Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
12418 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MXVG-X4FJ-7G3V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-10 00:30 – Updated: 2024-01-16 21:31
VLAI
Details
A Buffer out-of-bound read vulnerability in Exif.cpp::ReadInt32 in FreeImage 3.18.0 allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47993"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A Buffer out-of-bound read vulnerability in Exif.cpp::ReadInt32 in FreeImage 3.18.0 allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service.",
"id": "GHSA-mxvg-x4fj-7g3v",
"modified": "2024-01-16T21:31:21Z",
"published": "2024-01-10T00:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thelastede/FreeImage-cve-poc/tree/master/CVE-2023-47993"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXVJ-2MX2-4G92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42
VLAI
Details
The EAP parser in tcpdump before 4.9.2 has a buffer over-read in print-eap.c:eap_print().
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13015"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-14T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The EAP parser in tcpdump before 4.9.2 has a buffer over-read in print-eap.c:eap_print().",
"id": "GHSA-mxvj-2mx2-4g92",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/tcpdump/commit/985122081165753c7442bd7824c473eb9ff56308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHEA-2018:0705"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201709-23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT208221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.tcpdump.org/tcpdump-changes.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXW2-RG24-M422
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-05 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
media: uvcvideo: Fix 1-byte out-of-bounds read in uvc_parse_format()
The buffer length check before calling uvc_parse_format() only ensured that the buffer has at least 3 bytes (buflen > 2), buf the function accesses buffer[3], requiring at least 4 bytes.
This can lead to an out-of-bounds read if the buffer has exactly 3 bytes.
Fix it by checking that the buffer has at least 4 bytes in uvc_parse_format().
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-38680"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T16:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmedia: uvcvideo: Fix 1-byte out-of-bounds read in uvc_parse_format()\n\nThe buffer length check before calling uvc_parse_format() only ensured\nthat the buffer has at least 3 bytes (buflen \u003e 2), buf the function\naccesses buffer[3], requiring at least 4 bytes.\n\nThis can lead to an out-of-bounds read if the buffer has exactly 3 bytes.\n\nFix it by checking that the buffer has at least 4 bytes in\nuvc_parse_format().",
"id": "GHSA-mxw2-rg24-m422",
"modified": "2026-05-12T15:30:59Z",
"published": "2025-09-05T18:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38680"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1e269581b3aa5962fdc52757ab40da286168c087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/424980d33b3f816485513e538610168b03fab9f1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d4a7c0b296162354b6fc759a1475b9d57ddfaa6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/782b6a718651eda3478b1824b37a8b3185d2740c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8343f3fe0b755925f83d60b05e92bf4396879758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ad554217c9b945031c73df4e8176a475e2dea57"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a97e062e4ff3dab84a2f1eb811e9eddc6699e2a9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cac702a439050df65272c49184aef7975fe3eff2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ffdd82182953df643aa63d999b6f1653d0c93778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXWG-58M3-FRX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-19 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-22 12:00
VLAI
Details
Possible buffer overflow due to lack of buffer length check during management frame Rx handling lead to denial of service in Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25663"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Possible buffer overflow due to lack of buffer length check during management frame Rx handling lead to denial of service in Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity",
"id": "GHSA-mxwg-58m3-frx5",
"modified": "2022-10-22T12:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-10-19T12:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25663"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/october-2022-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P22G-5JC2-VVWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:25 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:25
VLAI
Details
A stack-based buffer over-read in the PdfEncryptMD5Base::ComputeEncryptionKey() function in PdfEncrypt.cpp in PoDoFo 0.9.6-rc1 could be leveraged by remote attackers to cause a denial-of-service via a crafted pdf file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-29T05:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer over-read in the PdfEncryptMD5Base::ComputeEncryptionKey() function in PdfEncrypt.cpp in PoDoFo 0.9.6-rc1 could be leveraged by remote attackers to cause a denial-of-service via a crafted pdf file.",
"id": "GHSA-p22g-5jc2-vvwx",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:25:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:25:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1595693"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LEJQUDZT4JRJSPZYY3UPSCTFPAC5TUHK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UMEMSUUXA3SL3AZAKKCTZFXVPHTBBK3O"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P22R-5F28-437X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-01 03:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerbility was found in OpenSC. This security flaw cause a buffer overrun vulnerability in pkcs15 cardos_have_verifyrc_package. The attacker can supply a smart card package with malformed ASN1 context. The cardos_have_verifyrc_package function scans the ASN1 buffer for 2 tags, where remaining length is wrongly caculated due to moved starting pointer. This leads to possible heap-based buffer oob read. In cases where ASAN is enabled while compiling this causes a crash. Further info leak or more damage is possible.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2977"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-01T01:15:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerbility was found in OpenSC. This security flaw cause a buffer overrun vulnerability in pkcs15 cardos_have_verifyrc_package. The attacker can supply a smart card package with malformed ASN1 context. The cardos_have_verifyrc_package function scans the ASN1 buffer for 2 tags, where remaining length is wrongly caculated due to moved starting pointer. This leads to possible heap-based buffer oob read. In cases where ASAN is enabled while compiling this causes a crash. Further info leak or more damage is possible.",
"id": "GHSA-p22r-5f28-437x",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:30:37Z",
"published": "2023-06-01T03:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2977"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/issues/2785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/pull/2787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-2977"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2211088"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/06/msg00025.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/12/msg00026.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FJD4Q4AJSGE5UIJI7OUYZY4HGGCVYQNI"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LAR54OV6EHA56B4XJF6RNPQ4HJ2ITU66"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FJD4Q4AJSGE5UIJI7OUYZY4HGGCVYQNI"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LAR54OV6EHA56B4XJF6RNPQ4HJ2ITU66"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P23X-HC9C-JFQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in Contiki-NG through 4.1. There is a buffer over-read in lookup in os/storage/antelope/lvm.c while parsing AQL (lvm_register_variable, lvm_set_variable_value, create_intersection, create_union).
Severity
7.0 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16667"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-07T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Contiki-NG through 4.1. There is a buffer over-read in lookup in os/storage/antelope/lvm.c while parsing AQL (lvm_register_variable, lvm_set_variable_value, create_intersection, create_union).",
"id": "GHSA-p23x-hc9c-jfq6",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:50:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16667"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/contiki-ng/contiki-ng/issues/597"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P24V-8Q79-CJW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:45
VLAI
Details
In heap of spaces.h, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote information disclosure when processing a proxy auto config file with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9 Android ID: A-117555811
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-2051"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-08T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In heap of spaces.h, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote information disclosure when processing a proxy auto config file with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9 Android ID: A-117555811",
"id": "GHSA-p24v-8q79-cjw3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:45:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2019-05-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P266-QGXQ-GJH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 18:32 – Updated: 2026-09-08 18:32
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-69532"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T18:19:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-p266-qgxq-gjh2",
"modified": "2026-09-08T18:32:43Z",
"published": "2026-09-08T18:32:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-69532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-69532"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P279-MM9J-77G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-09 21:32
VLAI
Details
Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30365, 26.001.21651 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47926"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T21:17:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30365, 26.001.21651 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-p279-mm9j-77g2",
"modified": "2026-06-09T21:32:38Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T21:32:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb26-63.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.