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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-150

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.

140 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-26149 (GCVE-0-2026-26149)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 16:56 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:30
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Power Apps Desktop Client Spoofing Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of escape, meta, or control sequences in Microsoft Power Apps allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-10 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft Power Apps Desktop Client Affected: 1.0.0 , < 3.26032.10.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:power_apps_desktop_client:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-25996 (GCVE-0-2026-25996)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-12 20:06 – Updated: 2026-02-12 20:57
VLAI
Title
Inspektor Gadget uses unsanitized ANSI Escape Sequences In `columns` Output Mode
Summary
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SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-12 20:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23829 (GCVE-0-2026-23829)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-18 23:23 – Updated: 2026-01-20 20:08
VLAI
Title
Mailpit has SMTP Header Injection via Regex Bypass
Summary
Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. Prior to version 1.28.3, Mailpit's SMTP server is vulnerable to Header Injection due to an insufficient Regular Expression used to validate `RCPT TO` and `MAIL FROM` addresses. An attacker can inject arbitrary SMTP headers (or corrupt existing ones) by including carriage return characters (`\r`) in the email address. This header injection occurs because the regex intended to filter control characters fails to exclude `\r` and `\n` when used inside a character class. Version 1.28.3 fixes this issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-20 20:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
axllent mailpit Affected: < 1.28.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-21521 (GCVE-0-2026-21521)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 22:47 – Updated: 2026-07-30 20:47 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Word Copilot Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of escape, meta, or control sequences in Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-23 20:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Word Copilot Affected: -
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:365_word_copilot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-01-22 16:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-21439 (GCVE-0-2026-21439)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 23:51 – Updated: 2026-01-06 19:01
VLAI
Title
badkeys vulnerable to ASCII control character injection on console via malformed input
Summary
badkeys is a tool and library for checking cryptographic public keys for known vulnerabilities. In versions 0.0.15 and below, an attacker may inject content with ASCII control characters like vertical tabs, ANSI escape sequences, etc., that can create misleading output of the badkeys command-line tool. This impacts scanning DKIM keys (both --dkim and --dkim-dns), SSH keys (--ssh-lines mode), and filenames in various modes. This issue is fixed in version 0.0.16.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-06 14:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
badkeys badkeys Affected: < 0.0.16
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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      "descriptions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "badkeys is a tool and library for checking cryptographic public keys for known vulnerabilities. In versions 0.0.15 and below, an attacker may inject content with ASCII control characters like vertical tabs, ANSI escape sequences, etc., that can create misleading output of the badkeys command-line tool. This impacts scanning DKIM keys (both --dkim and --dkim-dns), SSH keys (--ssh-lines mode), and filenames in various modes. This issue is fixed in version 0.0.16."
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          "name": "https://github.com/badkeys/badkeys/issues/40",
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        "advisory": "GHSA-wjpc-4f29-83h3",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "badkeys vulnerable to ASCII control character injection on console via malformed input"
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    "datePublished": "2026-01-05T23:51:35.670Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-29T03:00:29.275Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-01-06T19:01:48.962Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

GCVE-1-2026-20058 (CVE-2026-90895)

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-09-14 09:40 – Updated: 2026-09-14 09:40
VLAI
Title
MISP Interactive CLI Shell: Authorization Bypass, Credential Exposure, and Terminal Injection
Summary
Affected versions of MISP’s interactive CLI shell implement access control independently from the normal web application, causing several authorization inconsistencies. The patch shows that CLI access could differ from the web application in multiple security-sensitive areas:  - feed listings did not enforce the same lookup_visible restrictions for non-host-organisation users;  - feed detail access did not enforce the same host-organisation/site-admin authorization as FeedsController::view();  - Feed.headers, which can contain HTTP authorization credentials, could be exposed instead of being hidden or masked;  - server synchronization authkey values were not explicitly hidden from CLI detail output;  - sharing-group detail access did not consistently use SharingGroup::checkIfAuthorised();  - the use command could establish context for a record without first proving that the user was authorized to view that record The commit additionally hardens pagination and terminal rendering, including neutralization of terminal control sequences found in database-backed values. Those are important hardening changes, but the main vulnerability is the CLI authorization/data-disclosure mismatch. Version affected: ≤2.5.45
CWE
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
  • CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Quote, or Control Sequences
  • CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
GNA-1 This instance
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.46 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
AI involvement GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Review: review GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
Patch provenance GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-09-14 09:16
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/cd9f548ed.patch 1993ed3ac039…
Confidence
high
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
cd9f548ed808 fix: [cli] Route interactive CLI shell authorization through 1993ed3ac039…
Fix summary

