Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

7803 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PCXQ-4X45-227M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 06:31 – Updated: 2025-12-17 06:31
VLAI
Details

An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability affects certain ASUS motherboards using Intel B460, B560, B660, B760, H410, H510, H610, H470, Z590, Z690, Z790, W480, W680 series chipsets. Exploitation requires physical access to internal expansion slots to install a specially crafted device and supporting software utility, and may lead to uncontrolled resource consumption that increases the risk of unauthorized direct memory access (DMA). Refer to the 'Security Update for UEFI firmware' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.

Severity
7.0 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11901"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T05:16:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability affects certain ASUS motherboards using\u00a0Intel  B460, B560, B660, B760, H410, H510, H610, H470, Z590, Z690, Z790, W480, W680 series chipsets. Exploitation requires physical access to internal expansion slots to install a specially crafted device and supporting software utility, and may lead to uncontrolled resource consumption that increases the risk of unauthorized direct memory access (DMA).\nRefer to the \u0027Security Update for UEFI firmware\u0027 section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.",
  "id": "GHSA-pcxq-4x45-227m",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T06:31:24Z",
  "published": "2025-12-17T06:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11901"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/security-advisory"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PF3F-6CWQ-WV9H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:09 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:09
VLAI
Details

The User Profile Picture WordPress plugin before 2.6.0 was affected by an IDOR issue, allowing users with the upload_image capability (by default author and above) to change and delete the profile pictures of other users (including those with higher roles).

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-24473"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-639"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-02T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The User Profile Picture WordPress plugin before 2.6.0 was affected by an IDOR issue, allowing users with the upload_image capability (by default author and above) to change and delete the profile pictures of other users (including those with higher roles).",
  "id": "GHSA-pf3f-6cwq-wv9h",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:09:38Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:09:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24473"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/79982ea9-4733-4b1e-a43e-17629c1136de"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PF4X-PH8G-3VVH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-05 18:30 – Updated: 2025-08-05 21:31
VLAI
Details

Incorrect access control in CaricaVerbale in Agenzia Impresa Eccobook v2.81.1 allows authenticated attackers with low-level access to escalate privileges to Administrator.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-51627"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-05T18:15:33Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect access control in CaricaVerbale in Agenzia Impresa Eccobook v2.81.1 allows authenticated attackers with low-level access to escalate privileges to Administrator.",
  "id": "GHSA-pf4x-ph8g-3vvh",
  "modified": "2025-08-05T21:31:37Z",
  "published": "2025-08-05T18:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-51627"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/CapgeminiCisRedTeam/Disclosure/blob/main/CVE%20PoC/CVE-2025-51627%20%7C%20Eccobook.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://agenziaimpresa.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://eccobook.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PF55-FJ96-XF37

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-31 18:04 – Updated: 2024-01-31 20:25
VLAI
Summary
@lobehub/chat vulnerable to unauthorized access to plugins
Details

Description:

When the application is password-protected (deployed with the ACCESS_CODE option), it is possible to access plugins without proper authorization (without password).

Proof-of-Concept:

Let’s suppose that application has been deployed with following command: sudo docker run -d -p 3210:3210 -e OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-[REDACTED] -e ACCESS_CODE=TEST123 --name lobe-chat lobehub/lobe-chat Due to the utilization of the ACCESS_CODE, access to the chat is possible only after entering the password:

image

However, it is possible to interact with chat plugins without entering the ACCESS_CODE. Example HTTP request:

POST /api/plugin/gateway HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3210
Content-Length: 1276

{"apiName":"checkWeatherUsingGET","arguments":"{\n  \"location\": \"London\"\n}","identifier":"WeatherGPT","type":"default","manifest":{"api":[{"description":"Get current weather information","name":"checkWeatherUsingGET","parameters":{"properties":{"location":{"type":"string"}},"required":["location"],"type":"object"}}],"homepage":"https://weathergpt.vercel.app/legal","identifier":"WeatherGPT","meta":{"avatar":"https://openai-collections.chat-plugin.lobehub.com/weather-gpt/logo.webp","description":"Get current weather information for a specific location.","title":"WeatherGPT"},"openapi":"https://openai-collections.chat-plugin.lobehub.com/weather-gpt/openapi.json","systemRole":"Use the WeatherGPT plugin to automatically fetch current weather information for a specific location when it's being generated by the ChatGPT assistant. The plugin will return weather data, including temperature, wind speed, humidity, and other relevant information, as well as a link to a page that has all the information. Links will always be returned and should be shown to the user. The weather data can be used to provide users with up-to-date and accurate weather information for their desired location.","type":"default","version":"1","settings":{"properties":{},"type":"object"}}}

HTTP response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
[...]
{"location":{"name":"London","region":"City of London, Greater London","country":"United Kingdom","lat":51.52,"lon":-0.11,"tz_id":"Europe/London","localtime_epoch":1706379026,"localtime":"2024-01-27 18:10"},"current":{"last_updated_epoch":1706378400,"last_updated":"2024-01-27 18:00","temp_c":6,"temp_f":42.8,"is_day":0,"condition":{"text":"Clear","icon":"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/113.png","code":1000},"wind_mph":4.3,"wind_kph":6.8,"wind_degree":170,"wind_dir":"S","pressure_mb":1031,"pressure_in":30.45,"precip_mm":0,"precip_in":0,"humidity":81,"cloud":0,"feelslike_c":3.8,"feelslike_f":38.9,"vis_km":10,"vis_miles":6,"uv":1,"gust_mph":9.5,"gust_kph":15.3},"infoLink":"https://weathergpt.vercel.app/London"}

Remediation:

Verify the ACCESS_CODE for HTTP requests to the /api/plugin/: route.

