Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
866 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-14574 (GCVE-0-2026-14574)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 10:51 – Updated: 2026-08-05 13:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Eclipse Theia versions 0.7.0 and up until including 1.73.1, the `PreferenceUtils.merge` function in `@theia/core` recursively merges preference values without rejecting prototype-related keys (`__proto__`, `constructor`, `prototype`). Because this function is invoked by `PreferenceServiceImpl.doResolve` for every preference resolution across scopes (default, user, workspace, folder), a crafted preference value in a workspace settings file (`.theia/settings.json` or `.vscode/settings.json`) can pollute `Object.prototype` when the user opens the workspace, potentially altering application logic across the Theia process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 13:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Theia |
Affected:
0.7.0 , < 1.74.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-12209 (GCVE-0-2026-12209)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-15 02:15 – Updated: 2026-06-15 12:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RubyLouvre avalon Template Filter index.js prototype pollution
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in RubyLouvre avalon up to 2.2.10. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file src/filters/index.js of the component Template Filter Handler. Such manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-15 12:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/370851 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/370851/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12209 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/832447 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/OriginSecurityX/avalon-filter-rce | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RubyLouvre | avalon |
Affected:
2.2.0
Affected: 2.2.1 Affected: 2.2.2 Affected: 2.2.3 Affected: 2.2.4 Affected: 2.2.5 Affected: 2.2.6 Affected: 2.2.7 Affected: 2.2.8 Affected: 2.2.9 Affected: 2.2.10 cpe:2.3:a:rubylouvre:avalon:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-12208 (GCVE-0-2026-12208)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-15 02:00 – Updated: 2026-06-15 19:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
jsonata-js jsonata Function Binding Frame System jsonata.js createFrame prototype pollution
Summary
A weakness has been identified in jsonata-js jsonata up to 2.2.0. The affected element is the function createFrame of the file src/jsonata.js of the component Function Binding Frame System. This manipulation causes improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-15 15:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/370850 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/370850/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12208 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/832446 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/OriginSecurityX/jsonata-hasown… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jsonata-js | jsonata |
Affected:
2.0
Affected: 2.1 Affected: 2.2.0 cpe:2.3:a:jsonata-js:jsonata:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-9101 (GCVE-0-2026-9101)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 16:18 – Updated: 2026-05-27 13:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype pollution in csv parsing
Summary
Prototype pollution in csv parsing logic during import can lead to untrusted file paths (but not arguments) entering shell.openExternal after specific user behavior leading to "1-click" command execution.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-23 03:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/COMPASS-10657 | issue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MongoDB, Inc. | Compass |
Affected:
1.36.3
Affected: 1.36.4 Affected: 1.37.0 Affected: 1.38.0 Affected: 1.38.1 Affected: 1.38.2 Affected: 1.39.0 Affected: 1.39.1 Affected: 1.39.2 Affected: 1.39.3 Affected: 1.39.4 Affected: 1.40.0 Affected: 1.40.1 Affected: 1.40.2 Affected: 1.40.3 Affected: 1.40.4 Affected: 1.41.0 Affected: 1.42.0 Affected: 1.42.1 Affected: 1.42.2 Affected: 1.42.3 Affected: 1.42.5 Affected: 1.43.0 Affected: 1.43.1 Affected: 1.43.2 Affected: 1.43.3 Affected: 1.43.4 Affected: 1.43.5 Affected: 1.43.6 Affected: 1.44.0 Affected: 1.44.3 Affected: 1.44.4 Affected: 1.44.5 Affected: 1.44.6 Affected: 1.44.7 Affected: 1.45.0 Affected: 1.45.1 Affected: 1.45.2 Affected: 1.45.3 Affected: 1.45.4 Affected: 1.46.0 Affected: 1.46.1 Affected: 1.46.2 Affected: 1.46.3 Affected: 1.46.4 Affected: 1.46.5 Affected: 1.46.6 Affected: 1.46.7 Affected: 1.46.8 Affected: 1.46.9 Affected: 1.46.10 Affected: 1.46.11 Affected: 1.47.0 Affected: 1.47.1 Affected: 1.48.0 Affected: 1.48.1 Affected: 1.48.2 Affected: 1.49.0 Affected: 1.49.1 Affected: 1.49.2 Affected: 1.49.3 Affected: 1.49.4 Affected: 1.49.5 |
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CVE-2026-8161 (GCVE-0-2026-8161)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 08:50 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
multiparty vulnerable to Denial of Service via Prototype Pollution leading to Uncaught Exception
Summary
multiparty@4.2.3 and lower versions are vulnerable to denial of service via uncaught exception. By sending a multipart/form-data request with a field name that collides with an inherited Object.prototype property such as __proto__, constructor, or toString, the parser invokes .push() on the inherited prototype value rather than an array, throwing a TypeError that propagates as an uncaught exception and crashes the process. Impact: any service accepting multipart uploads via multiparty is affected. Workarounds: none. Upgrade to multiparty@4.3.0 or higher.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-12 12:31 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| multiparty | multiparty |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.2.3
