CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7796 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-R9CR-HVJJ-496V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-24 00:04 – Updated: 2022-03-24 00:04Impact
All unpatched versions of Argo CD starting with v1.3.0 are vulnerable to a path traversal bug, compounded by an improper access control bug, allowing a malicious user with read-only repository access to leak sensitive files from Argo CD's repo-server.
A malicious Argo CD user who has been granted get access for a repository containing a Helm chart can craft an API request to the /api/v1/repositories/{repo_url}/appdetails endpoint to leak the contents of out-of-bounds files from the repo-server.
The malicious payload would reference an out-of-bounds file, and the contents of that file would be returned as part of the response. Contents from a non-YAML file may be returned as part of an error message. The attacker would have to know or guess the location of the target file.
Sensitive files which could be leaked include files from other Applications' source repositories (potentially decrypted files, if you are using a decryption plugin) or any secrets which have been mounted as files on the repo-server.
Patches
A patch for this vulnerability has been released in the following Argo CD versions:
- v2.3.0
- v2.2.6
- v2.1.11
The patches do two things:
1) prevent path traversal
2) limit /api/v1/repositories/{repo_url}/appdetails access to users who either A) have been granted Application create privileges or B) have been granted Application get privileges and are requesting details for a repo_url that has already been used for the given Application
Workarounds
The only certain way to avoid the vulnerability is to upgrade.
To mitigate the problem, you can
* avoid storing secrets in git
* avoid mounting secrets as files on the repo-server
* avoid decrypting secrets into files on the repo-server
* carefully limit who has get access for repositories
References
For more information
Open an issue in the Argo CD issue tracker or discussions Join us on Slack in channel #argo-cd
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-24T00:04:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-23T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nAll unpatched versions of Argo CD starting with v1.3.0 are vulnerable to a path traversal bug, compounded by an improper access control bug, allowing a malicious user with read-only repository access to leak sensitive files from Argo CD\u0027s repo-server.\n\nA malicious Argo CD user who has been granted [`get` access for a repository](https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operator-manual/rbac/#rbac-resources-and-actions) containing a Helm chart can craft an API request to the `/api/v1/repositories/{repo_url}/appdetails` endpoint to leak the contents of out-of-bounds files from the repo-server.\n\nThe malicious payload would reference an out-of-bounds file, and the contents of that file would be returned as part of the response. Contents from a non-YAML file may be returned as part of an error message. The attacker would have to know or guess the location of the target file.\n\nSensitive files which could be leaked include files from other Applications\u0027 source repositories (potentially decrypted files, if you are using a decryption plugin) or any secrets which have been mounted as files on the repo-server.\n\n### Patches\n\nA patch for this vulnerability has been released in the following Argo CD versions:\n\n* v2.3.0\n* v2.2.6\n* v2.1.11\n\nThe patches do two things:\n 1) prevent path traversal\n 2) limit `/api/v1/repositories/{repo_url}/appdetails` access to users who either A) have been granted Application `create` privileges or B) have been granted Application `get` privileges _and_ are requesting details for a `repo_url` that has already been used for the given Application\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe only certain way to avoid the vulnerability is to upgrade. \n\nTo mitigate the problem, you can \n* avoid storing secrets in git\n* avoid mounting secrets as files on the repo-server\n* avoid decrypting secrets into files on the repo-server\n* carefully [limit who has `get` access for repositories](https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operator-manual/rbac/#rbac-resources-and-actions)\n\n### References\n\n* [Security documentation for the repo-server component](https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operator-manual/security/#git-helm-repositories)\n* [Argo CD RBAC configuration documentation](https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operator-manual/rbac/#)\n\n### For more information\n\nOpen an issue in [the Argo CD issue tracker](https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/issues) or [discussions](https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/discussions)\nJoin us on [Slack](https://argoproj.github.io/community/join-slack) in channel #argo-cd\n",
"id": "GHSA-r9cr-hvjj-496v",
"modified": "2022-03-24T00:04:03Z",
"published": "2022-03-24T00:04:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/security/advisories/GHSA-r9cr-hvjj-496v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24730"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Path traversal and improper access control allows leaking out-of-bound files from Argo CD repo-server"
}
GHSA-R9G7-MXMV-GJG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-07 12:30 – Updated: 2025-07-07 12:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Online Note Sharing 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /dashboard/userprofile.php of the component Profile Image Handler. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7124"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-07T11:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Online Note Sharing 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /dashboard/userprofile.php of the component Profile Image Handler. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-r9g7-mxmv-gjg8",
"modified": "2025-07-07T12:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-07-07T12:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yihaofuweng/cve/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.315036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.315036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.605925"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R9JQ-VWJM-MMC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:14 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:14The web interface in Cisco FireSIGHT Management Center 5.3.1.4 allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary system policies via modified parameters in a POST request, aka Bug ID CSCuu25390.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-4302"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-08-19T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The web interface in Cisco FireSIGHT Management Center 5.3.1.4 allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary system policies via modified parameters in a POST request, aka Bug ID CSCuu25390.",
