CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8431 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9W8F-7WGR-2H7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-03 20:42 – Updated: 2021-12-03 15:37kimai2 is vulnerable to Improper Access Control
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "kevinpapst/kimai2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.16.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-639",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-03T15:37:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-01T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "kimai2 is vulnerable to Improper Access Control",
"id": "GHSA-9w8f-7wgr-2h7g",
"modified": "2021-12-03T15:37:45Z",
"published": "2021-12-03T20:42:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kevinpapst/kimai2/commit/ff9acab0fc81f0e9490462739ef15fe4ab028ea5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kevinpapst/kimai2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/a0c438fb-c8e1-40cf-acc6-c8a532b80b93"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "kimai2 is vulnerable to Improper Access Control"
}
GHSA-9W97-9RQX-8V4J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-02 12:30 – Updated: 2024-07-08 19:43Mattermost fails to update the permissions of the current session for a user who was just demoted to guest, allowing freshly demoted guests to change group names.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.1.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50333"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-03T21:42:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-02T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Mattermost fails to update the permissions of the current session for a user who was just demoted to guest, allowing\u00a0freshly demoted guests to change group names.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-9w97-9rqx-8v4j",
"modified": "2024-07-08T19:43:52Z",
"published": "2024-01-02T12:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/61dd452fb2fcd3ac6f7b2e050f7f0a93a92d95fc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost allows demoted guests to change group names"
}
GHSA-9WC2-6RPJ-5XF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Data Integrator product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Patchset Assistant). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Data Integrator. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Data Integrator accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60320"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Data Integrator product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Patchset Assistant). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Data Integrator. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Data Integrator accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-9wc2-6rpj-5xf3",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WGH-M22W-9XJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 15:52 – Updated: 2026-07-20 21:17Summary
The public shared-view relation endpoints accepted a caller-supplied column ID without verifying that the column was visible in the shared view, so anyone holding a share UUID could read links from any LTAR column on the view's table — including columns the view owner had hidden.
Details
publicMmList, publicHmList, and relDataList already ensured that the
requested column belonged to the view's model, but did not check the
view-column entry's show flag. All three handlers now also fetch the
shared view's column entries and reject the request unless the matching
entry has show=true. The four public relation routes covered by the fix
are:
GET /api/v2/public/shared-view/:uuid/rows/:rowId/mm/:columnId(many-to-many)GET /api/v2/public/shared-view/:uuid/rows/:rowId/hm/:columnId(has-many)GET /api/v2/public/shared-view/:uuid/rows/:rowId/{ln,om}/:columnId(links / one-to-many — both share the many-to-many handler)GET /api/v2/public/shared-view/:uuid/nested/:columnId(form/gallery picker)
Impact
Anyone holding a share UUID could enumerate the full set of linked records
for any hidden LTAR column on the view's table by calling the relation
endpoint directly, even when the same column was correctly omitted from the
public /rows response.
Credit
This issue was reported by @leduckhuong.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.05.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "nocodb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.05.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47279"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-05T15:52:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T21:16:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe public shared-view relation endpoints accepted a caller-supplied column\nID without verifying that the column was visible in the shared view, so\nanyone holding a share UUID could read links from any LTAR column on the\nview\u0027s table \u2014 including columns the view owner had hidden.\n\n### Details\n`publicMmList`, `publicHmList`, and `relDataList` already ensured that the\nrequested column belonged to the view\u0027s model, but did not check the\nview-column entry\u0027s `show` flag. All three handlers now also fetch the\nshared view\u0027s column entries and reject the request unless the matching\nentry has `show=true`. The four public relation routes covered by the fix\nare:\n\n- `GET /api/v2/public/shared-view/:uuid/rows/:rowId/mm/:columnId` (many-to-many)\n- `GET /api/v2/public/shared-view/:uuid/rows/:rowId/hm/:columnId` (has-many)\n- `GET /api/v2/public/shared-view/:uuid/rows/:rowId/{ln,om}/:columnId`\n (links / one-to-many \u2014 both share the many-to-many handler)\n- `GET /api/v2/public/shared-view/:uuid/nested/:columnId` (form/gallery\n picker)\n\n### Impact\nAnyone holding a share UUID could enumerate the full set of linked records\nfor any hidden LTAR column on the view\u0027s table by calling the relation\nendpoint directly, even when the same column was correctly omitted from the\npublic `/rows` response.\n\n### Credit\nThis issue was reported by [@leduckhuong](https://github.com/leduckhuong).",
"id": "GHSA-9wgh-m22w-9xj8",
"modified": "2026-07-20T21:17:05Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T15:52:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb/security/advisories/GHSA-9wgh-m22w-9xj8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47279"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb/releases/tag/2026.05.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "NocoDB: Hidden LTAR Column Exposure in Public Shared-View Relation Endpoints"
}
GHSA-9WJ2-4HCM-R74J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-03 14:52 – Updated: 2025-10-13 15:10Summary
phpMyFAQ does not enforce uniqueness of email addresses during user registration. This allows multiple distinct accounts to be created with the same email. Because email is often used as an identifier for password resets, notifications, and administrative actions, this flaw can cause account ambiguity and, in certain configurations, may lead to privilege escalation or account takeover.
Details
An account management logic flaw in phpMyFAQ allows attackers to register multiple accounts under the same email address. If email is used for password reset or administrative flows, this may result in account takeover, loss of accountability, and abuse of business logic.
PoC
1.Register a user with email test@example.com
2.Register another user with the same email.