The fix replaces the shell's hand-rolled authorization logic with the same model-level accessors used by the web interface (Event::fetchSimpleEvent, MispAttribute::fetchAttributes, MispObject::fetchObjects, SharingGroup::checkIfAuthorised, Organisation::canSee), ensuring read and write operations enforce identical ACL rules. Credential columns are excluded at the query level via a hiddenFields mechanism so they are never fetched from the database. The inline detail editor now delegates to the entity-specific edit handlers, which enforce per-record write authorization. All terminal output passes through a sanitiser that neutralises C0/C1 control characters, ANSI escape sequences, and Unicode bidirectional overrides. Pagination is clamped to a safe range (1-1000) to prevent unbounded result sets.

Patch summary

Replaced hand-rolled ACL conditions in attribute, object, feed, sharing-group, and organisation queries with calls to the model's authorized fetch methods (fetchAttributes, fetchObjects, fetchSimpleEvent, checkIfAuthorised, canSee). Added hiddenFields configuration for server (authkey), feed (headers), and user (password, authkey, totp, hotp_counter, external_auth_key) so credential columns are excluded from SQL SELECT. Added __detailFields() to build the field list excluding hidden columns. Rewrote __editDetailField() to delegate to entity-specific edit handlers with a $fields parameter, eliminating the unguarded direct save(). Added __canWriteEntity() and __denyWrite() as a unified write-authorization gate for add/edit/delete. Added __term() sanitiser applied via overridden out()/err() methods and __termRows() for list data, neutralising C0/C1 controls, DEL, and Unicode bidi characters. Added __normalisePagination() to clamp limit to 1-1000 and page to >=1. Added __warnUnsupportedFilters() to report ignored

CVSS rationale

AV:L: The CLI shell is a local console command requiring SSH or local shell access to the MISP server. AC:L: No race conditions or special timing are needed; the unguarded write path and missing ACL checks are deterministic. AT:N: The authorization bypass and credential exposure require no target interaction. PR:L: Any authenticated MISP user with basic permissions (perm_add) can exploit the write bypass and read credential columns. UI:N: The core authorization bypass and data exposure do not require the victim to perform any action. VC:H: Sensitive credentials (feed HTTP auth, server sync key, user passwords/TOTP) are exposed. VI:H: An attacker can modify events, attributes, and objects they should not be able to change. VA:H: An attacker can read records (feeds, organisations, hidden tags) outside their authorized scope. SC/SI/SA:N: Impact is confined to the local MISP instance and its data.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-862 The primary vulnerability: the inline detail editor saved records without enforcing per-record write authorization, and list/detail queries used incomplete ACL conditions that did not match the web interface's access rules. A user who could read a record could modify it, and could read records (feeds, organisations, tags) the web would not expose.
  • CWE-200 Credential columns (Feed.headers, Server.authkey, User.password/authkey/totp/hotp_counter/external_auth_key) were fetched from the database and exposed in CLI output to users who should not have access, and organisation/tag visibility settings were not enforced.
  • CWE-150 Database values containing ANSI escape sequences, C0/C1 control characters, or Unicode bidirectional override characters were printed verbatim to the terminal, allowing output forgery, window retitling, and visual manipulation of displayed indicators.
  • CWE-400 A limit value of zero, negative, or non-numeric caused the ORM to omit the SQL LIMIT clause, returning the entire table into memory and enabling denial of service.
Assumptions to verify
  • The CLI shell is accessible to any authenticated MISP user with local/SSH access to the server; no additional authentication layer is assumed.
  • The affected version range is not precisely bounded; the fix commit is 184 commits after tag v2.5.46, but the exact release version containing the fix is not stated in the patch metadata.
  • CVSS assumes the attacker already possesses a low-privilege MISP account and local shell access; remote exploitation without local access is not assessed.
  • The terminal injection impact (VC:H) is assessed on the basis that an analyst's terminal session is the primary trust boundary for indicator review; in automated/piped contexts the impact may be lower.
  • The unguarded write path is assessed as allowing modification of any readable record, not limited to specific entity types, based on the patch comment stating 'a user rewrite any record they could read'.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 6 9 high 5