Impact:

Unauthorized access to plugins.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.122.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@lobehub/chat"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.122.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-24566"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-31T18:04:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-31T17:15:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "###\tDescription:\nWhen the application is password-protected (deployed with the `ACCESS_CODE` option), it is possible to access plugins without proper authorization (without password).\n###\tProof-of-Concept:\nLet\u2019s suppose that application has been deployed with following command:\n```sudo docker run -d -p 3210:3210   -e OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-[REDACTED] -e ACCESS_CODE=TEST123   --name lobe-chat   lobehub/lobe-chat```\nDue to the utilization of the `ACCESS_CODE`,  access to the chat is possible only after entering the password:\n \n![image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dastaj/assets/main/others/image.png)\n\n\nHowever, it is possible to interact with chat plugins without entering the `ACCESS_CODE`. \nExample HTTP request:\n```\nPOST /api/plugin/gateway HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:3210\nContent-Length: 1276\n\n{\"apiName\":\"checkWeatherUsingGET\",\"arguments\":\"{\\n  \\\"location\\\": \\\"London\\\"\\n}\",\"identifier\":\"WeatherGPT\",\"type\":\"default\",\"manifest\":{\"api\":[{\"description\":\"Get current weather information\",\"name\":\"checkWeatherUsingGET\",\"parameters\":{\"properties\":{\"location\":{\"type\":\"string\"}},\"required\":[\"location\"],\"type\":\"object\"}}],\"homepage\":\"https://weathergpt.vercel.app/legal\",\"identifier\":\"WeatherGPT\",\"meta\":{\"avatar\":\"https://openai-collections.chat-plugin.lobehub.com/weather-gpt/logo.webp\",\"description\":\"Get current weather information for a specific location.\",\"title\":\"WeatherGPT\"},\"openapi\":\"https://openai-collections.chat-plugin.lobehub.com/weather-gpt/openapi.json\",\"systemRole\":\"Use the WeatherGPT plugin to automatically fetch current weather information for a specific location when it\u0027s being generated by the ChatGPT assistant. The plugin will return weather data, including temperature, wind speed, humidity, and other relevant information, as well as a link to a page that has all the information. Links will always be returned and should be shown to the user. The weather data can be used to provide users with up-to-date and accurate weather information for their desired location.\",\"type\":\"default\",\"version\":\"1\",\"settings\":{\"properties\":{},\"type\":\"object\"}}}\n```\nHTTP response:\n```\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\n[...]\n{\"location\":{\"name\":\"London\",\"region\":\"City of London, Greater London\",\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"lat\":51.52,\"lon\":-0.11,\"tz_id\":\"Europe/London\",\"localtime_epoch\":1706379026,\"localtime\":\"2024-01-27 18:10\"},\"current\":{\"last_updated_epoch\":1706378400,\"last_updated\":\"2024-01-27 18:00\",\"temp_c\":6,\"temp_f\":42.8,\"is_day\":0,\"condition\":{\"text\":\"Clear\",\"icon\":\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/113.png\",\"code\":1000},\"wind_mph\":4.3,\"wind_kph\":6.8,\"wind_degree\":170,\"wind_dir\":\"S\",\"pressure_mb\":1031,\"pressure_in\":30.45,\"precip_mm\":0,\"precip_in\":0,\"humidity\":81,\"cloud\":0,\"feelslike_c\":3.8,\"feelslike_f\":38.9,\"vis_km\":10,\"vis_miles\":6,\"uv\":1,\"gust_mph\":9.5,\"gust_kph\":15.3},\"infoLink\":\"https://weathergpt.vercel.app/London\"}\n```\n###\tRemediation:\nVerify the `ACCESS_CODE` for HTTP requests to the `/api/plugin/:` route.\n\n###\tImpact:\nUnauthorized access to plugins.",
  "id": "GHSA-pf55-fj96-xf37",
  "modified": "2024-01-31T20:25:37Z",
  "published": "2024-01-31T18:04:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/security/advisories/GHSA-pf55-fj96-xf37"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24566"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat/commit/2184167f09ab68e4efa051ee984ea0c4e7c48fbd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@lobehub/chat vulnerable to unauthorized access to plugins"
}

GHSA-PF58-6RW7-W4P4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-10 18:30
VLAI
Details