3.Both accounts appear in /admin/?action=user&user_action=listallusers.
Impact
-Data integrity loss: Multiple accounts mapped to one email break auditability. -Password reset ambiguity: If reset flow relies on email only, attackers can target or take over accounts. -Privilege escalation: If one account with the same email has admin privileges, an attacker controlling the email may escalate. -Spam / DoS: Attackers can mass-register accounts with a single email to pollute the system.
This is a business logic / authentication vulnerability. Impacted users are anyone relying on phpMyFAQ’s account system where email is assumed to be unique.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "thorsten/phpmyfaq"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.7"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59943"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-286"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-03T14:52:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-03T21:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nphpMyFAQ does not enforce uniqueness of email addresses during user registration. This allows multiple distinct accounts to be created with the same email. Because email is often used as an identifier for password resets, notifications, and administrative actions, this flaw can cause account ambiguity and, in certain configurations, may lead to privilege escalation or account takeover.\n\n### Details\nAn account management logic flaw in phpMyFAQ allows attackers to register multiple accounts under the same email address. If email is used for password reset or administrative flows, this may result in account takeover, loss of accountability, and abuse of business logic.\n### PoC\n\n1.Register a user with email test@example.com\n2.Register another user with the same email.\n3.Both accounts appear in /admin/?action=user\u0026user_action=listallusers.\n\u003cimg width=\"1150\" height=\"628\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8c19f01a-e897-4ca7-b3f8-fcf83e6ff952\" /\u003e\n\n### Impact\n\n-Data integrity loss: Multiple accounts mapped to one email break auditability.\n-Password reset ambiguity: If reset flow relies on email only, attackers can target or take over accounts.\n-Privilege escalation: If one account with the same email has admin privileges, an attacker controlling the email may escalate.\n-Spam / DoS: Attackers can mass-register accounts with a single email to pollute the system.\n\nThis is a business logic / authentication vulnerability. Impacted users are anyone relying on phpMyFAQ\u2019s account system where email is assumed to be unique.",
"id": "GHSA-9wj2-4hcm-r74j",
"modified": "2025-10-13T15:10:22Z",
"published": "2025-10-03T14:52:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thorsten/phpMyFAQ/security/advisories/GHSA-9wj2-4hcm-r74j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thorsten/phpMyFAQ/commit/44cd20f86eb041f39d1c30a9beefad1cc61dc0ec"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/thorsten/phpMyFAQ"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "phpMyFAQ duplicate email registration allows multiple accounts with the same email"
}
GHSA-9WJ5-W226-R39M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-04 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 09:30Incorrect Access Control in ITB-GmbH TradePro v9.5, allows remote attackers to receive all order confirmations from the online shop via the printmail plugin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-36644"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-04T09:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect Access Control in ITB-GmbH TradePro v9.5, allows remote attackers to receive all order confirmations from the online shop via the printmail plugin.",
"id": "GHSA-9wj5-w226-r39m",
"modified": "2024-04-04T09:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-04-04T09:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caffeinated-labs/CVE-2023-36644"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WJF-94H3-R4RH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-17 00:00 – Updated: 2024-01-11 19:17Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.3-p2 (and earlier), 2.3.7-p3 (and earlier) and 2.4.4 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to impact the availability of a user's minor feature. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.7-p4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.4"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.3-p3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-11T19:17:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-16T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.3-p2 (and earlier), 2.3.7-p3 (and earlier) and 2.4.4 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to impact the availability of a user\u0027s minor feature. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-9wjf-94h3-r4rh",
"modified": "2024-01-11T19:17:07Z",
"published": "2022-08-17T00:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2/commit/246d524b7586af2245092008e0d92b8d6fdd8523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2/commit/5548bc64b5bc904346c0af9193a7fbb5274b4efa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2/commit/5f07eba878296a37bd5c3a2baecad48948547594"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb22-38.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Magento Improper Access Control vulnerability"
}
GHSA-9WPX-369G-Q6X2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:23 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:23Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle CRM Technical Foundation component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.1 through 12.1.3 and 12.2.3 through 12.2.6 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5589"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-25T14:31:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle CRM Technical Foundation component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.1 through 12.1.3 and 12.2.3 through 12.2.6 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-9wpx-369g-q6x2",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:23:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:23:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93694"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037038"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WPX-F5QR-7RCR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-23 18:32 – Updated: 2025-05-23 18:32When installing Tenable Network Monitor to a non-default location on a Windows host, Tenable Network Monitor versions prior to 6.5.1 did not enforce secure permissions for sub-directories. This could allow for local privilege escalation if users had not secured the directories in the non-default installation location.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24916"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-23T16:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When installing Tenable Network Monitor to a non-default location on a Windows host, Tenable Network Monitor versions prior to 6.5.1 did not enforce secure permissions for sub-directories. This could allow for local privilege escalation if users had not secured the directories in the non-default installation location.",
"id": "GHSA-9wpx-f5qr-7rcr",
"modified": "2025-05-23T18:32:13Z",
"published": "2025-05-23T18:32:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2025-10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WRR-8R6V-7FMX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-02 21:30 – Updated: 2023-11-02 21:30NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Windows contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer, where an unprivileged regular user can cause improper access control, which may lead to denial of service or data tampering.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-02T19:15:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Windows contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer, where an unprivileged regular user can cause improper access control, which may lead to denial of service or data tampering.",
"id": "GHSA-9wrr-8r6v-7fmx",
"modified": "2023-11-02T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-11-02T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5491"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.