Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13255 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2014-125125 (GCVE-0-2014-125125)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-31 14:50 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
A10 Networks AX Loadbalancer Path Traversal
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability exists in A10 Networks AX Loadbalancer versions 2.6.1-GR1-P5, 2.7.0, and earlier. The vulnerability resides in the handling of the filename parameter in the /xml/downloads endpoint, which fails to properly sanitize user input. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this flaw by sending crafted HTTP requests containing directory traversal sequences to read arbitrary files outside the intended directory. The files returned by the vulnerable endpoint are deleted from the system after retrieval. This can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information such as SSL certificates and private keys, as well as unintended file deletion.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasplo… | exploit |
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/31261 | exploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/a10-networks… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A10 Networks | AX Series Loadbalancer |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.6.1-GR1-P5
(semver)
Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.7.0 (semver) |
Date Public
2014-01-29 00:00
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CVE-2014-125080 (GCVE-0-2014-125080)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-16 17:58 – Updated: 2024-08-06 14:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
frontaccounting faplanet path traversal
Summary
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Severity
5.5 (Medium)
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.218398 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.218398 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/frontaccounting/faplanet/commi… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| frontaccounting | faplanet |
Affected:
n/a
|
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CVE-2014-125068 (GCVE-0-2014-125068)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-08 10:28 – Updated: 2024-08-06 14:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
saxman maps-js-icoads http-server.js path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was found in saxman maps-js-icoads and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file http-server.js. The manipulation leads to path traversal. The patch is named 34b8b0cce2807b119f4cffda2ac48fc8f427d69a. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217643.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.217643 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217643 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/saxman/maps-js-icoads/commit/3… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| saxman | maps-js-icoads |
Affected:
n/a
|
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CVE-2014-10068 (GCVE-0-2014-10068)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-29 20:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 03:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The inert directory handler in inert node module before 1.1.1 always allows files in hidden directories to be served, even when `showHidden` is false.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal (CWE-22)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/hapijs/inert/pull/15 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/hapijs/inert/commit/e8f99f94da… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/14 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HackerOne | inert node module |
Affected:
<1.1.1
|
Date Public
2018-04-26 00:00
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CVE-2014-10066 (GCVE-0-2014-10066)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-31 20:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 16:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Versions less than 0.1.4 of the static file server module fancy-server are vulnerable to directory traversal. An attacker can provide input such as `../` to read files outside of the served directory.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal (CWE-22)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/9 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HackerOne | fancy-server node module |
Affected:
<0.1.4
|
Date Public
2018-04-26 00:00
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CVE-2014-5436 (GCVE-0-2014-5436)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-04-08 15:18 – Updated: 2024-08-06 11:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A directory traversal vulnerability exists in the confd.exe module in Honeywell Experion PKS R40x before R400.6, R41x before R410.6, and R43x before R430.2, which could lead to possible information disclosure. Honeywell strongly encourages and recommends all customers running unsupported versions of EKPS prior to R400 to upgrade to a supported version.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Directory traversal CWE-22
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-352-01 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Honeywell | Experion PKS |
Affected:
R40x before R400.6
Affected: R41x before R410.6 Affected: R43x before R430.2 |
Date Public
2014-12-18 00:00
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CVE-2014-2352 (GCVE-0-2014-2352)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2014-05-30 23:00 – Updated: 2025-10-03 16:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cogent DataHub Path Traversal
Summary
The directory specifier can include designators that can be used to
traverse the directory path. Exploiting this vulnerability may enable an
attacker to access a limited number of hardcoded file types. Further
exploitation of this vulnerability may allow an attacker to cause the
web server component to enter a denial-of-service condition.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i… | |
| http://cogentdatahub.com/Download_Software.html | |
| http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-149-02 | x_refsource_MISCx_transferred |
Date Public
2014-05-29 06:00
