Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1336
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
410 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2022-25813 (GCVE-0-2022-25813)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-09-02 07:10 – Updated: 2024-08-03 04:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Server-Side Template Injection affecting the ecommerce plugin of Apache OFBiz
Summary
In Apache OFBiz, versions 18.12.05 and earlier, an attacker acting as an anonymous user of the ecommerce plugin, can insert a malicious content in a message “Subject” field from the "Contact us" page. Then a party manager needs to list the communications in the party component to activate the SSTI. A RCE is then possible.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/vmj5s0qb59t0lvzf3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/02/4 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache OFBiz |
Affected:
Apache OFBiz , ≤ 18.12.05
(custom)
|
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CVE-2022-4993 (GCVE-0-2022-4993)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 16:27 – Updated: 2026-08-15 12:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTML::FormHandler versions through 0.40068 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion because _apply_actions and add_error use error message text built from request data as a Locale::Maketext bracket notation template
Summary
HTML::FormHandler versions through 0.40068 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion because _apply_actions and add_error use error message text built from request data as a Locale::Maketext bracket notation template.
add_error hands its first argument to the language handle as the Locale::Maketext message key, and the default handle's lexicon sets `_AUTO`, so a string that is not a lexicon entry is compiled as a bracket notation template instead of being looked up. In a bracket group the first token names a method called on the language handle and the remaining tokens are its arguments.
Three kinds of text the library did not author reach that position. _apply_actions installs a `$SIG{__WARN__}` handler that stores the warning text in `$error_message`, and a captured warning survives a successful action, so a field carrying a numeric transform turns `Argument "[sprintf,%50000000d,0]" isn't numeric` into the template; a warning quotes the submitted value verbatim, so the group is well formed and dispatches. `$error_message ||= $tobj->validate($new_value)` takes a type constraint's own failure message, which renders the rejected value through a partial dumper in bracket and comma form (Devel::PartialDump when Moose can load it, Type::Tiny's own dumper always), so a field with `apply => [ Str ]` given a parameter sent more than once, which arrives as an array, gets `Reference ["a","b"] did not pass type constraint "Str"` as its template, from a request that carries no bracket character of its own. A coercion or transform exception reaches it the same way. Beyond those, a validator whose message contains the field value puts that value in the template directly, and add_error replaces the message list with the contents of an arrayref first argument (`@message = @{$message[0]} if ref $message[0] eq 'ARRAY'`), so a value arriving as an array fills the argument slots from the same request as well.
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Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 11:14 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
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CVE-2022-0944 (GCVE-0-2022-0944)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-03-15 01:00 – Updated: 2024-08-02 23:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Template injection in connection test endpoint leads to RCE in sqlpad/sqlpad
Summary
Template injection in connection test endpoint leads to RCE in GitHub repository sqlpad/sqlpad prior to 6.10.1.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://huntr.dev/bounties/46630727-d923-4444-a42… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sqlpad/sqlpad/commit/3f92be386… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sqlpad | sqlpad/sqlpad |
Affected:
unspecified , < 6.10.1
(custom)
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CVE-2022-0896 (GCVE-0-2022-0896)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-03-09 11:20 – Updated: 2024-08-02 23:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in microweber/microweber
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in GitHub repository microweber/microweber prior to 1.3.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
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|---|---|
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| https://github.com/microweber/microweber/commit/e… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| microweber | microweber/microweber |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.3
(custom)
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CVE-2022-0323 (GCVE-0-2022-0323)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-21 18:00 – Updated: 2024-08-02 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in bobthecow/mustache.php
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in Packagist mustache/mustache prior to 2.14.1.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://huntr.dev/bounties/a5f5a988-aa52-4443-839… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/bobthecow/mustache.php/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bobthecow | bobthecow/mustache.php |
Affected:
unspecified , < 2.14.1
(custom)
