CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
10432 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q953-X475-MH65
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 00:30 – Updated: 2025-04-01 00:30A vulnerability was found in Project Worlds Online Time Table Generator 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/add_student.php. The manipulation of the argument pic leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3040"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T23:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Project Worlds Online Time Table Generator 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/add_student.php. The manipulation of the argument pic leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-q953-x475-mh65",
"modified": "2025-04-01T00:30:45Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T00:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ydnd/cve/issues/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.302102"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.302102"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.524934"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q95J-62M9-976J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:32 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Internet Directory product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OID LDAP Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via LDAP to compromise Oracle Internet Directory. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Internet Directory, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Internet Directory. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:16:56Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Internet Directory product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OID LDAP Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via LDAP to compromise Oracle Internet Directory. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Internet Directory, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Internet Directory. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-q95j-62m9-976j",
"modified": "2026-08-18T21:32:15Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T21:32:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q95J-V3X6-RPG3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-30 15:30 – Updated: 2023-05-30 15:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Abstrium Pydio Cells 4.2.0. This affects an unknown part of the component User Creation Handler. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 4.2.1 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-230211.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-30T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Abstrium Pydio Cells 4.2.0. This affects an unknown part of the component User Creation Handler. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 4.2.1 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-230211.",
"id": "GHSA-q95j-v3x6-rpg3",
"modified": "2023-05-30T15:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-05-30T15:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://popalltheshells.medium.com/multiple-cves-affecting-pydio-cells-4-2-0-321e7e4712be"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pydio.com/en/community/releases/pydio-cells/pydio-cells-enterprise-421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.230211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.230211"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q97V-764G-R2RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2017-11-16 01:47 – Updated: 2023-01-23 21:34The gollum-grit_adapter Ruby gem dependency in gollum before 3.1.1 and the gollum-lib gem dependency in gollum-lib before 4.0.1 when the string master is in any of the wiki documents, allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via the -O or --open-files-in-pager flags.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "gollum"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "gollum-lib"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-9489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:51:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-17T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The gollum-grit_adapter Ruby gem dependency in gollum before 3.1.1 and the gollum-lib gem dependency in gollum-lib before 4.0.1 when the string `master` is in any of the wiki documents, allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via the `-O` or `--open-files-in-pager` flags.",
"id": "GHSA-q97v-764g-r2rp",
"modified": "2023-01-23T21:34:16Z",
"published": "2017-11-16T01:47:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gollum/gollum/issues/913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gollum/grit_adapter/commit/4520d973c81fecfebbeacd2ef2f1849d763951c7"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gollum/gollum"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200229041306/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/71499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/01/03/19"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "gollum and gollum-lib allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code"
}
GHSA-Q99W-J4MJ-7HJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2024-04-25 23:05Contao 3.x before 3.5.37, 4.4.x before 4.4.31 and 4.6.x before 4.6.11 has Incorrect Access Control.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "contao/contao"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.5.37"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "contao/contao"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "contao/contao"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.31"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20028"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-25T23:05:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-17T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Contao 3.x before 3.5.37, 4.4.x before 4.4.31 and 4.6.x before 4.6.11 has Incorrect Access Control.",
"id": "GHSA-q99w-j4mj-7hj8",
"modified": "2024-04-25T23:05:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/contao/contao/commit/bbe5fe1d385cd1195670e2d6b972272133443c59"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://contao.org/en/news/security-vulnerability-cve-2018-20028.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Contao Information Disclosure via Access Control Flaws"
}
GHSA-Q99W-VH6V-Q3V7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 13:03 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:03Summary
In affected releases, a surviving pairing-scoped session for a device could re-establish node token authority after that node token had been revoked. Revocation should require the device to lose that authority unless it is approved again through the normal pairing flow.
This issue affects token revocation and device-role containment. It does not allow unauthenticated device creation.
Affected configurations
This affects deployments where an already paired device keeps a same-device session with pairing-related scope after its node token is revoked.
Impact
A device that should have lost node WebSocket authority could regain it without renewed approval. That weakens revocation as an operator control and can keep node-level access alive longer than intended.
The impact is limited to devices that already had a legitimate pairing/session foothold.
Patched Versions
The first stable patched version is 2026.5.26.
Mitigations
Upgrade to openclaw@2026.5.26 or later. If a node token was revoked on an older version, restart the gateway and remove/re-pair the affected device to ensure no stale session remains active.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.5.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53843"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T13:03:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nIn affected releases, a surviving pairing-scoped session for a device could re-establish node token authority after that node token had been revoked. Revocation should require the device to lose that authority unless it is approved again through the normal pairing flow.\n\nThis issue affects token revocation and device-role containment. It does not allow unauthenticated device creation.\n\n### Affected configurations\n\nThis affects deployments where an already paired device keeps a same-device session with pairing-related scope after its node token is revoked.\n\n### Impact\n\nA device that should have lost node WebSocket authority could regain it without renewed approval. That weakens revocation as an operator control and can keep node-level access alive longer than intended.\n\nThe impact is limited to devices that already had a legitimate pairing/session foothold.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.5.26`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nUpgrade to `openclaw@2026.5.26` or later. If a node token was revoked on an older version, restart the gateway and remove/re-pair the affected device to ensure no stale session remains active.",
"id": "GHSA-q99w-vh6v-q3v7",
"modified": "2026-06-18T13:03:24Z",
"published": "2026-06-18T13:03:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-q99w-vh6v-q3v7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53843"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-node-token-revocation-bypass-via-pairing-scoped-device-session"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Pairing-scoped device session could restore revoked node token authority"
}
GHSA-Q9C4-6V4R-WRMM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-01 00:31 – Updated: 2026-05-01 21:31IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, 7.3, and 7.2 s vulnerable to privilege escalation caused by an invalid IBM i Web Administration GUI authorization check. A malicious actor could cause user-controlled code to run with administrator privilege.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2311"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-30T22:16:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, 7.3, and 7.2 s vulnerable to privilege escalation caused by an invalid IBM i Web Administration GUI authorization check. \u00a0A malicious actor could cause user-controlled code to run with administrator privilege.",
"id": "GHSA-q9c4-6v4r-wrmm",
"modified": "2026-05-01T21:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-05-01T00:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7269560"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9CJ-2C8Q-CW4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:33 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:33Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and Configuration). The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.2 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-70963"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:17:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and Configuration). The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.2 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-q9cj-2c8q-cw4x",
"modified": "2026-08-18T21:33:20Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T21:33:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-70963"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9FG-H6W6-M9XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 21:32 – Updated: 2026-09-15 21:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Engineering Communication Interface). The supported version that is affected is 6.2.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with access to the physical communication segment attached to the hardware where the Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management executes to compromise Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-87262"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T20:19:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Engineering Communication Interface). The supported version that is affected is 6.2.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with access to the physical communication segment attached to the hardware where the Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management executes to compromise Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-q9fg-h6w6-m9xr",
"modified": "2026-09-15T21:32:59Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T21:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-87262"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspusep2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9FV-VQ98-P2M9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-15 21:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager Connector product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Identity Manager Connector. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Identity Manager Connector, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Identity Manager Connector accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.6 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-83023"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T20:18:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager Connector product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Identity Manager Connector. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Identity Manager Connector, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Identity Manager Connector accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.6 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-q9fv-vq98-p2m9",
"modified": "2026-09-15T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T21:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-83023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspusep2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.