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CVE-2014-0780 (GCVE-0-2014-0780)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2014-04-25 01:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
InduSoft Web Studio Path Traversal
Summary
Directory traversal vulnerability in NTWebServer in InduSoft Web Studio 7.1 before SP2 Patch 4 allows remote attackers to read administrative passwords in APP files, and consequently execute arbitrary code, via unspecified web requests.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42699/ | exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB |
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i… | |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/67056 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| http://download.indusoft.com/71.2.4/IWS71.2.4.zip | |
| http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-107-02 | x_refsource_MISCx_transferred |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| InduSoft | Web Studio |
Affected:
7.1
|
Date Public
2014-04-24 00:00
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CVE-2014-0751 (GCVE-0-2014-0751)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2014-01-25 22:00 – Updated: 2025-08-22 22:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GE Proficy HMI/SCADA Path Traversal
Summary
The CIMPLICITY Web-based access component, CimWebServer, does not check
the location of shell files being loaded into the system. By modifying
the source location, an attacker could send shell code to the
CimWebServer which would deploy the nefarious files as part of any SCADA
project. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i… | |
| http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbcha… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/65124 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-023-01 | x_refsource_MISCx_transferred |
| http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbcha… | x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/65117 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BIDx_transferred |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GE | Proficy HMI/SCADA - CIMPLICITY |
Affected:
4.01 , < 8.2
(custom)
|
|
| GE | Proficy Process Systems with CIMPLICITY |
Affected:
all versions
|
Date Public
2014-01-24 07:00
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CVE-2014-0750 (GCVE-0-2014-0750)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2014-01-25 22:00 – Updated: 2025-08-22 22:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GE Proficy HMI/SCADA Path Traversal
Summary
Directory traversal vulnerability in gefebt.exe in the WebView CimWeb components in GE Intelligent Platforms Proficy HMI/SCADA - CIMPLICITY through 8.2 SIM 24, and Proficy Process Systems with CIMPLICITY, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTTP request, aka ZDI-CAN-1622.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i… | |
| http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbcha… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/65124 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-023-01 | x_refsource_MISCx_transferred |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GE | Proficy HMI/SCADA - CIMPLICITY |
Affected:
4.01 , < 8.2
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|
|
| GE | Proficy Process Systems with CIMPLICITY |
Affected:
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Date Public
2014-01-24 07:00
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eGE has produced an update that mitigates one vulnerability and made \nconfiguration changes to mitigate the other. Please reference the \nfollowing GE Product Security Advisories for specific information on the\n vulnerabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGEIP13-05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this vulnerability, all copies of the gefebt.exe files \nthat are accessible from a Web client must be deleted or moved, so they \nare inaccessible. If the production Web configuration currently relies \non gefebt.exe, changes to the server\u2019s Web pages may also be desirable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe GE Product Security Advisory, which provides additional guidance, is available here:\u0026nbsp;\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbchannel\u0026amp;id=KB15939\"\u003ehttp://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbchannel\u0026amp;id=KB15939\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGEIP13-06\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDownload Proficy HMI/SCADA - CIMPLICITY 8.2 SIM 24 at:\u0026nbsp;\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=dwchannel\u0026amp;id=DN4128\"\u003ehttp://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=dwchannel\u0026amp;id=DN4128\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe GE Product Security Advisory is available here:\u0026nbsp;\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbchannel\u0026amp;id=KB15940\"\u003ehttp://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbchannel\u0026amp;id=KB15940\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
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"value": "GE has produced an update that mitigates one vulnerability and made \nconfiguration changes to mitigate the other. Please reference the \nfollowing GE Product Security Advisories for specific information on the\n vulnerabilities.\n\n\nGEIP13-05\n\n\nTo address this vulnerability, all copies of the gefebt.exe files \nthat are accessible from a Web client must be deleted or moved, so they \nare inaccessible. If the production Web configuration currently relies \non gefebt.exe, changes to the server\u2019s Web pages may also be desirable.\n\nThe GE Product Security Advisory, which provides additional guidance, is available here:\u00a0 http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbchannel\u0026id=KB15939 \n\n\nGEIP13-06\n\nDownload Proficy HMI/SCADA - CIMPLICITY 8.2 SIM 24 at:\u00a0 http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=dwchannel\u0026id=DN4128 \n\nThe GE Product Security Advisory is available here:\u00a0 http://support.ge-ip.com/support/index?page=kbchannel\u0026id=KB15940"
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"title": "GE Proficy HMI/SCADA Path Traversal",
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.