CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7799 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-648M-F972-JCC9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:31Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability where write-scoped API keys can directly mutate protected channel configuration fields through PostgREST by exploiting a null authentication check in the immutability trigger. Attackers with write API keys can modify sensitive channel attributes such as public, allow_emulator, and security-related flags outside intended application routes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56335"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T15:16:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability where write-scoped API keys can directly mutate protected channel configuration fields through PostgREST by exploiting a null authentication check in the immutability trigger. Attackers with write API keys can modify sensitive channel attributes such as public, allow_emulator, and security-related flags outside intended application routes.",
"id": "GHSA-648m-f972-jcc9",
"modified": "2026-07-10T15:31:40Z",
"published": "2026-07-10T15:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-ph9c-vwjq-pqhj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capgo-channel-configuration-mutation-via-write-scoped-api-keys"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-648P-MGRM-RPW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-12 00:00Improper access control vulnerability in DofViewer prior to SMR Jun-2022 Release 1 allows attackers to control floating system alert window.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30715"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-07T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control vulnerability in DofViewer prior to SMR Jun-2022 Release 1 allows attackers to control floating system alert window.",
"id": "GHSA-648p-mgrm-rpw6",
"modified": "2022-06-12T00:00:47Z",
"published": "2022-06-08T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30715"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-64G6-XPC2-JFRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-30 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-30 21:30Incorrect access control in the Web management interface in Each Italy Wireless Mini Router WIRELESS-N 300M v28K.MiniRouter.20190211 allows attackers to arbitrarily change the administrator username and password via sending a crafted GET request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63422"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-30T19:16:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect access control in the Web management interface in Each Italy Wireless Mini Router WIRELESS-N 300M v28K.MiniRouter.20190211 allows attackers to arbitrarily change the administrator username and password via sending a crafted GET request.",
"id": "GHSA-64g6-xpc2-jfrj",
"modified": "2025-10-30T21:30:46Z",
"published": "2025-10-30T21:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/5ulfur/security-advisories/tree/main/CVE-2025-63422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://imgur.com/a/X9DNOBj"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-64H7-7273-JW5G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-11 15:32 – Updated: 2025-04-11 18:31An app may be able to break out of its sandbox. This issue is fixed in iOS 17 and iPadOS 17, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7, macOS Sonoma 14, macOS Ventura 13.6, macOS Monterey 12.7. The issue was addressed with improved handling of caches.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42969"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-11T15:15:44Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An app may be able to break out of its sandbox. This issue is fixed in iOS 17 and iPadOS 17, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7, macOS Sonoma 14, macOS Ventura 13.6, macOS Monterey 12.7. The issue was addressed with improved handling of caches.",
"id": "GHSA-64h7-7273-jw5g",
"modified": "2025-04-11T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-04-11T15:32:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120337"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120950"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-64J4-V439-GCM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the Oracle Unified Directory product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OUD Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via RMI to compromise Oracle Unified Directory. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Unified Directory. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46774"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:53:54Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Unified Directory product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OUD Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via RMI to compromise Oracle Unified Directory. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Unified Directory. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-64j4-v439-gcm2",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:27Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-64Q2-RQ62-QQ2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:09 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:09Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended restrictions on JavaScript API execution via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3061, CVE-2015-3062, CVE-2015-3063, CVE-2015-3064, CVE-2015-3065, CVE-2015-3066, CVE-2015-3067, CVE-2015-3068, CVE-2015-3069, CVE-2015-3071, CVE-2015-3072, CVE-2015-3073, and CVE-2015-3074.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-3060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-05-13T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended restrictions on JavaScript API execution via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3061, CVE-2015-3062, CVE-2015-3063, CVE-2015-3064, CVE-2015-3065, CVE-2015-3066, CVE-2015-3067, CVE-2015-3068, CVE-2015-3069, CVE-2015-3071, CVE-2015-3072, CVE-2015-3073, and CVE-2015-3074.",
"id": "GHSA-64q2-rq62-qq2m",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:09:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:09:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/reader/apsb15-10.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/74604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-15-208"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-64QX-VPXX-MVQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 16:43 – Updated: 2026-03-06 01:00Summary
In OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.12, the gateway accepted an untrusted sessionFile path when resolving the session transcript file. This could allow an authenticated gateway client to create and append OpenClaw session transcript records at an arbitrary path on the gateway host.
Affected Versions
- Affected: openclaw
< 2026.2.12 - Patched: openclaw
>= 2026.2.12(recommended:>= 2026.2.13)
Impact
An authenticated gateway client could influence where the gateway writes transcript data by supplying sessionFile outside of the sessions directory. Depending on deployment and filesystem permissions, this may enable arbitrary file creation and repeated appends, leading to configuration corruption and/or denial of service.
This issue does not, by itself, provide a proven remote code execution path.
Fix
The transcript path is now constrained to the sessions directory via resolveSessionFilePath(...) containment checks.