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CVE-2021-39128 (GCVE-0-2021-39128)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-16 05:20 – Updated: 2024-10-10 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Affected versions of Atlassian Jira Server or Data Center using the Jira Service Management addon allow remote attackers with JIRA Administrators access to execute arbitrary Java code via a server-side template injection vulnerability in the Email Template feature. The affected versions of Jira Server or Data Center are before version 8.13.12, and from version 8.14.0 before 8.19.1.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-10 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JRASERVER-72804 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atlassian | Jira Server |
Affected:
unspecified , < 8.13.12
(custom)
Affected: 8.14.0 , < unspecified (custom) Affected: unspecified , < 8.19.1 (custom) |
|
| Atlassian | Jira Data Center |
Affected:
unspecified , < 8.13.12
(custom)
Affected: 8.14.0 , < unspecified (custom) Affected: unspecified , < 8.19.1 (custom) |
|
| atlassian | jira_data_center |
Affected:
0 , < 8.13.12
(custom)
Affected: 8.14.0 , < 8.19.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:jira_data_center:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| atlassian | jira_server |
Affected:
0 , < 8.13.12
(custom)
Affected: 8.14.0 , < 8.19.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:jira_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2021-09-16 00:00
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]
},
"vendor_name": "Atlassian"
}
]
}
},
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"description": {
"description_data": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"value": "Affected versions of Atlassian Jira Server or Data Center using the Jira Service Management addon allow remote attackers with JIRA Administrators access to execute arbitrary Java code via a server-side template injection vulnerability in the Email Template feature. The affected versions of Jira Server or Data Center are before version 8.13.12, and from version 8.14.0 before 8.19.1."
}
]
},
"problemtype": {
"problemtype_data": [
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"value": "CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine"
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]
},
"references": {
"reference_data": [
{
"name": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JRASERVER-72804",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JRASERVER-72804"
}
]
}
}
}
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"cveMetadata": {
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"assignerShortName": "atlassian",
"cveId": "CVE-2021-39128",
"datePublished": "2021-09-16T05:20:10.512Z",
"dateReserved": "2021-08-16T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-10-10T16:00:53.918Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2021-4315 (GCVE-0-2021-4315)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-28 22:58 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NYUCCL psiTurk experiment.py special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in NYUCCL psiTurk up to 3.2.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file psiturk/experiment.py. The manipulation of the argument mode leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.2.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-219676.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.219676 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.219676 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/pull/517 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/commit/47787e15… | patch |
| https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/releases/tag/v3.2.1 | patch |
Impacted products
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"url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/pull/517"
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"url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/releases/tag/v3.2.1"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "psiTurk",
"vendor": "NYUCCL",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2"
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}
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"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "tool",
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been found in NYUCCL psiTurk up to 3.2.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file psiturk/experiment.py. The manipulation of the argument mode leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.2.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-219676."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "In NYUCCL psiTurk bis 3.2.0 wurde eine kritische Schwachstelle gefunden. Das betrifft eine unbekannte Funktionalit\u00e4t der Datei psiturk/experiment.py. Mittels Manipulieren des Arguments mode mit unbekannten Daten kann eine improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung. Ein Aktualisieren auf die Version 3.2.1 vermag dieses Problem zu l\u00f6sen. Der Patch wird als 47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f bezeichnet. Als bestm\u00f6gliche Massnahme wird das Einspielen eines Upgrades empfohlen."
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"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
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"url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/pull/517"
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"url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/commit/47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f"
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"value": "CVE reserved"
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"time": "2023-01-27T01:00:00.000Z",
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GHSA-27WP-JVHW-V4XP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-08 14:48 – Updated: 2024-08-08 17:00
VLAI
Summary
Shopware vulnerable to Server Side Template Injection in Twig using deprecation silence tag
Details
Impact
Shopware has a new Twig Tag sw_silent_feature_call which silences deprecation messages while triggered in this tag.
It accepts as parameter a string the feature flag name to silence, but this parameter is not escaped properly and allows execution of code.
