Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

8431 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-9VCG-JGPF-M557

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:13
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE X204RNA (HSR) (All versions < V3.2.7), SCALANCE X204RNA (PRP) (All versions < V3.2.7), SCALANCE X204RNA EEC (HSR) (All versions < V3.2.7), SCALANCE X204RNA EEC (PRP) (All versions < V3.2.7), SCALANCE X204RNA EEC (PRP/HSR) (All versions < V3.2.7). The webserver of an affected device is missing specific security headers. This could allow an remote attacker to extract confidential session information under certain circumstances.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-46354"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE X204RNA (HSR) (All versions \u003c V3.2.7), SCALANCE X204RNA (PRP) (All versions \u003c V3.2.7), SCALANCE X204RNA EEC (HSR) (All versions \u003c V3.2.7), SCALANCE X204RNA EEC (PRP) (All versions \u003c V3.2.7), SCALANCE X204RNA EEC (PRP/HSR) (All versions \u003c V3.2.7). The webserver of an affected device is missing specific security headers. This could allow an remote attacker to extract confidential session information under certain circumstances.",
  "id": "GHSA-9vcg-jgpf-m557",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:13:52Z",
  "published": "2022-12-13T18:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46354"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-363821.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9VJF-JCJ2-PVFH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 21:32
VLAI
Details

Conditions administration did not consistently enforce tokens and component/mapped-item permissions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-63280"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-22T21:18:09Z",
    "severity": null
  },
  "details": "Conditions administration did not consistently enforce tokens and component/mapped-item permissions.",
  "id": "GHSA-9vjf-jcj2-pvfh",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T21:32:09Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T21:32:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63280"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://regularlabs.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-9VJW-9RQ2-R5R7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-07 03:32 – Updated: 2025-02-07 18:31
VLAI
Details

Incorrect access control in the endpoint /admin/m_delete.php of CodeAstro Complaint Management System v1.0 allows unauthorized attackers to arbitrarily delete complaints via modification of the id parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-56889"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-06T22:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect access control in the endpoint /admin/m_delete.php of CodeAstro Complaint Management System v1.0 allows unauthorized attackers to arbitrarily delete complaints via modification of the id parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-9vjw-9rq2-r5r7",
  "modified": "2025-02-07T18:31:20Z",
  "published": "2025-02-07T03:32:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56889"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vigneshr232/CVE-2024-56889/blob/main/CVE-2024-56889.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9VR4-WF8M-8M69

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:50 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:14
VLAI
Details

pyxtrlock 0.3 and earlier is affected by: Incorrect Access Control. The impact is: False locking impression when run in a non-X11 session. The fixed version is: 0.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-1010316"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-11T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "pyxtrlock 0.3 and earlier is affected by: Incorrect Access Control. The impact is: False locking impression when run in a non-X11 session. The fixed version is: 0.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-9vr4-wf8m-8m69",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:14:53Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:50:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1010316"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/leonnnn/pyxtrlock/issues/21"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9VVH-2768-C8VP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 18:58 – Updated: 2026-03-13 18:58
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Discord guild reaction ingress could bypass users and roles allowlists
Details

Summary

In affected versions of openclaw, Discord reaction ingestion for guild channels did not enforce the same member users and roles allowlist checks used for normal inbound guild messages. A non-allowlisted guild member could still trigger reaction events that were accepted and queued as trusted system events for the target session.

Impact

This is an authorization bypass in the Discord allowlist path. Reaction text could be injected into downstream session context even when the reacting guild member was not permitted by the configured users or roles allowlist.

Affected Packages and Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected versions: < 2026.3.11
  • Fixed in: 2026.3.11

Technical Details

The reaction ingress authorization path enforced DM, group, guild, and channel policy checks, but it did not apply the member-level users and roles allowlist gate that normal guild-message preflight uses. Accepted reactions were then enqueued as trusted system events for the routed session.

Fix

OpenClaw now applies the same users and roles allowlist enforcement to guild reaction ingress that it already applies to normal inbound guild messages. The fix shipped in openclaw@2026.3.11.

Workarounds

Upgrade to 2026.3.11 or later.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-13T18:58:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nIn affected versions of `openclaw`, Discord reaction ingestion for guild channels did not enforce the same member users and roles allowlist checks used for normal inbound guild messages. A non-allowlisted guild member could still trigger reaction events that were accepted and queued as trusted system events for the target session.\n\n## Impact\nThis is an authorization bypass in the Discord allowlist path. Reaction text could be injected into downstream session context even when the reacting guild member was not permitted by the configured users or roles allowlist.\n\n## Affected Packages and Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected versions: `\u003c 2026.3.11`\n- Fixed in: `2026.3.11`\n\n## Technical Details\nThe reaction ingress authorization path enforced DM, group, guild, and channel policy checks, but it did not apply the member-level users and roles allowlist gate that normal guild-message preflight uses. Accepted reactions were then enqueued as trusted system events for the routed session.\n\n## Fix\nOpenClaw now applies the same users and roles allowlist enforcement to guild reaction ingress that it already applies to normal inbound guild messages. The fix shipped in `openclaw@2026.3.11`.\n\n## Workarounds\nUpgrade to `2026.3.11` or later.",
  "id": "GHSA-9vvh-2768-c8vp",
  "modified": "2026-03-13T18:58:21Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T18:58:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-9vvh-2768-c8vp"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.3.11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Discord guild reaction ingress could bypass users and roles allowlists"
}

