CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PGPF-M8M4-6CG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-12 14:07 – Updated: 2026-03-12 14:07Impact
Affected versions of Winter CMS allowed authenticated backend users to escalate their accounts level of access to the system by modifying the roles / permissions assigned to their account through specially crafted requests to the backend while logged in.
To actively exploit this security issue, an attacker would need access to the Backend with a user account with any level of access.
The Winter CMS maintainers strongly recommend that all Winter CMS sites that have any reliance on the roles & permissions system to update immediately. Security fixes have been backported to all major versions of Winter (1.0, 1.1, and 1.2).
Patches
Multiple fixes and defence in depth has been applied to prevent current and future privilege escalation attacks at the lowest level possible.
This security issue has been fixed as of https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.0.477, https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.1.12, https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.2.12.
Workarounds
If you cannot upgrade, you may apply the changes from the releases to your Winter CMS installation manually to resolve this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "winter/wn-backend-module"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "winter/wn-backend-module"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "winter/wn-backend-module"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.477"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27591"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-639",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-12T14:07:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T22:16:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Impact\nAffected versions of Winter CMS allowed authenticated backend users to escalate their accounts level of access to the system by modifying the roles / permissions assigned to their account through specially crafted requests to the backend while logged in.\n\nTo actively exploit this security issue, an attacker would need access to the Backend with a user account with any level of access.\n\nThe Winter CMS maintainers strongly recommend that all Winter CMS sites that have any reliance on the roles \u0026 permissions system to update immediately. Security fixes have been backported to all major versions of Winter (1.0, 1.1, and 1.2).\n\n## Patches\nMultiple fixes and defence in depth has been applied to prevent current and future privilege escalation attacks at the lowest level possible.\n\nThis security issue has been fixed as of https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.0.477, https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.1.12, https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.2.12.\n\n## Workarounds\nIf you cannot upgrade, you may apply the changes from the releases to your Winter CMS installation manually to resolve this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-pgpf-m8m4-6cg6",
"modified": "2026-03-12T14:07:39Z",
"published": "2026-03-12T14:07:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wintercms/winter/security/advisories/GHSA-pgpf-m8m4-6cg6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27591"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/wintercms/winter"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.0.477"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.1.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wintercms.com/releases/v1.2.12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Winter vulnerable to privilege escalation by authenticated backend users"
}
GHSA-PGWP-HXRW-PR48
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:24Improper access control vulnerability in Settings prior to SMR Jul-2023 Release 1 allows physical attacker to use restricted user profile to access device owner's google account data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30641"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T03:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control vulnerability in Settings prior to SMR Jul-2023 Release 1 allows physical attacker to use restricted user profile to access device owner\u0026#39;s google account data.",
"id": "GHSA-pgwp-hxrw-pr48",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:24:24Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T03:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=07"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PGXV-HPMC-WX6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-26 15:30 – Updated: 2024-12-26 15:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in 1000 Projects Portfolio Management System MCA 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /update_ach.php. The manipulation of the argument ach_certy leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12954"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-26T14:15:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in 1000 Projects Portfolio Management System MCA 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /update_ach.php. The manipulation of the argument ach_certy leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-pgxv-hpmc-wx6x",
"modified": "2024-12-26T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-12-26T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://1000projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dawatermelon/CVE/blob/main/Portfolio%20Management%20System%20MCA%20Project/README5.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.289317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.289317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.468772"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-PH2J-5HXQ-GXRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:19 – Updated: 2024-02-09 19:04The node module API in Drupal 5.x before 5.11 allows remote attackers to bypass node validation and have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors related to contributed modules.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-4793"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-09T19:04:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2008-10-29T15:31:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The node module API in Drupal 5.x before 5.11 allows remote attackers to bypass node validation and have unspecified other impact via unknown vectors related to contributed modules.",
"id": "GHSA-ph2j-5hxq-gxrr",
"modified": "2024-02-09T19:04:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:19:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-4793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/45763"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/drupal/drupal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20090302033759/http://secunia.com/advisories/32200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://drupal.org/node/318706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2008/10/21/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Drupal Node Validation Bypass in the node module API"
}
GHSA-PH38-CMG3-W56J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-16 21:32 – Updated: 2024-05-16 21:32Improper access control in Intel(R) Power Gadget software for Windows all versions may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1220",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-16T21:15:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Intel(R) Power Gadget software for Windows all versions may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-ph38-cmg3-w56j",
"modified": "2024-05-16T21:32:00Z",
"published": "2024-05-16T21:32:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01037.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PH46-7FPG-MQX8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-13 15:30 – Updated: 2024-06-13 15:30Dell SCG, versions prior to 5.24.00.00, contain an Improper Access Control vulnerability in the SCG exposed for internal email and collection settings REST APIs (if enabled by Admin user from UI). A remote low privileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the execution of certain APIs applicable only for Admin Users on the application's backend database that could potentially allow an unauthorized user access to restricted resources and change of state.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28968"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-13T15:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell SCG, versions prior to 5.24.00.00, contain an Improper Access Control vulnerability in the SCG exposed for internal email and collection settings REST APIs (if enabled by Admin user from UI). A remote low privileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the execution of certain APIs applicable only for Admin Users on the application\u0027s backend database that could potentially allow an unauthorized user access to restricted resources and change of state.",
"id": "GHSA-ph46-7fpg-mqx8",
"modified": "2024-06-13T15:30:37Z",
"published": "2024-06-13T15:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000225910/dsa-2024-181-security-update-for-dell-secure-connect-gateway-application-and-appliance-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PH4Q-4R95-MWF9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-19 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-19 18:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in zhenfeng13 My-BBS 1.0. This affects the function Upload of the file src/main/java/com/my/bbs/controller/common/UploadController.java of the component Endpoint. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-19T17:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in zhenfeng13 My-BBS 1.0. This affects the function Upload of the file src/main/java/com/my/bbs/controller/common/UploadController.java of the component Endpoint. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-ph4q-4r95-mwf9",
"modified": "2025-04-19T18:30:50Z",
"published": "2025-04-19T18:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caigo8/CVE-md/blob/main/My-bbs/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.305661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.305661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.555258"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-PH5R-GX4P-5JCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in tvOS 26, watchOS 26, visionOS 26, macOS Tahoe 26, iOS 26 and iPadOS 26. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43317"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T23:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in tvOS 26, watchOS 26, visionOS 26, macOS Tahoe 26, iOS 26 and iPadOS 26. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.",
"id": "GHSA-ph5r-gx4p-5jcw",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:31Z",
"published": "2025-09-16T00:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/57"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/58"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PH5R-WPP4-CGH6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:37The 404 to 301 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to missing capability checks on the open_redirect & save_redirect functions in versions up to, and including, 3.0.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers to view, create and edit redirections.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-4338"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T02:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The 404 to 301 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to missing capability checks on the open_redirect \u0026 save_redirect functions in versions up to, and including, 3.0.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers to view, create and edit redirections.",
"id": "GHSA-ph5r-wpp4-cgh6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:37:53Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T03:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4338"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/broken-access-control-vulnerability-fixed-in-wordpress-404-to-301-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2546695/404-to-301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/9f147107-bc5a-4a01-9979-cd9e16061f12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/wordpress-plugin-404-to-301-redirect-log-and-notify-404-errors-security-bypass-3-0-7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/05d6b27f-b1e5-4bb8-b7db-f8295a5e0d5b?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PH6M-HPJ9-2JHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-10 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-10 18:31Improper access control in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25176"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T18:18:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-ph6m-hpj9-2jhp",
"modified": "2026-03-10T18:31:20Z",
"published": "2026-03-10T18:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-25176"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.