Patches
Update to Shopware 6.6.5.1 or 6.5.8.13
Workarounds
For older versions of 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4, corresponding security measures are also available via a plugin. For the full range of functions, we recommend updating to the latest Shopware version.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.8.12"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopware/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5.8.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.8.12"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopware/platform"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5.8.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.6.5.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopware/platform"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.6.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.6.5.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopware/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.6.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1336",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-08T14:48:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-08T15:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nShopware has a new Twig Tag `sw_silent_feature_call` which silences deprecation messages while triggered in this tag.\nIt accepts as parameter a string the feature flag name to silence, but this parameter is not escaped properly and allows execution of code.\n\n### Patches\nUpdate to Shopware 6.6.5.1 or 6.5.8.13\n\n### Workarounds\nFor older versions of 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4, corresponding security measures are also available via a plugin. For the full range of functions, we recommend updating to the latest Shopware version.\n",
"id": "GHSA-27wp-jvhw-v4xp",
"modified": "2024-08-08T17:00:14Z",
"published": "2024-08-08T14:48:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/security/advisories/GHSA-27wp-jvhw-v4xp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/core/commit/a784aa1cec0624e36e0ee4d41aeebaed40e0442f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/core/commit/d35ee2eda5c995faeb08b3dad127eab65c64e2a2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/commit/445c6763cc093fbd651e0efaa4150deae4ae60da"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/commit/8504ba7e56e53add6a1d5b9d45015e3d899cd0ac"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Shopware vulnerable to Server Side Template Injection in Twig using deprecation silence tag"
}
GHSA-28GW-7MXX-5HJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-13 21:30
VLAI
Details
Improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL command in some Intel(R) Neural Compressor software before version v3.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39766"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1336"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T21:15:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL command in some Intel(R) Neural Compressor software before version v3.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-28gw-7mxx-5hjg",
"modified": "2024-11-13T21:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-11-13T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01219.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H9G-J24R-H63G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-03 18:38 – Updated: 2026-09-03 18:38
VLAI
Summary
Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -> zod module-level template literal
Details
Summary
Orval's zod schema generation emits the array-items default value as a module-level template literal (export const …Default =;) without escaping ${ or the backtick. A default of the form v${<code>}w injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.
Details
export const …Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`; // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import
Malicious input: an array property (string items) with a default of v${<attacker JS>}w. ${...} permits any JS expression.
Note: this is one of several default-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape default values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.
PoC
reproduce.sh (+ make_spec.py) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.
Impact
Code execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.
Suggested fix
Emit default values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and ${ if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every default position. maintainer-report.txt make_spec.pyreproduce.sh
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "orval"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.21.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-71869"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94",
"CWE-116",
"CWE-1336"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-03T18:38:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T18:17:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nOrval\u0027s zod schema generation emits the **array-items** `default` value as a module-level template literal (`export const \u2026Default = `\u003cdefault\u003e`;`) without escaping `${` or the backtick. A default of the form `v${\u003ccode\u003e}w` injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import \u2014 no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.\n\n### Details\n\n```ts\nexport const \u2026Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`; // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import\n```\n\nMalicious input: an array property (string items) with a `default` of `v${\u003cattacker JS\u003e}w`. `${...}` permits any JS expression.\n\nNote: this is one of several `default`-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape `default` values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.\n\n### PoC\n\n`reproduce.sh` (+ `make_spec.py`) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.\n\n### Impact\n\nCode execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.\n\n### Suggested fix\n\nEmit `default` values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and `${` if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every `default` position. [maintainer-report.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399151/maintainer-report.txt) [make_spec.py](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399152/make_spec.py)[reproduce.sh](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399153/reproduce.sh)",
"id": "GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g",
"modified": "2026-09-03T18:38:20Z",
"published": "2026-09-03T18:38:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -\u003e zod module-level template literal"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.