GHSA-9VWF-54M9-GC4F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 14:32 – Updated: 2022-08-11 19:17
VLAI
Summary
snipe-it is vulnerable to Improper Access Control
Details

snipe-it prior to version 5.3.4 is vulnerable to Improper Access Control. Regular users with DENY set to all models permissions can still view model information via the /models/{id}/clone endpoint due to no authorize('view') permission being set.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "snipe/snipe-it"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.3.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-4089"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-15T15:21:35Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-10T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "snipe-it prior to version 5.3.4 is vulnerable to Improper Access Control. Regular users with `DENY` set to all models permissions can still view model information via the /models/{id}/clone endpoint due to no authorize(\u0027view\u0027) permission being set.",
  "id": "GHSA-9vwf-54m9-gc4f",
  "modified": "2022-08-11T19:17:54Z",
  "published": "2021-12-16T14:32:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4089"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/snipe/snipe-it/commit/1699c09758e56f740437674a8d6ba36443399f24"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/snipe/snipe-it"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/19453ef1-4d77-4cff-b7e8-1bc8f3af0862"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "snipe-it is vulnerable to Improper Access Control"
}

GHSA-9W2C-9WM9-HVCG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:05 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:05
VLAI
Details

The _prolog_error function in slurmd/req.c in Slurm before 15.08.13, 16.x before 16.05.7, and 17.x before 17.02.0-pre4 has a vulnerability in how the slurmd daemon informs users of a Prolog failure on a compute node. That vulnerability could allow a user to assume control of an arbitrary file on the system. Any exploitation of this is dependent on the user being able to cause or anticipate the failure (non-zero return code) of a Prolog script that their job would run on. This issue affects all Slurm versions from 0.6.0 (September 2005) to present. Workarounds to prevent exploitation of this are to either disable your Prolog script, or modify it such that it always returns 0 ("success") and adjust it to set the node as down using scontrol instead of relying on the slurmd to handle that automatically. If you do not have a Prolog set you are unaffected by this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-10030"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-01-05T11:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The _prolog_error function in slurmd/req.c in Slurm before 15.08.13, 16.x before 16.05.7, and 17.x before 17.02.0-pre4 has a vulnerability in how the slurmd daemon informs users of a Prolog failure on a compute node. That vulnerability could allow a user to assume control of an arbitrary file on the system. Any exploitation of this is dependent on the user being able to cause or anticipate the failure (non-zero return code) of a Prolog script that their job would run on. This issue affects all Slurm versions from 0.6.0 (September 2005) to present. Workarounds to prevent exploitation of this are to either disable your Prolog script, or modify it such that it always returns 0 (\"success\") and adjust it to set the node as down using scontrol instead of relying on the slurmd to handle that automatically. If you do not have a Prolog set you are unaffected by this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-9w2c-9wm9-hvcg",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T03:05:21Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:05:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10030"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SchedMD/slurm/commit/92362a92fffe60187df61f99ab11c249d44120ee"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95299"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9W2J-5CV7-9786

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-30 00:00
VLAI
Details

The setup program for the affected product configures its files and folders with full access, which may allow unauthorized users permission to replace original binaries and achieve privilege escalation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43986"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276",
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-20T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The setup program for the affected product configures its files and folders with full access, which may allow unauthorized users permission to replace original binaries and achieve privilege escalation.",
  "id": "GHSA-9w2j-5cv7-9786",
  "modified": "2022-04-30T00:00:48Z",
  "published": "2022-04-21T00:00:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43986"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-109-03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9W5H-W86F-P4CW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:56 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:56
VLAI
Details

Reset to default settings may occur in Lenovo ThinkServer TSM RD350, RD450, RD550, RD650, TD350 during a prolonged broadcast storm in TSM versions earlier than 3.77.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-8236"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-03-03T18:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Reset to default settings may occur in Lenovo ThinkServer TSM RD350, RD450, RD550, RD650, TD350 during a prolonged broadcast storm in TSM versions earlier than 3.77.",
  "id": "GHSA-9w5h-w86f-p4cw",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:56:02Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:56:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8236"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/solutions/LEN-9307"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9W82-GM38-254C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-26 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-26 09:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was determined in code-projects Online Examination System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin_pic.php. Executing a manipulation can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1423"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-26T07:16:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was determined in code-projects Online Examination System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin_pic.php. Executing a manipulation can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
  "id": "GHSA-9w82-gm38-254c",
  "modified": "2026-01-26T09:30:18Z",
  "published": "2026-01-26T09:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://code-projects.org"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/geo-chen/code-projects/blob/main/Online%20Examination%20System%20In%20PHP%20With%20Source%20Code.md#finding-3-remote-code-execution-via-unsafe-file-upload"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.342839"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.342839"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.736607"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.