Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

7797 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2G2J-Q43H-638M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:53 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:53
VLAI
Details

The Maxim_smartpa_dev driver in Huawei P8 smartphones with software GRA-TL00 before GRA-TL00C01B230, GRA-CL00 before GRA-CL00C92B230, GRA-CL10 before GRA-CL10C92B230, GRA-UL00 before GRA-UL00C00B230, and GRA-UL10 before GRA-UL10C00B230 and Mate S smartphones with software CRR-TL00 before CRR-TL00C01B160SP01, CRR-UL00 before CRR-UL00C00B160, and CRR-CL00 before CRR-CL00C92B161 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) via a crafted application, which triggers an invalid memory access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-8679"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-04-07T20:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Maxim_smartpa_dev driver in Huawei P8 smartphones with software GRA-TL00 before GRA-TL00C01B230, GRA-CL00 before GRA-CL00C92B230, GRA-CL10 before GRA-CL10C92B230, GRA-UL00 before GRA-UL00C00B230, and GRA-UL10 before GRA-UL10C00B230 and Mate S smartphones with software CRR-TL00 before CRR-TL00C01B160SP01, CRR-UL00 before CRR-UL00C00B160, and CRR-CL00 before CRR-CL00C92B161 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) via a crafted application, which triggers an invalid memory access.",
  "id": "GHSA-2g2j-q43h-638m",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:53:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:53:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-8679"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160105-01-smartphone-en"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2G7V-6Q7Q-7MP6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-29 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-29 18:30
VLAI
Details

A security flaw has been discovered in code-projects/anirbandutta9 Content Management System and News-Buzz 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/editposts.php. Performing manipulation of the argument image results in unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-15197"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-29T17:15:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A security flaw has been discovered in code-projects/anirbandutta9 Content Management System and News-Buzz 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/editposts.php. Performing manipulation of the argument image results in unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.",
  "id": "GHSA-2g7v-6q7q-7mp6",
  "modified": "2025-12-29T18:30:55Z",
  "published": "2025-12-29T18:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15197"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Limingqian123/CVE/issues/7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338584"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.338584"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.724721"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2GC3-GXVV-R87C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-08 12:30 – Updated: 2024-12-09 18:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability of permission control in the window module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect confidentiality.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-27895"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-08T10:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability of permission control in the window module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect confidentiality.",
  "id": "GHSA-2gc3-gxvv-r87c",
  "modified": "2024-12-09T18:31:18Z",
  "published": "2024-04-08T12:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27895"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2024/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202403-0000001667644725"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2GF5-QCR8-G3JG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-20 00:32 – Updated: 2023-12-20 00:32
VLAI
Details

A user without administrator permissions with access to the UC500 windows system could perform a memory dump of the running processes and extract clear credentials or valid session tokens.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-50706"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-20T00:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nA user without administrator permissions with access to the UC500 windows system could perform a memory dump of the running processes and extract clear credentials or valid session tokens.\n\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-2gf5-qcr8-g3jg",
  "modified": "2023-12-20T00:32:45Z",
  "published": "2023-12-20T00:32:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50706"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-353-03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2GFW-C833-345V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:28 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:28
VLAI
Details

In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 600, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 835, and SDX20, address and size passed to SCM command 'TZ_INFO_GET_SECURE_STATE_LEGACY_ID' from HLOS Kernel were not being checked, so access outside DDR would occur.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-10472"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-04-18T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile and Snapdragon Wear MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9650, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 430, SD 450, SD 600, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, SD 820, SD 835, and SDX20, address and size passed to SCM command \u0027TZ_INFO_GET_SECURE_STATE_LEGACY_ID\u0027 from HLOS Kernel were not being checked, so access outside DDR would occur.",
  "id": "GHSA-2gfw-c833-345v",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:28:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:28:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-04-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103671"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2GG6-558H-XJF8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-23 00:00
VLAI
Details

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 16, iOS 15.7 and iPadOS 15.7. A person with physical access to an iOS device may be able to access photos from the lock screen.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-32872"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-20T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 16, iOS 15.7 and iPadOS 15.7. A person with physical access to an iOS device may be able to access photos from the lock screen.",
  "id": "GHSA-2gg6-558h-xjf8",
  "modified": "2022-09-23T00:00:40Z",
  "published": "2022-09-21T00:00:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32872"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213446"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/39"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/40"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2GPM-G93X-8FR4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:04 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:44
VLAI
Details

