gitlab-18-9-1-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/588385"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28C6-PJXJ-5QXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 12:30 – Updated: 2024-08-13 12:30A vulnerability in the combination of the OpenBMC's FW1050.00 through FW1050.10, FW1030.00 through FW1030.50, and FW1020.00 through FW1020.60 default password and session management allow an attacker to gain administrative access to the BMC. IBM X-Force ID: 290674.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35124"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T12:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the combination of the OpenBMC\u0027s FW1050.00 through FW1050.10, FW1030.00 through FW1030.50, and FW1020.00 through FW1020.60 default password and session management allow an attacker to gain administrative access to the BMC. IBM X-Force ID: 290674.",
"id": "GHSA-28c6-pjxj-5qxg",
"modified": "2024-08-13T12:30:53Z",
"published": "2024-08-13T12:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/290674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7163195"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-293W-8H49-X8X8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-30 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:23Shop Beat Solutions (Pty) LTD Shop Beat Media Player 2.5.95 up to 3.2.57 is vulnerable to Bypass 2FA via APIs. For Controlpanel Lite. "After login we are directly able to use the bearer token or jsession ID to access the apis instead of entering the 2FA code. Thus, leading to bypass of 2FA on API level.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36249"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-30T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Shop Beat Solutions (Pty) LTD Shop Beat Media Player 2.5.95 up to 3.2.57 is vulnerable to Bypass 2FA via APIs. For Controlpanel Lite. \"After login we are directly able to use the bearer token or jsession ID to access the apis instead of entering the 2FA code. Thus, leading to bypass of 2FA on API level.",
"id": "GHSA-293w-8h49-x8x8",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:23:41Z",
"published": "2023-05-30T21:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.shopbeat.co.za"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29F6-99CV-FJV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-25 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:20The MStore API plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in versions up to, and including, 3.9.1. This is due to insufficient verification on the user being supplied during the cart sync from mobile REST API request through the plugin. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the user id.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-25T03:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The MStore API plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in versions up to, and including, 3.9.1. This is due to insufficient verification on the user being supplied during the cart sync from mobile REST API request through the plugin. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the user id.",
"id": "GHSA-29f6-99cv-fjv5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:20:15Z",
"published": "2023-05-25T03:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mstore-api/tags/3.9.0/controllers/flutter-woo.php#L911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2915729%40mstore-api\u0026old=2913397%40mstore-api\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=#file59"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5881d16c-84e8-4610-8233-cfa5a94fe3f9?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29J3-7MHP-WMWM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-02 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-02 18:31anji-plus AJ-Report is affected by an authentication bypass vulnerability. A remote and unauthenticated attacker can append ";swagger-ui" to HTTP requests to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary Java on the victim server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7314"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-280",
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-02T17:16:41Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "anji-plus AJ-Report is affected by an authentication bypass vulnerability. A remote and unauthenticated attacker can append \";swagger-ui\" to HTTP requests to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary Java on the victim server.",
"id": "GHSA-29j3-7mhp-wmwm",
"modified": "2024-08-02T18:31:10Z",
"published": "2024-08-02T18:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/anji-plus/report/pulls/166/files"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vulhub/vulhub/tree/master/aj-report/CNVD-2024-15077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yuebusao/AJ-REPORT-EXPLOIT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vulncheck.com/advisories/aj-report-swagger"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://xz.aliyun.com/t/14460"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2C7M-FXR4-462C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-23 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:32Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a security control bypass vulnerability where the PostgREST/RLS plane accepts plaintext API keys through the capgkey header despite enforce_hashed_api_keys being enabled. Attackers can bypass org-level hashed-key enforcement by sending plaintext API keys directly to the PostgREST/RLS plane to access protected resources.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56243"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T13:16:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a security control bypass vulnerability where the PostgREST/RLS plane accepts plaintext API keys through the capgkey header despite enforce_hashed_api_keys being enabled. Attackers can bypass org-level hashed-key enforcement by sending plaintext API keys directly to the PostgREST/RLS plane to access protected resources.",
