Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1336
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
410 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-14731 (GCVE-0-2025-14731)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-15 23:32 – Updated: 2025-12-16 15:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CTCMS Content Management System Frontend/Template Management CT_Parser.php special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A weakness has been identified in CTCMS Content Management System up to 2.1.2. This affects an unknown function in the library /ctcms/apps/libraries/CT_Parser.php of the component Frontend/Template Management Module. This manipulation causes improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-16 14:37 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.336488 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.336488 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.707106 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.707107 | third-party-advisory |
| https://note-hxlab.wetolink.com/share/Ros8ZIeCLQrN | related |
| https://note-hxlab.wetolink.com/share/U6cnRoRfn09r | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CTCMS | Content Management System |
Affected:
2.1.0
Affected: 2.1.1 Affected: 2.1.2 |
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CVE-2025-14700 (GCVE-0-2025-14700)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 00:04 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in Crafty Controller
Summary
An input neutralization vulnerability in the Webhook Template component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, authenticated attacker to perform remote code execution via Server Side Template Injection.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-17 21:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/crafty-controller/crafty-4/-/i… | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arcadia Technology, LLC | Crafty Controller |
Affected:
4.6.1
|
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CVE-2025-12107 (GCVE-0-2025-12107)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 10:04 – Updated: 2026-09-03 13:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Server-Side Template Injection via Velocity Template Engine in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Remote Code Execution
Summary
The Velocity template engine, utilized by the affected product, accepts and processes template syntax without sufficient sanitization or validation of user-controlled input. This allows an authenticated administrator to inject arbitrary template syntax.
Successful exploitation enables an attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary template code on the server. This can lead to significant security consequences, including remote code execution, manipulation of data, and unauthorized access to sensitive information.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-20 20:41 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSO2 | Identity Server |
Unaffected:
0 , < 5.11.0
(custom)
Affected: 5.11.0 , < 5.11.0.299 (custom) Affected: 6.0.0 , < 6.0.0.140 (custom) Affected: 6.1.0 , < 6.1.0.122 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2025-10380 (GCVE-0-2025-10380)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-23 03:34 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Advanced Views – Display Posts, Custom Fields, and More <= 3.7.19 - Authenticated (Author+) Remote Code Execution via SSTI
Summary
The Advanced Views – Display Posts, Custom Fields, and More plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection in all versions up to, and including, 3.7.19. This is due to insufficient input sanitization and lack of access control when processing custom Twig templates in the Model panel. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author-level access or higher, to execute arbitrary PHP code and commands on the server.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-23 14:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wplakeorg | Advanced Views – Display Custom Fields (ACF, Pods, MetaBox), Posts, CPT and Woo Products anywhere in Gutenberg, Elementor, Divi, Beaver… |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.7.19
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-9094 (GCVE-0-2025-9094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-17 22:32 – Updated: 2025-08-18 17:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ThingsBoard Add Gateway special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in ThingsBoard 4.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Add Gateway Handler. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor replies, that "[t]he fix will come within upcoming release (v4.2) and will be inherited by maintenance releases of LTS versions (starting 4.0)."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-18 17:41 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.320416 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.320416 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.626292 | third-party-advisory |
| https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cZy-rfQXsF58kJIV… | broken-linkexploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | ThingsBoard |
Affected:
4.1
|
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CVE-2025-6761 (GCVE-0-2025-6761)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-27 10:31 – Updated: 2025-06-27 13:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kingdee Cloud-Starry-Sky Enterprise Edition Freemarker Engine DynamicForm 4 Action.class plugin.buildMobilePopHtml special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Kingdee Cloud-Starry-Sky Enterprise Edition 6.x/7.x/8.x/9.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function plugin.buildMobilePopHtml of the file \k3\o2o\bos\webapp\action\DynamicForm 4 Action.class of the component Freemarker Engine. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The vendor explains, that in the fixed release "Freemarker is set to 'ALLOWS_NOTHING_RESOLVER' to not parse any classes."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-27 13:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.314072 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.314072 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.601207 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vip.kingdee.com/link/s/ZlWX7 | related |