An improper access control vulnerability exists in GitLab <12.3.3 that allows an attacker to obtain container and dependency scanning reports through the merge request widget even though public pipelines were disabled.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-15591"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-12-18T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An improper access control vulnerability exists in GitLab \u003c12.3.3 that allows an attacker to obtain container and dependency scanning reports through the merge request widget even though public pipelines were disabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-2gpm-g93x-8fr4",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:44:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:04:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15591"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/676976"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2GR4-FX2Q-V5VQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-28 21:32 – Updated: 2026-05-28 21:32
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in Oracle REST Data Services (component: Backend-as-a-Service). Supported versions that are affected are 24.2.0-26.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle REST Data Services. While the vulnerability is in Oracle REST Data Services, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle REST Data Services. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 10.0 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-46840"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T21:16:33Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in Oracle REST Data Services (component: Backend-as-a-Service).  Supported versions that are affected are 24.2.0-26.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle REST Data Services.  While the vulnerability is in Oracle REST Data Services, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change).  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle REST Data Services. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 10.0 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-2gr4-fx2q-v5vq",
  "modified": "2026-05-28T21:32:07Z",
  "published": "2026-05-28T21:32:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46840"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspumay2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2GW9-C2R2-F5QF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-21 17:24 – Updated: 2026-06-09 10:52
VLAI
Summary
Neko has a Self-service Privilege Escalation for Authenticated Users
Details

Impact

Any authenticated user can immediately obtain full administrative control of the entire Neko instance (member management, room settings, broadcast control, session termination, etc.). This results in a complete compromise of the instance.

Patches

The vulnerability has been patched in the following releases:

Users should upgrade to v3.0.11 or later (for the 3.0 branch) or v3.1.2 or later.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not immediately possible, the following mitigations can reduce risk:

  • Restrict access to trusted users only (avoid granting accounts to untrusted parties)
  • Run the instance only when needed; avoid leaving it continuously exposed
  • Disable or restrict access to the /api/profile endpoint if feasible
  • Monitor for suspicious privilege changes or unexpected administrative actions

Note: These are temporary mitigations and do not fully eliminate the vulnerability. Upgrading is strongly recommended.

Credits

Neko thanks @blitzkrieg-patch for responsibly disclosing this vulnerability and reaching out directly. This contribution helped strengthen the project, and the whole community benefits from it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/m1k1o/neko/server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/m1k1o/neko/server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0-20250322225643-212bf8a60756"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.0-20260406184107-c54bcf1ee211"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-39386"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-21T17:24:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-21T01:16:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nAny authenticated user can immediately obtain full administrative control of the entire Neko instance (member management, room settings, broadcast control, session termination, etc.). This results in a complete compromise of the instance.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been patched in the following releases:\n\n- [v3.0.11](https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/releases/tag/v3.0.11) (backport release)\n- [v3.1.2](https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/releases/tag/v3.1.2) (latest stable release)\n\nUsers should upgrade to [v3.0.11](https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/releases/tag/v3.0.11) or later (for the 3.0 branch) or [v3.1.2](https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/releases/tag/v3.1.2) or later.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, the following mitigations can reduce risk:\n\n- Restrict access to trusted users only (avoid granting accounts to untrusted parties)\n- Run the instance only when needed; avoid leaving it continuously exposed\n- Disable or restrict access to the `/api/profile` endpoint if feasible\n- Monitor for suspicious privilege changes or unexpected administrative actions\n\nNote: These are temporary mitigations and do not fully eliminate the vulnerability. Upgrading is strongly recommended.\n\n### Credits\nNeko thanks @blitzkrieg-patch for responsibly disclosing this vulnerability and reaching out directly. This contribution helped strengthen the project, and the whole community benefits from it.",
  "id": "GHSA-2gw9-c2r2-f5qf",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T10:52:18Z",
  "published": "2026-04-21T17:24:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/security/advisories/GHSA-2gw9-c2r2-f5qf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39386"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/commit/6b561feb9016badea99ae7305091c0ff55e1d114"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/commit/c54bcf1ee211e28104a2bb6db59583a39c4a4d6e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/m1k1o/neko"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/releases/tag/v3.0.11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/m1k1o/neko/releases/tag/v3.1.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Neko has a Self-service Privilege Escalation for Authenticated Users"
}

GHSA-2H3C-GFWM-W3F3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:00
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 11.3.0, 11.4.0, 12.0.1, 12.0.2, 12.0.3, 12.1.0 and 12.2.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking accessible data. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 5.3 (Confidentiality impacts).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-8307"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-01-27T22:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 11.3.0, 11.4.0, 12.0.1, 12.0.2, 12.0.3, 12.1.0 and 12.2.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking accessible data. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 5.3 (Confidentiality impacts).",
  "id": "GHSA-2h3c-gfwm-w3f3",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T03:00:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:00:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8307"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2017-2881727.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95551"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037636"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.