Fix commits: - 4199f9889f0c307b77096a229b9e085b8d856c26 - (compat) 25950bcbb8ba4d8cde002557f6e27c219ae4deda
Credits
Thanks to @tubadeligoz for the report.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28459"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-23",
"CWE-284",
"CWE-73",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-17T16:43:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T22:16:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nIn OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.12, the gateway accepted an untrusted `sessionFile` path when resolving the session transcript file. This could allow an authenticated gateway client to create and append OpenClaw session transcript records at an arbitrary path on the gateway host.\n\n## Affected Versions\n\n- Affected: openclaw `\u003c 2026.2.12`\n- Patched: openclaw `\u003e= 2026.2.12` (recommended: `\u003e= 2026.2.13`)\n\n## Impact\n\nAn authenticated gateway client could influence where the gateway writes transcript data by supplying `sessionFile` outside of the sessions directory. Depending on deployment and filesystem permissions, this may enable arbitrary file creation and repeated appends, leading to configuration corruption and/or denial of service.\n\nThis issue does not, by itself, provide a proven remote code execution path.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe transcript path is now constrained to the sessions directory via `resolveSessionFilePath(...)` containment checks.\n\nFix commits:\n- 4199f9889f0c307b77096a229b9e085b8d856c26\n- (compat) 25950bcbb8ba4d8cde002557f6e27c219ae4deda\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @tubadeligoz for the report.",
"id": "GHSA-64qx-vpxx-mvqf",
"modified": "2026-03-06T01:00:19Z",
"published": "2026-02-17T16:43:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-64qx-vpxx-mvqf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28459"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/25950bcbb8ba4d8cde002557f6e27c219ae4deda"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/4199f9889f0c307b77096a229b9e085b8d856c26"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.2.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arbitrary-file-write-via-untrusted-sessionfile-path"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw has an arbitrary transcript path file write via gateway sessionFile"
}
GHSA-64X5-55RW-9974
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-29 23:34 – Updated: 2023-08-29 23:34Impact
Improper cross-site credential checks on /files/ URLs could allow exposure of certain file contents, or accessing files when opening untrusted files via "Open image in new tab".
Patches
Jupyter Server 2.7.2
Workarounds
Use lower performance --ContentsManager.files_handler_class=jupyter_server.files.handlers.FilesHandler, which implements the correct checks.
References
Upstream patch for CVE-2019-9644 was not applied completely, leaving part of the vulnerability open.
Vulnerability reported by Tim Coen via the bug bounty program sponsored by the European Commission and hosted on the Intigriti platform.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "jupyter-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40170"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-306",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-29T23:34:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-28T21:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nImproper cross-site credential checks on `/files/` URLs could allow exposure of certain file contents, or accessing files when opening untrusted files via \"Open image in new tab\".\n\n### Patches\n\nJupyter Server 2.7.2\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUse lower performance `--ContentsManager.files_handler_class=jupyter_server.files.handlers.FilesHandler`, which implements the correct checks.\n\n### References\n\nUpstream patch for CVE-2019-9644 was not applied completely, leaving part of the vulnerability open.\n\nVulnerability reported by Tim Coen via the [bug bounty program](https://app.intigriti.com/programs/jupyter/jupyter/detail) [sponsored by the European Commission](https://commission.europa.eu/news/european-commissions-open-source-programme-office-starts-bug-bounties-2022-01-19_en) and hosted on the [Intigriti platform](https://www.intigriti.com/).",
"id": "GHSA-64x5-55rw-9974",
"modified": "2023-08-29T23:34:09Z",
"published": "2023-08-29T23:34:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server/security/advisories/GHSA-64x5-55rw-9974"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server/commit/87a4927272819f0b1cae1afa4c8c86ee2da002fd"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/jupyter-server/PYSEC-2023-157.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NRP7DNZYVOIA4ZB3U3ZWKTFZEPYWNGCQ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XDKQAWQN6SQTOVACZNXYKEHWQXGG4DOF"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "cross-site inclusion (XSSI) of files in jupyter-server"
}
GHSA-6523-C2P9-HGJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 12:30 – Updated: 2023-03-24 06:30A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester E-Commerce System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /ecommerce/admin/user/controller.php?action=edit of the component Username Handler. The manipulation of the argument USERID leads to improper access controls. The attack may be launched remotely. VDB-223550 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester E-Commerce System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /ecommerce/admin/user/controller.php?action=edit of the component Username Handler. The manipulation of the argument USERID leads to improper access controls. The attack may be launched remotely. VDB-223550 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-6523-c2p9-hgjx",
"modified": "2023-03-24T06:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T12:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.223550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.223550"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6536-QJRP-PX99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:47 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:47The auto-provisioning mechanism in the Grandstream Wave app 1.0.1.26 and earlier for Android and Grandstream Video IP phones allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof provisioning data and consequently modify device functionality, obtain sensitive information from system logs, and have unspecified other impact by leveraging failure to use an HTTPS session for downloading configuration files from http://fm.grandstream.com/gs/.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1518"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-21T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The auto-provisioning mechanism in the Grandstream Wave app 1.0.1.26 and earlier for Android and Grandstream Video IP phones allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof provisioning data and consequently modify device functionality, obtain sensitive information from system logs, and have unspecified other impact by leveraging failure to use an HTTPS session for downloading configuration files from http://fm.grandstream.com/gs/.",
"id": "GHSA-6536-qjrp-px99",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:47:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:47:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1518"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rt-solutions.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CVE-2016-1518-insecure-provisioning.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136280/Grandstream-Wave-1.0.1.26-Man-In-The-Middle.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/537818/100/0/threaded"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.