Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1336
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
410 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-23692 (GCVE-0-2024-23692)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-31 09:36 – Updated: 2026-08-11 03:55 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rejetto HTTP File Server 2.3m Unauthenticated RCE
Summary
Rejetto HTTP File Server, up to and including version 2.3m, is vulnerable to a template injection vulnerability. This vulnerability allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the affected system by sending a specially crafted HTTP request. As of the CVE assignment date, Rejetto HFS 2.3m is no longer supported.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-27 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vulncheck.com/advisories/rejetto-unauth-rce | third-party-advisory |
| https://mohemiv.com/all/rejetto-http-file-server-… | third-party-advisorytechnical-description |
| https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pu… | issue-tracking |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/unauthenti… | |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2024-2… | |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2024-2… |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rejetto | HTTP File Server |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.3m
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:rejetto:http_file_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| rejetto | http_file_server |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.3m
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:rejetto:http_file_server:2.3m:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-12583 (GCVE-0-2024-12583)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-04 08:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dynamics 365 Integration <= 1.3.23 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Remote Code Execution and Arbitrary File Read via Twig Server-Side Template Injection
Summary
The Dynamics 365 Integration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution and Arbitrary File Read in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.23 via Twig Server-Side Template Injection. This is due to missing input validation and sanitization on the render function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-06 16:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| alexacrm | Dynamics 365 Integration |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.3.23
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-9150 (GCVE-0-2024-9150)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-21 11:40 – Updated: 2025-02-21 13:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Code Injection in Wyn Enterprise
Summary
Report generation functionality in Wyn Enterprise allows for code inclusion, but not sufficiently limits what code might be included. An attacker is able use a low privileges account in order to abuse this functionality and execute malicious code, load DLL libraries and executing OS commands on a host system with applications high privileges.
This issue has been fixed in version 8.0.00204.0
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-21 13:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.wynenterprise.com/ | product |
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/02/CVE-2024-9150 | third-party-advisory |
| https://efigo.pl/blog/cve-2024-9150/ | technical-description |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wyn Enterprise | Wyn Enterprise |
Affected:
0 , < 8.0.00204.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-02-21 11:00
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CVE-2024-8238 (GCVE-0-2024-8238)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:11 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unrestricted Code Execution in aimhubio/aim
Summary
In version 3.22.0 of aimhubio/aim, the AimQL query language uses an outdated version of the safer_getattr() function from RestrictedPython. This version does not protect against the str.format_map() method, allowing an attacker to leak server-side secrets or potentially gain unrestricted code execution. The vulnerability arises because str.format_map() can read arbitrary attributes of Python objects, enabling attackers to access sensitive variables such as os.environ. If an attacker can write files to a known location on the Aim server, they can use str.format_map() to load a malicious .dll/.so file into the Python interpreter, leading to unrestricted code execution.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-20 14:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| aimhubio | aimhubio/aim |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-6386 (GCVE-0-2024-6386)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-21 20:29 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WPML Multilingual CMS <= 4.6.12 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Remote Code Execution via Twig Server-Side Template Injection
Summary
The WPML plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.6.12 via Twig Server-Side Template Injection. This is due to missing input validation and sanitization on the render function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-21 20:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-4040 (GCVE-0-2024-4040)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-22 19:21 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unauthenticated arbitrary file read and remote code execution in CrushFTP
Summary
A server side template injection vulnerability in CrushFTP in all versions before 10.7.1 and 11.1.0 on all platforms allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read files from the filesystem outside of the VFS Sandbox, bypass authentication to gain administrative access, and perform remote code execution on the server.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-04 16:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?pag… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?pag… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.reddit.com/r/cybersecurity/comments/1… | related |
| https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/cr… | media-coverage |
| https://www.reddit.com/r/crowdstrike/comments/1c8… | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2024/04/23/etr-u… | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/airbus-cert/CVE-2024-4040 | exploit |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CrushFTP | CrushFTP |
Affected:
10.0 , < 10.7.1
(semver)
Affected: 11.0 , < 11.1.0 (semver) |
|
| crushftp | crushftp |
Affected:
10.0 , < 10.7.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| crushftp | crushftp |
Affected:
11.0 , < 11.1.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-04-18 14:00
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CVE-2023-47542 (GCVE-0-2023-47542)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-09 14:24 – Updated: 2025-02-26 18:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine [CWE-1336] in FortiManager versions 7.4.1 and below, versions 7.2.4 and below, and 7.0.10 and below allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted templates.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-26 18:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiManager |
Affected:
7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.1
(semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.4 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.10 (semver) |
|
| fortinet | fortimanager |
Affected:
7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.1
(custom)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.4 (custom) Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.10 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimanager:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-46245 (GCVE-0-2023-46245)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-31 15:06 – Updated: 2024-08-02 20:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kimai (Authenticated) SSTI to RCE by Uploading a Malicious Twig File
Summary
Kimai is a web-based multi-user time-tracking application. Versions prior to 2.1.0 are vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) which can be escalated to Remote Code Execution (RCE). The vulnerability arises when a malicious user uploads a specially crafted Twig file, exploiting the software's PDF and HTML rendering functionalities. Version 2.1.0 enables security measures for custom Twig templates.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/commit/38e37f1c2e9… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2023-41047 (GCVE-0-2023-41047)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-09 15:18 – Updated: 2024-09-19 16:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in OctoPrint
Summary
OctoPrint is a web interface for 3D printers. OctoPrint versions up until and including 1.9.2 contain a vulnerability that allows malicious admins to configure a specially crafted GCODE script that will allow code execution during rendering of that script. An attacker might use this to extract data managed by OctoPrint, or manipulate data managed by OctoPrint, as well as execute arbitrary commands with the rights of the OctoPrint process on the server system. OctoPrint versions from 1.9.3 onward have been patched. Administrators of OctoPrint instances are advised to make sure they can trust all other administrators on their instance and to also not blindly configure arbitrary GCODE scripts found online or provided to them by third parties.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-19 16:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/commit/d00… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-34448 (GCVE-0-2023-34448)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-14 22:06 – Updated: 2024-12-18 21:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Grav Server-side Template Injection (SSTI) via Twig Default Filters
Summary
Grav is a flat-file content management system. Prior to version 1.7.42, the patch for CVE-2022-2073, a server-side template injection vulnerability in Grav leveraging the default `filter()` function, did not block other built-in functions exposed by Twig's Core Extension that could be used to invoke arbitrary unsafe functions, thereby allowing for remote code execution. A patch in version 1.74.2 overrides the built-in Twig `map()` and `reduce()` filter functions in `system/src/Grav/Common/Twig/Extension/GravExtension.php` to validate the argument passed to the filter in `$arrow`.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-18 21:38 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/8c2c1cb726… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/v1.44.7/src/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://huntr.dev/bounties/3ef640e6-9e25-4ecb-8ec… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/9d6a2d… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.