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                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-150",
                    "rationale": "Database values containing ANSI escape sequences, C0/C1 control characters, or Unicode bidirectional override characters were printed verbatim to the terminal, allowing output forgery, window retitling, and visual manipulation of displayed indicators."
                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-400",
                    "rationale": "A limit value of zero, negative, or non-numeric caused the ORM to omit the SQL LIMIT clause, returning the entire table into memory and enabling denial of service."
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
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CVE-2026-19591 (GCVE-0-2026-19591)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 17:06 – Updated: 2026-09-02 18:34
VLAI
Summary
OpenAI Codex CLI for Windows, macOS, and Linux and Codex Desktop for Windows and macOS misclassified certain PowerShell commands as safe because their command-safety parser interpreted PowerShell's stop-parsing token (--%) differently than PowerShell itself. If a user opens an attacker-prepared repository and Codex follows its instructions, Codex can run a file-writing Git command without requesting user approval. On macOS and Linux, exploitation additionally requires separately installed PowerShell Core (pwsh) to be invoked. If filesystem protections permit the write, the command can modify Codex's configuration. If Codex later loads the modified configuration, it can launch an attacker-controlled MCP server and execute code with the user's privileges, allowing it to read, change, or delete files accessible to that account. The approval bypass does not disable filesystem sandboxing; the default filesystem sandbox on macOS and Linux can prevent writes outside permitted locations.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 18:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenAI Codex CLI Affected: 0.72.0 , ≤ 0.130.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 0.131.0
Create a notification for this product.
OpenAI Codex Desktop Affected: 260202.0859 , ≤ 26.513.31313 (custom)
Unaffected: 26.519.22136
Create a notification for this product.
OpenAI Codex Desktop Affected: 26.304.38 , ≤ 26.513.40821 (custom)
Unaffected: 26.519.21041
Create a notification for this product.
OpenAI Codex Desktop (Microsoft Store package) Affected: 26.304.38.0 , ≤ 26.513.4821.0 (custom)
Unaffected: 26.519.2081.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-11373 (GCVE-0-2026-11373)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 11:28 – Updated: 2026-06-22 15:33
VLAI
Title
Net::Statsite::Client versions through 1.1.0 for Perl allow metric injections
Summary
Net::Statsite::Client versions through 1.1.0 for Perl allow metric injections. Net::Statsite::Client is a client for the statsite protocol, which is a variant of statsd. Newlines are not removed from metric names, allowing metric injections. Values are not sanitised for newlines or other protocol control characters such as colons or pipes, allowing metric injections.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-22 15:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
JASEI Net::Statsite::Client Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.1.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-11362 (GCVE-0-2026-11362)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 14:50 – Updated: 2026-06-08 18:20
VLAI
Title
DataDog::DogStatsd versions through 0.07 for Perl allow metric injections from event tags
Summary
DataDog::DogStatsd versions through 0.07 for Perl allow metric injections from event tags. DataDog::DogStatsd does not properly sanitise input, allowing metric injections of data from untrusted sources. The format_event method (used by the event method) does not validate the content of the tags, which may contain commas (allowing tags to be injected) or newlines, pipes and colons that allow metric injections. (There is an ineffective s/|//g to remove pipes, but because the pipe is not escaped, it is interpreted as a regular expression metacharacter and has no effect.)
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-08 18:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BINARY DataDog::DogStatsd Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.07 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-9270 (GCVE-0-2026-9270)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 14:49 – Updated: 2026-06-08 18:17
VLAI
Title
DataDog::DogStatsd versions through 0.07 for Perl allow metric injections
Summary
DataDog::DogStatsd versions through 0.07 for Perl allow metric injections. DataDog::DogStatsd does not properly sanitise input, allowing metric injections of data from untrusted sources. The send_stats method does not remove newlines from metric names ($stat variable), allowing attackers to change the metric name prefix. The send_stats method does not validate the content of the value ($delta variable), allowing attackers to inject metrics, especially from methods that do not restrict the data type for the value, such as set, gauge, count and histogram. The send_stats method does not validate the content of the tags, which may contain newlines, pipes and colons that allow metric injections. Note that the SYNOPSIS shows an example of passing a website form "loginName" parameter as a tag, which is unsafe.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-08 18:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BINARY DataDog::DogStatsd Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.07 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-08T18:17:00.524236Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