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.3.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-6621 (GCVE-0-2026-6621)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 08:30 – Updated: 2026-04-20 15:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
1024bit extend-deep index.js prototype pollution
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in 1024bit extend-deep up to 0.1.6. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file index.js. This manipulation of the argument __proto__ causes improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The code repository of the project has not been active for many years.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 15:32 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/358256 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/358256/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/792387 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sudo-secure/security-research/… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1024bit | extend-deep |
Affected:
0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1 Affected: 0.1.2 Affected: 0.1.3 Affected: 0.1.4 Affected: 0.1.5 Affected: 0.1.6 |
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CVE-2026-6594 (GCVE-0-2026-6594)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 01:45 – Updated: 2026-04-20 14:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
brikcss merge prototype pollution
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in brikcss merge up to 1.3.0. This affects an unknown part. Executing a manipulation of the argument __proto__/constructor.prototype/prototype can lead to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack may be performed from remote. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 14:53 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/358229 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/358229/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/791805 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sudo-secure/security-research/… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-4239 (GCVE-0-2026-4239)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 13:02 – Updated: 2026-03-16 14:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Lagom WHMCS Template Datatables prototype pollution
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Lagom WHMCS Template up to 2.3.7. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Datatables. The manipulation results in improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-16 14:42 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351181 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351181 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.771350 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/devsamuelsantiago/lagom-protot… | exploit |
| https://github.com/devsamuelsantiago/lagom-protot… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lagom | WHMCS Template |
Affected:
2.3.0
Affected: 2.3.1 Affected: 2.3.2 Affected: 2.3.3 Affected: 2.3.4 Affected: 2.3.5 Affected: 2.3.6 Affected: 2.3.7 |
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CVE-2026-2964 (GCVE-0-2026-2964)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-23 01:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 13:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
higuma web-audio-recorder-js Dynamic Config Handling WebAudioRecorder.js extend prototype pollution
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in higuma web-audio-recorder-js 0.1/0.1.1. Impacted is the function extend in the library lib/WebAudioRecorder.js of the component Dynamic Config Handling. Such manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-23 13:49 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.347331 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347331 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.755221 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| higuma | web-audio-recorder-js |
Affected:
0.1
Affected: 0.1.1 |
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CVE-2026-2950 (GCVE-0-2026-2950)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 19:18 – Updated: 2026-04-01 13:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
lodash vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via array path bypass in `_.unset` and `_.omit`
Summary
Impact:
Lodash versions 4.17.23 and earlier are vulnerable to prototype pollution in the _.unset and _.omit functions. The fix for (CVE-2025-13465: https://github.com/lodash/lodash/security/advisories/GHSA-xxjr-mmjv-4gpg) only guards against string key members, so an attacker can bypass the check by passing array-wrapped path segments. This allows deletion of properties from built-in prototypes such as Object.prototype, Number.prototype, and String.prototype.
The issue permits deletion of prototype properties but does not allow overwriting their original behavior.
Patches:
This issue is patched in 4.18.0.
Workarounds:
None. Upgrade to the patched version.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-01 13:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lodash | lodash |
Affected:
4.17.23 , < 4.18.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.18.0 (semver) |
|
| lodash | lodash-es |
Affected:
4.17.23 , < 4.18.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.18.0 (semver) |
|
| lodash | lodash-amd |
Affected:
4.17.23 , < 4.18.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.18.0 (semver) |
|
| lodash | lodash.unset |
Affected:
4.0.0 , < 4.18.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.18.0 (semver) |
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Mitigation
Implementation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
Implementation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Implementation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.