| https://vip.kingdee.com/school/detail/71302870224… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdee | Cloud-Starry-Sky Enterprise Edition |
Affected:
6.x
Affected: 7.x Affected: 8.x Affected: 9.0 |
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CVE-2025-6518 (GCVE-0-2025-6518)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-23 19:00 – Updated: 2025-06-23 19:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PySpur-Dev pyspur Jinja2 Template single_llm_call.py SingleLLMCallNode special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability was found in PySpur-Dev pyspur up to 0.1.18. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function SingleLLMCallNode of the file backend/pyspur/nodes/llm/single_llm_call.py of the component Jinja2 Template Handler. The manipulation of the argument user_message leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-23 19:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.313638 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.313638 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.593612 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/PySpur-Dev/pyspur/issues/289 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PySpur-Dev | pyspur |
Affected:
0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1 Affected: 0.1.2 Affected: 0.1.3 Affected: 0.1.4 Affected: 0.1.5 Affected: 0.1.6 Affected: 0.1.7 Affected: 0.1.8 Affected: 0.1.9 Affected: 0.1.10 Affected: 0.1.11 Affected: 0.1.12 Affected: 0.1.13 Affected: 0.1.14 Affected: 0.1.15 Affected: 0.1.16 Affected: 0.1.17 Affected: 0.1.18 |
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CVE-2025-5325 (GCVE-0-2025-5325)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-29 19:31 – Updated: 2025-05-30 12:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
zhilink 智互联(深圳)科技有限公司 ADP Application Developer Platform 应用开发者平台 testService special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in zhilink 智互联(深圳)科技有限公司 ADP Application Developer Platform 应用开发者平台 1.0.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /adpweb/a/ica/api/service/rfa/testService. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-30 12:33 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.310495 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310495 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.581275 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zhilink 智互联(深圳)科技有限公司 | ADP Application Developer Platform 应用开发者平台 |
Affected:
1.0.0
|
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CVE-2025-3841 (GCVE-0-2025-3841)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-21 19:31 – Updated: 2025-04-24 12:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
wix-incubator jam Jinja2 Template jam.py special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in wix-incubator jam up to e87a6fd85cf8fb5ff37b62b2d68f917219d07ae9. This affects an unknown part of the file jam.py of the component Jinja2 Template Handler. The manipulation of the argument config['template'] leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-21 19:38 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.305769 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.305769 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.555905 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wix-incubator/jam/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wix-incubator | jam |
Affected:
e87a6fd85cf8fb5ff37b62b2d68f917219d07ae9
|
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CVE-2025-2040 (GCVE-0-2025-2040)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-06 20:00 – Updated: 2025-03-06 20:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro deploy special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro 2.4.1. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin-api/bpm/model/deploy. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-06 20:23 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.298783 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298783 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.512574 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/uglory-gll/javasec/blob/main/r… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zhijiantianya | ruoyi-vue-pro |
Affected:
2.4.1
|
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"value": "In zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro 2.4.1 wurde eine kritische Schwachstelle entdeckt. Dabei geht es um eine nicht genauer bekannte Funktion der Datei /admin-api/bpm/model/deploy. Dank Manipulation mit unbekannten Daten kann eine improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Die Umsetzung des Angriffs kann dabei \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
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"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
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"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
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"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1336",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-791",
"description": "Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-03-06T20:00:12.464Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-298783 | zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro deploy special elements used in a template engine",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.298783"
},
{
"name": "VDB-298783 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298783"
},
{
"name": "Submit #512574 | https://gitee.com/zhijiantianya/ruoyi-vue-pro ruoyi-vue-pro 2.4.1 SSTI",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.512574"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/uglory-gll/javasec/blob/main/ruoyi-vue-pro.md"
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],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-03-06T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-03-06T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-03-06T10:32:49.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro deploy special elements used in a template engine"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-2040",
"datePublished": "2025-03-06T20:00:12.464Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-03-06T09:27:39.518Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-03-06T20:23:45.787Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.