CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7803 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-528Q-7XPC-4JCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-13 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32The Restrict User Access – Ultimate Membership & Content Protection plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.5 via API. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to obtain the contents of posts and pages via API.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0687"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-13T16:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Restrict User Access \u2013 Ultimate Membership \u0026 Content Protection plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.5 via API. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to obtain the contents of posts and pages via API.",
"id": "GHSA-528q-7xpc-4jcv",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:20Z",
"published": "2024-03-13T18:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0687"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3037773%40restrict-user-access%2Ftrunk\u0026old=3010745%40restrict-user-access%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f67684cd-3e0f-48bb-967a-16ea2b027843?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-529M-7V26-XFH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:40 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:40UltraVNC Repeater before 1300 does not restrict destination IP addresses or TCP ports, which allows remote attackers to obtain open-proxy functionality by using a :: substring in between the IP address and port number.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5673"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-08-25T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "UltraVNC Repeater before 1300 does not restrict destination IP addresses or TCP ports, which allows remote attackers to obtain open-proxy functionality by using a :: substring in between the IP address and port number.",
"id": "GHSA-529m-7v26-xfh8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:40:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:40:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5673"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/735416"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/BLUU-A9WQVP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92348"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52C7-G959-RGRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:00Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Infrastructure Code). Supported versions that are affected are 12.0.1, 12.0.2,12.0.4,12.1.0 and 12.3.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing accessible data. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8315"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-27T22:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Infrastructure Code). Supported versions that are affected are 12.0.1, 12.0.2,12.0.4,12.1.0 and 12.3.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing accessible data. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).",
"id": "GHSA-52c7-g959-rgrr",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2017-2881727.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037636"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52GF-54F2-3825
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-18 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-18 15:30An improper access control vulnerability in FortiMail version 7.4.0 configured with RADIUS authentication and remote_wildcard enabled may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to bypass admin login via a crafted HTTP request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47539"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-18T14:15:37Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An improper access control vulnerability in FortiMail version 7.4.0 configured with RADIUS authentication and remote_wildcard enabled may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to bypass admin login via a crafted HTTP request.",
"id": "GHSA-52gf-54f2-3825",
"modified": "2025-03-18T15:30:47Z",
"published": "2025-03-18T15:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-439"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52H8-FMG8-32XQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:19 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:19BKBCopyD.exe in the Batch Management Packages in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 3000 through R3.09.50 and CENTUM VP through R4.03.00 and R5.x through R5.04.00, and Exaopc through R3.72.10, does not require authentication, which allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a RETR operation, write to arbitrary files via a STOR operation, or obtain sensitive database-location information via a PMODE operation, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-0784.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-5208"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-12-22T17:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BKBCopyD.exe in the Batch Management Packages in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 3000 through R3.09.50 and CENTUM VP through R4.03.00 and R5.x through R5.04.00, and Exaopc through R3.72.10, does not require authentication, which allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a RETR operation, write to arbitrary files via a STOR operation, or obtain sensitive database-location information via a PMODE operation, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-0784.",
"id": "GHSA-52h8-fmg8-32xq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:19:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:19:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.rapid7.com/community/metasploit/blog/2014/08/09/r7-2014-10-disclosure-yokogawa-centum-cs3000-bkbcopydexe-file-system-access"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-260-01A"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.yokogawa.com/dcs/security/ysar/YSAR-14-0003E.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-52RQ-Q237-RXXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:40 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:40Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel UI Framework component in Oracle Siebel CRM 16.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via vectors related to OpenUI.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-25T14:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel UI Framework component in Oracle Siebel CRM 16.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via vectors related to OpenUI.",
"id": "GHSA-52rq-q237-rxxg",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:40:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:40:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93760"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52VC-M88W-PRHQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:23 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:23Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.3 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to Kernel Zones.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5576"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-25T14:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Sun Solaris 11.3 allows local users to affect availability via vectors related to Kernel Zones.",
"id": "GHSA-52vc-m88w-prhq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:23:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:23:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037048"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52XW-7W25-5W5Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-22 21:30A vulnerability was determined in academico-sis academico up to d9a9e2636fbf7e5845ee086bcb03ca62faceb6ab. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /edit-photo of the component Profile Picture Handler. This manipulation causes unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This product adopts a rolling release strategy to maintain continuous delivery The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10763"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-21T05:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in academico-sis academico up to d9a9e2636fbf7e5845ee086bcb03ca62faceb6ab. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /edit-photo of the component Profile Picture Handler. This manipulation causes unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This product adopts a rolling release strategy to maintain continuous delivery The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-52xw-7w25-5w5q",
"modified": "2025-09-22T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/KhanMarshaI/86d0c1553355bb168084fffbdb6e7fea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.646915"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-534F-HJ89-3J8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-10 18:30 – Updated: 2024-09-10 18:30Azure Stack Hub Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-10T17:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Azure Stack Hub Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-534f-hj89-3j8f",
"modified": "2024-09-10T18:30:45Z",
"published": "2024-09-10T18:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-38220"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-534W-2VM4-89XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 23:18 – Updated: 2026-03-03 23:18A missing group-sender authorization check in the Zalo plugin allowed unauthorized GROUP messages to enter agent dispatch paths in configurations intended to restrict group traffic.
Impact
When Zalo group handling was configured with allowlist-style controls, a sender not present in the intended group allowlist could still trigger agent processing through the GROUP message path.
Root Cause
Group access checks were not consistently enforced before dispatch for Zalo GROUP messages. The fix adds explicit runtime group-policy evaluation (groupPolicy, groupAllowFrom, fallback to allowFrom) and fail-closed behavior for missing provider config.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Latest published vulnerable version:
2026.2.23(as of 2026-02-24) - Affected range:
<= 2026.2.23 - Planned patched version:
2026.2.24
Fix Commit(s)
b4010a0b627025c809c0e5dbdbd4770f3bc59ef8
OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.
Publication Update (2026-02-25)
openclaw@2026.2.24 is published on npm and contains the fix commit(s) listed above. This advisory now marks >= 2026.2.24 as patched.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.23"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.24"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T23:18:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A missing group-sender authorization check in the Zalo plugin allowed unauthorized `GROUP` messages to enter agent dispatch paths in configurations intended to restrict group traffic.\n\n## Impact\nWhen Zalo group handling was configured with allowlist-style controls, a sender not present in the intended group allowlist could still trigger agent processing through the `GROUP` message path.\n\n## Root Cause\nGroup access checks were not consistently enforced before dispatch for Zalo `GROUP` messages. The fix adds explicit runtime group-policy evaluation (`groupPolicy`, `groupAllowFrom`, fallback to `allowFrom`) and fail-closed behavior for missing provider config.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published vulnerable version: `2026.2.23` (as of 2026-02-24)\n- Affected range: `\u003c= 2026.2.23`\n- Planned patched version: `2026.2.24`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `b4010a0b627025c809c0e5dbdbd4770f3bc59ef8`\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.\n\n### Publication Update (2026-02-25)\n`openclaw@2026.2.24` is published on npm and contains the fix commit(s) listed above. This advisory now marks `\u003e= 2026.2.24` as patched.",
"id": "GHSA-534w-2vm4-89xr",
"modified": "2026-03-03T23:18:26Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T23:18:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-534w-2vm4-89xr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/b4010a0b627025c809c0e5dbdbd4770f3bc59ef8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s Zalo group sender allowlist bypass permits unauthorized GROUP dispatch"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.