Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
17521 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-43554 (GCVE-0-2023-43554)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-01 14:17 – Updated: 2024-08-02 19:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Restriction of Operations withing the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in DSP Services
Summary
Memory corruption while processing IOCTL handler in FastRPC.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
29 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
AQT1000
Affected: FastConnect 6200 Affected: FastConnect 6700 Affected: FastConnect 6800 Affected: FastConnect 6900 Affected: FastConnect 7800 Affected: QCA6391 Affected: QCA6420 Affected: QCA6430 Affected: QCM5430 Affected: QCM6490 Affected: QCS5430 Affected: QCS6490 Affected: Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC3 Platform Affected: SC8180X+SDX55 Affected: SC8380XP Affected: Snapdragon 7c+ Gen 3 Compute Affected: Snapdragon 8c Compute Platform (SC8180X-AD) "Poipu Lite" Affected: Snapdragon 8c Compute Platform (SC8180XP-AD) "Poipu Lite" Affected: Snapdragon 8cx Compute Platform (SC8180X-AA, AB) Affected: Snapdragon 8cx Compute Platform (SC8180XP-AC, AF) "Poipu Pro" Affected: Snapdragon 8cx Gen 2 5G Compute Platform (SC8180X-AC, AF) "Poipu Pro" Affected: Snapdragon 8cx Gen 2 5G Compute Platform (SC8180XP-AA, AB) Affected: Snapdragon 8cx Gen 3 Compute Platform (SC8280XP-AB, BB) Affected: WCD9340 Affected: WCD9341 Affected: WCD9370 Affected: WCD9375 Affected: WCD9380 Affected: WCD9385 Affected: WSA8810 Affected: WSA8815 Affected: WSA8830 Affected: WSA8835 Affected: WSA8840 Affected: WSA8845 Affected: WSA8845H |
|
| qualcomm | aqt1000_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:aqt1000_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | fastconnect_6200_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_6200_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | fastconnect_6700_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_6700_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | fastconnect_6800_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_6800_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | fastconnect_6900_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_6900_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | fastconnect_7800_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_7800_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | qca6391_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6391_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | qca6420_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6420_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | qca6430_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6430_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | qcm5430_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm5430_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | qcm6490_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm6490_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | qcs5430_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs5430_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | qcs6490_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs6490_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | qualcomm_video_collaboration_vc3_platform_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qualcomm_video_collaboration_vc3_platform_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | sc8380xp_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sc8380xp_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wcd9340_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9340_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wcd9341_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9341_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wcd9370_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9370_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wcd9375_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9375_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wcd9380_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9380_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wcd9385_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9385_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wsa8810_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8810_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wsa8815_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8815_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wsa8830_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8830_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wsa8835_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8835_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wsa8840_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8840_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wsa8845_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8845_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| qualcomm | wsa8845h_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8845h_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"versions": [
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Snapdragon 8cx Compute Platform (SC8180XP-AC, AF) \"Poipu Pro\""
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Snapdragon 8cx Gen 2 5G Compute Platform (SC8180X-AC, AF) \"Poipu Pro\""
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Snapdragon 8cx Gen 2 5G Compute Platform (SC8180XP-AA, AB)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Snapdragon 8cx Gen 3 Compute Platform (SC8280XP-AB, BB)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCD9340"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCD9385"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8815"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8830"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8835"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8840"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8845"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8845H"
}
]
}
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"descriptions": [
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"value": "Memory corruption while processing IOCTL handler in FastRPC."