"id": "GHSA-2c7m-fxr4-462c",
"modified": "2026-06-23T15:32:36Z",
"published": "2026-06-23T15:32:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-6g74-8cpq-g2c8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56243"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capgo-hashed-api-key-enforcement-bypass-via-postgrest-rls-plane"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FGH-78WF-F9V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-07 17:34 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in WPExperts Post SMTP allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Post SMTP: from n/a through 3.2.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-07T17:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in WPExperts Post SMTP allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Post SMTP: from n/a through 3.2.0.",
"id": "GHSA-2fgh-78wf-f9v9",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:48Z",
"published": "2025-08-07T17:34:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/post-smtp/vulnerability/wordpress-post-smtp-3-2-0-privilege-escalation-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2G33-QX57-XXXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 15:31 – Updated: 2025-02-27 15:31An Authentication Bypass vulnerability has been found in Trivision Camera NC227WF v5.8.0 from TrivisionSecurity. This vulnerability allows an attacker to retrieve administrator's credentials in cleartext by sending a request against the server using curl with random credentials to "/en/player/activex_pal.asp" and successfully authenticating the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1739"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-27T13:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Authentication Bypass vulnerability has been found in Trivision Camera NC227WF v5.8.0 from TrivisionSecurity. This vulnerability allows an attacker to retrieve administrator\u0027s credentials in cleartext by sending a request against the server using curl with random credentials to \"/en/player/activex_pal.asp\" and successfully authenticating the application.",
"id": "GHSA-2g33-qx57-xxxh",
"modified": "2025-02-27T15:31:51Z",
"published": "2025-02-27T15:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-trivision-camera-nc227wf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2G9V-7MR5-FGJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 20:58 – Updated: 2026-05-13 16:26Impact
The SessionMiddleware accepts a client-supplied X-Admin-Token HTTP request header and uses its raw string value as the authenticated userID when no Kratos session cookie is present. An unauthenticated attacker who knows or can guess a target user's Kratos identity UUID can issue requests as that user. Where the target user is an organisation admin or owner, this gives the attacker full control over that organisation's DevGuard resources.
Patches
The release v1.2.2 patches this issue. Update your DevGuard API Instances to this version.
Workarounds
Configure a reverse proxy to strip the X-Admin-Token header before sending requests to the DevGuard API.
Resources
Fixed commit: https://github.com/l3montree-dev/devguard/commit/6f38310bf93b2a63df3055038f4da82b1f4e6d9a
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/l3montree-dev/devguard"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42300"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T20:58:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe `SessionMiddleware` accepts a client-supplied `X-Admin-Token` HTTP request header and uses its raw string value as the authenticated `userID` when no Kratos session cookie is present. An unauthenticated attacker who knows or can guess a target user\u0027s Kratos identity UUID can issue requests as that user. Where the target user is an organisation `admin` or `owner`, this gives the attacker full control over that organisation\u0027s DevGuard resources.\n\n### Patches\nThe release v1.2.2 patches this issue. Update your DevGuard API Instances to this version.\n\n### Workarounds\nConfigure a reverse proxy to strip the `X-Admin-Token` header before sending requests to the DevGuard API.\n\n### Resources\nFixed commit: https://github.com/l3montree-dev/devguard/commit/6f38310bf93b2a63df3055038f4da82b1f4e6d9a",
"id": "GHSA-2g9v-7mr5-fgjg",
"modified": "2026-05-13T16:26:37Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T20:58:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/l3montree-dev/devguard/security/advisories/GHSA-2g9v-7mr5-fgjg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42300"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/l3montree-dev/devguard/commit/6f38310bf93b2a63df3055038f4da82b1f4e6d9a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/l3montree-dev/devguard"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "DevGuard has an unauthenticated identity assertion via `X-Admin-Token` header"
}
Mitigation
Funnel all access through a single choke point to simplify how users can access a resource. For every access, perform a check to determine if the user has permissions to access the resource.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.