Improper access control in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-21238"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T18:16:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-pf58-6rw7-w4p4",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T18:30:41Z",
  "published": "2026-02-10T18:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21238"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-21238"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PF6V-RV2J-CJH3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 21:32 – Updated: 2025-08-21 21:32
VLAI
Details

Improper access control in Azure Databricks allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53763"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-21T20:15:43Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in Azure Databricks allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-pf6v-rv2j-cjh3",
  "modified": "2025-08-21T21:32:07Z",
  "published": "2025-08-21T21:32:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53763"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53763"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PF9F-7GG3-QGQ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 21:30 – Updated: 2025-07-08 21:30
VLAI
Details

ColdFusion versions 2025.2, 2023.14, 2021.20 and earlier are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could lead to application denial-of-service. A high-privileged attacker could exploit this vulnerability to disrupt the availability of the application. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction and scope is unchanged. The vulnerable component is restricted to internal IP addresses.

Severity
2.4 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-49546"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T21:15:27Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "ColdFusion versions 2025.2, 2023.14, 2021.20 and earlier are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could lead to application denial-of-service. A high-privileged attacker could exploit this vulnerability to disrupt the availability of the application. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction and scope is unchanged. The vulnerable component is restricted to internal IP addresses.",
  "id": "GHSA-pf9f-7gg3-qgq3",
  "modified": "2025-07-08T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-07-08T21:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49546"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/coldfusion/apsb25-69.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PFH7-4G75-MR83

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:26
VLAI
Details

cPanel before 74.0.0 allows arbitrary zone file modifications during record edits (SEC-426).

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-20890"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-01T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "cPanel before 74.0.0 allows arbitrary zone file modifications during record edits (SEC-426).",
  "id": "GHSA-pfh7-4g75-mr83",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:26:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:51:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20890"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/74+Change+Log"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://news.cpanel.com/cpanel-tsr-2018-0004-full-disclosure"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PFJC-CFQC-87F5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-23 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-23 21:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw has been found in ShuoRen Smart Heating Integrated Management Platform 1.0.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /MP/Service/Webservice/ExampleNodeService.asmx. Executing a manipulation of the argument File can lead to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-3025"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-23T21:19:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw has been found in ShuoRen Smart Heating Integrated Management Platform 1.0.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /MP/Service/Webservice/ExampleNodeService.asmx. Executing a manipulation of the argument File can lead to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfjc-cfqc-87f5",
  "modified": "2026-02-23T21:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-02-23T21:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3025"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.756376"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PFJF-5GXR-995X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-01 01:29 – Updated: 2026-06-06 00:22
VLAI
Summary
Gradio has an Open Redirect in its OAuth Flow
Details

Summary

The _redirect_to_target() function in Gradio's OAuth flow accepts an unvalidated _target_url query parameter, allowing redirection to arbitrary external URLs. This affects the /logout and /login/callback endpoints on Gradio apps with OAuth enabled (i.e. apps running on Hugging Face Spaces with gr.LoginButton).

Details


  def _redirect_to_target(request, default_target="/"):
      target = request.query_params.get("_target_url", default_target)
      return RedirectResponse(target)  # No validation

An attacker can craft a URL like https://my-space.hf.space/logout?_target_url=https://evil.com/phishing that redirects the user to an external site after logout. Because the URL originates from a trusted hf.space domain, users are more likely to trust the link.

Impact

Phishing — an attacker can use the trusted domain to redirect users to a malicious site. No direct data exposure or server-side impact.

## Fix The _target_url parameter is now sanitized to only use the path, query, and fragment, stripping any scheme or host.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "gradio"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28415"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-330",
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-01T01:29:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-27T22:16:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "# Summary\n\nThe _redirect_to_target() function in Gradio\u0027s OAuth flow accepts an unvalidated _target_url query parameter, allowing redirection to arbitrary external URLs. This affects the /logout and /login/callback endpoints on Gradio apps with OAuth enabled (i.e. apps running on Hugging Face Spaces with gr.LoginButton).\n\n## Details\n\n```python\n\n  def _redirect_to_target(request, default_target=\"/\"):\n      target = request.query_params.get(\"_target_url\", default_target)\n      return RedirectResponse(target)  # No validation\n```\n  An attacker can craft a URL like https://my-space.hf.space/logout?_target_url=https://evil.com/phishing that redirects the user to an external site after logout. Because the URL originates from a trusted hf.space domain, users are more likely to trust the link.\n\n## Impact\n\nPhishing \u2014 an attacker can use the trusted domain to redirect users to a malicious site. No direct data exposure or server-side impact.\n\n ## Fix\nThe _target_url parameter is now sanitized to only use the path, query, and fragment, stripping any scheme or host.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfjf-5gxr-995x",
  "modified": "2026-06-06T00:22:30Z",
  "published": "2026-03-01T01:29:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/security/advisories/GHSA-pfjf-5gxr-995x"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28415"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/commit/dfee0da06d0aa94b3c2684131e7898d5d5c1911e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/releases/tag/gradio%406.6.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/gradio/PYSEC-2026-65.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Gradio has an Open Redirect in its OAuth Flow"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.

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