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CVE-2023-42078 (GCVE-0-2023-42078)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:12 – Updated: 2024-08-02 19:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PDF-XChange Editor JP2 File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
PDF-XChange Editor JP2 File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JP2 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21850.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.tracker-software.com/support/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PDF-XChange | PDF-XChange Editor |
Affected:
10.0.1.371
|
|
| pdf-xchange | pdf-xchange_editor |
Affected:
10.0.1.371
cpe:2.3:a:pdf-xchange:pdf-xchange_editor:10.0.1.371:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2023-09-08 16:30
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CVE-2023-42047 (GCVE-0-2023-42047)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:12 – Updated: 2024-08-02 19:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PDF-XChange Editor JP2 File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
PDF-XChange Editor JP2 File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JP2 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20908.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.tracker-software.com/support/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PDF-XChange | PDF-XChange Editor |
Affected:
9.5.368.0
|
|
| pdf-xchange | pdf-xchange_editor |
Affected:
10.0.1.371
cpe:2.3:a:pdf-xchange:pdf-xchange_editor:10.0.1.371:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| pdf-xchange | pdf-tools |
Affected:
10.0.1.371
cpe:2.3:a:pdf-xchange:pdf-tools:10.0.1.371:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| pdf-xchange | pdf-xchange_pro |
Affected:
10.0.1.371
cpe:2.3:a:pdf-xchange:pdf-xchange_pro:10.0.1.371:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2023-09-08 16:28
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CVE-2023-42043 (GCVE-0-2023-42043)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:12 – Updated: 2024-08-02 19:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PDF-XChange Editor PDF File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
PDF-XChange Editor PDF File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20887.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.tracker-software.com/support/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PDF-XChange | PDF-XChange Editor |
Affected:
9.5.368.0
|
|
| pdf-xchange | pdf-xchange_editor |
Affected:
9.5.368.0
cpe:2.3:a:pdf-xchange:pdf-xchange_editor:9.5.368.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2023-09-08 16:29
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CVE-2023-42037 (GCVE-0-2023-42037)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:12 – Updated: 2024-09-18 18:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kofax Power PDF PDF File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Kofax Power PDF PDF File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21583.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-09-08 16:31
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CVE-2023-42036 (GCVE-0-2023-42036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:12 – Updated: 2024-09-18 18:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kofax Power PDF PDF File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Kofax Power PDF PDF File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21582.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-09-08 16:31
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CVE-2023-41846 (GCVE-0-2023-41846)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-12 09:32 – Updated: 2024-09-26 14:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2201 (All versions < V2201.0008), Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2302 (All versions < V2302.0002). The affected application is vulnerable to memory corruption while parsing specially crafted SPP files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2201 |
Affected:
All versions < V2201.0008
|
|
| Siemens | Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2302 |
Affected:
All versions < V2302.0002
|
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CVE-2023-41779 (GCVE-0-2023-41779)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-03 01:40 – Updated: 2024-08-26 19:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Illegal Memory Access Vulnerability of ZTE's ZXCLOUD iRAI
Summary
There is an illegal memory access vulnerability of ZTE's ZXCLOUD iRAI product.When the vulnerability is exploited by an attacker with the common user permission, the physical machine will be crashed.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZTE | ZXCLOUD iRAI |
Affected:
ZTE iRAI 7.23.21 or later , ≤ 7.23.21
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-01-03 01:40
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CVE-2023-40661 (GCVE-0-2023-40661)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-06 16:58 – Updated: 2025-11-06 22:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Opensc: multiple memory issues with pkcs15-init (enrollment tool)
Summary
Several memory vulnerabilities were identified within the OpenSC packages, particularly in the card enrollment process using pkcs15-init when a user or administrator enrolls cards. To take advantage of these flaws, an attacker must have physical access to the computer system and employ a custom-crafted USB device or smart card to manipulate responses to APDUs. This manipulation can potentially allow
compromise key generation, certificate loading, and other card management operations during enrollment.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
12 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7876 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7879 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-40661 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2240913 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/issues/2792#issu… | |
| https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/releases/tag/0.2… | |
| https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/wiki/OpenSC-secu… | |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/13/3 | x_transferred |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023… | x_transferred |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | x_transferred |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | x_transferred |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024… |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
0 , < 0.24.0
(semver)
|
|||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:0.20.0-7.el8_9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:0.23.0-3.el9_3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
Date Public
2023-09-25 00:00
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CVE-2023-40052 (GCVE-0-2023-40052)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-18 15:11 – Updated: 2024-08-29 19:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Progress Application Server (PAS) for OpenEdge Denial of Service
Summary
This issue affects Progress Application Server (PAS) for OpenEdge in versions 11.7 prior to 11.7.18, 12.2 prior to 12.2.13, and innovation releases prior to 12.8.0
.
An attacker who can produce a malformed web request may cause the crash of a PASOE agent potentially disrupting the thread activities of many web application clients. Multiple of these DoS attacks could lead to the flooding of invalid requests as compared to the server’s remaining ability to process valid requests.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.progress.com/openedge | product |
| https://community.progress.com/s/article/Importan… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software Corporation | OpenEdge |
Affected:
11.7.0 , < 11.7.18
(semver)
Affected: 12.2.0 , < 12.2.13 (semver) Affected: Innovation Releases , < 12.8.0 (semver) |
|
| progress | openedge |
Affected:
11.7 , < 11.7.18
(semver)
Affected: 12.2.0 , < 12.2.13 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:progress:openedge:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| progress | openedge_innovation |
Affected:
0 , < 12.8.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:progress:openedge_innovation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.