"id": "GHSA-r9jq-vwjm-mmc4",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:14:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:14:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-4302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/viewAlert.x?alertId=40432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1033279"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-R9Q2-82FQ-2493
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-09 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-09 09:31There is an Access Control Vulnerability in some HikCentral Professional versions. This could allow an unauthenticated user to obtain the admin permission.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1749"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-09T09:16:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "There is an Access Control Vulnerability in some HikCentral Professional versions. This could allow an unauthenticated user to obtain the admin permission.",
"id": "GHSA-r9q2-82fq-2493",
"modified": "2026-05-09T09:31:44Z",
"published": "2026-05-09T09:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hikvision.com/en/support/cybersecurity/security-advisory/security-vulnerability-in-hikcentral-professional"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R9QV-22JM-XQJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:03 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:03An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Qualcomm media codecs could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of a privileged process. This issue is rated as High because it could be used to gain local access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.10, Kernel-3.18. Android ID: A-29421682. References: QC-CR#1055792.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6761"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-12T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Qualcomm media codecs could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of a privileged process. This issue is rated as High because it could be used to gain local access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.10, Kernel-3.18. Android ID: A-29421682. References: QC-CR#1055792.",
"id": "GHSA-r9qv-22jm-xqjj",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:03:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:03:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-12-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94677"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R9WP-QQ53-QVJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-18 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-19 20:30A flaw has been found in mingSoft MCMS 6.1.1. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /ms/file/uploadTemplate.do of the component Template Archive Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument File can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "net.mingsoft:ms-mcms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "6.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2666"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-19T20:30:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-18T20:18:37Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in mingSoft MCMS 6.1.1. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /ms/file/uploadTemplate.do of the component Template Archive Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument File can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-r9wp-qq53-qvjx",
"modified": "2026-02-19T20:30:51Z",
"published": "2026-02-18T21:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chujianxin0101/vuln/issues/11"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ming-soft/MCMS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.346463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.753243"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "mingSoft MCMS does not properly restrict file uploads"
}
GHSA-R9XW-RPFR-VGG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-11 15:32 – Updated: 2025-08-11 15:32A vulnerability was identified in code-projects eBlog Site 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /native/admin/save-slider.php of the component File Upload Module. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-8859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-11T15:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in code-projects eBlog Site 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /native/admin/save-slider.php of the component File Upload Module. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-r9xw-rpfr-vgg8",
"modified": "2025-08-11T15:32:42Z",
"published": "2025-08-11T15:32:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unjoke/newvul/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319399"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.319399"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.628112"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RC56-RJ3F-XGGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-07 18:30Gitea versions before 1.25.5 do not use the migration HTTP transport for LFS push and sync mirror operations, bypassing the configured migration transport protections for those LFS requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26292"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-03T21:16:58Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Gitea versions before 1.25.5 do not use the migration HTTP transport for LFS push and sync mirror operations, bypassing the configured migration transport protections for those LFS requests.",
"id": "GHSA-rc56-rj3f-xggf",
"modified": "2026-07-07T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-07-03T21:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.25.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RC6G-2HRC-G238
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-26 15:30HCL Aftermarket DPC is affected by Missing Functional Level Access Control which will allow attacker to escalate his privileges and may compromise the application and may steal and manipulate the data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T14:16:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HCL Aftermarket DPC is affected by Missing Functional Level Access Control which will allow attacker to escalate his privileges and may compromise the application and may steal and manipulate the data.",
"id": "GHSA-rc6g-2hrc-g238",
"modified": "2026-03-26T15:30:40Z",
"published": "2026-03-26T15:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0129793"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RC6Q-M4XM-XJRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 00:34 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31Insufficient policy enforcement in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak cross-origin data via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14003"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak cross-origin data via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-rc6q-m4xm-xjrm",
"modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T00:34:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0175352312.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/514503077"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.