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          }
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        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-08T18:17:12.608Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://cpan.org/modules",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "DataDog-DogStatsd",
          "product": "DataDog::DogStatsd",
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "DataDog::DogStatsd::send_stats"
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            {
              "name": "DataDog::DogStatsd::set"
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            {
              "name": "DataDog::DogStatsd::gauge"
            },
            {
              "name": "DataDog::DogStatsd::count"
            },
            {
              "name": "DataDog::DogStatsd::histogram"
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          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/binary-com/dogstatsd-perl",
          "vendor": "BINARY",
          "versions": [
            {
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
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        }
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "DataDog::DogStatsd versions through 0.07 for Perl allow metric injections.\n\nDataDog::DogStatsd does not properly sanitise input, allowing metric injections of data from untrusted sources.\n\nThe send_stats method does not remove newlines from metric names ($stat variable), allowing attackers to change the metric name prefix.\n\nThe send_stats method does not validate the content of the value ($delta variable), allowing attackers to inject metrics, especially from methods that do not restrict the data type for the value, such as set, gauge, count and histogram.\n\nThe send_stats method does not validate the content of the tags, which may contain newlines, pipes and colons that allow metric injections.\n\nNote that the SYNOPSIS shows an example of passing a website form \"loginName\" parameter as a tag, which is unsafe."
        }
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              "cweId": "CWE-93",
              "description": "CWE-93 Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences",
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              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-150",
              "description": "CWE-150 Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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        "orgId": "9b29abf9-4ab0-4765-b253-1875cd9b441e",
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      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46741"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46719"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46720"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "DataDog::DogStatsd versions through 0.07 for Perl allow metric injections",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Ensure that metric names, values and tags come from trusted sources or are properly sanitised."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cpansec-cna-tool 0.1"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "9b29abf9-4ab0-4765-b253-1875cd9b441e",
    "assignerShortName": "CPANSec",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-9270",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-05T14:49:39.714Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-22T10:23:06.050Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-08T18:17:12.608Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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Mitigation

Developers should anticipate that escape, meta and control characters/sequences will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their product. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-28
Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

Mitigation
Implementation

When using output from an LLM, neutralize or strip escape codes before redirecting output to the terminal or other rendering engine that would process the codes. The neutralization could require that the character be printable and/or allowable whitespace, such as a carriage return or newline. Be deliberate about what to allow.

Mitigation
Build and Compilation

When using an LLM: during tokenizer training, suppress escape codes from the tokenizer's vocabulary. Depending on context, this could be accomplished by removing the codes from input to the tokenizer, or removing the map from the string to its token ID. It is generally unlikely that this removal would adversely affect the quality or correctness of what is generated, e.g. advice requests for terminal settings to change colors.

CAPEC-134: Email Injection

An adversary manipulates the headers and content of an email message by injecting data via the use of delimiter characters native to the protocol.

CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads

This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-93: Log Injection-Tampering-Forging

This attack targets the log files of the target host. The attacker injects, manipulates or forges malicious log entries in the log file, allowing them to mislead a log audit, cover traces of attack, or perform other malicious actions. The target host is not properly controlling log access. As a result tainted data is resulting in the log files leading to a failure in accountability, non-repudiation and incident forensics capability.