Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-119

Discouraged

Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

17521 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-49701 (GCVE-0-2023-49701)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-30 07:15 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:01
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds access a buffer in SIM management
Summary
Memory Corruption in SIM management while USIMPhase2init
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
ASR
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ASR Falcon Unaffected: 0 , < CP01.057.063 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-11-30 07:02
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-49699 (GCVE-0-2023-49699)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-30 07:04 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:01
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds access a buffer in IMS
Summary
Memory Corruption in IMS while calling VoLTE Streamingmedia Interface
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
ASR
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ASR Falcon Unaffected: 0 , < CP01.057.063 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-11-30 07:02
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-49618 (GCVE-0-2023-49618)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-12 21:20 – Updated: 2025-02-18 19:54
VLAI
Summary
Improper buffer restrictions in some Intel(R) System Security Report and System Resources Defense firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • Escalation of Privilege
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Intel(R) System Security Report and System Resources Defense firmware Affected: See references
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-48267 (GCVE-0-2023-48267)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-12 21:20 – Updated: 2026-02-26 19:08
VLAI
Summary
Improper buffer restrictions in some Intel(R) System Security Report and System Resources Defense firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
Severity
7.9 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • Escalation of Privilege
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Intel(R) System Security Report and System Resources Defense firmware Affected: See references
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-45235 (GCVE-0-2023-45235)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-16 16:11 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:17
VLAI
Title
Buffer Overflow in EDK II Network Package
Summary
EDK2's Network Package is susceptible to a buffer overflow vulnerability when handling Server ID option from a DHCPv6 proxy Advertise message. This vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker to gain unauthorized access and potentially lead to a loss of Confidentiality, Integrity and/or Availability.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TianoCore edk2 Affected: edk2-stable202308
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Quarkslab Vulnerability Reports Team Doug Flick
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-45234 (GCVE-0-2023-45234)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-16 16:14 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:17
VLAI
Title
Buffer Overflow in EDK II Network Package
Summary
EDK2's Network Package is susceptible to a buffer overflow vulnerability when processing DNS Servers option from a DHCPv6 Advertise message. This vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker to gain unauthorized access and potentially lead to a loss of Confidentiality, Integrity and/or Availability.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TianoCore edk2 Affected: edk2-stable202308
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Quarkslab Vulnerability Reports Team Doug Flick
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-45230 (GCVE-0-2023-45230)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-16 16:08 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:17
VLAI
Title
Buffer Overflow in EDK II Network Package
Summary
EDK2's Network Package is susceptible to a buffer overflow vulnerability via a long server ID option in DHCPv6 client. This vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker to gain unauthorized access and potentially lead to a loss of Confidentiality, Integrity and/or Availability.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TianoCore edk2 Affected: edk2-stable202308
Create a notification for this product.
tianocore edk2 Affected: edk2-stable202308
    cpe:2.3:a:tianocore:edk2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Quarkslab Vulnerability Reports Team Doug Flick
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-45221 (GCVE-0-2023-45221)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-16 20:47 – Updated: 2024-08-02 20:14
VLAI
Summary
Improper buffer restrictions in Intel(R) Media SDK all versions may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • escalation of privilege
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Intel(R) Media SDK Affected: See references
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-45168 (GCVE-0-2023-45168)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-01 14:10 – Updated: 2024-08-02 20:14
VLAI
Title
IBM AIX command execution
Summary
IBM AIX 7.2, 7.3, and VIOS 3.1 could allow a non-privileged local user to exploit a vulnerability in the invscout command to execute arbitrary commands. IBM X-Force ID: 267966.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
ibm
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM AIX Affected: 7.2, 7.3, VIOS 3.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-44184 (GCVE-0-2023-44184)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-12 23:02 – Updated: 2024-09-17 16:11
VLAI
Title
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: High CPU load due to specific NETCONF command
Summary
An Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in the management daemon (mgd) process of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a network-based authenticated low-privileged attacker, by executing a specific command via NETCONF, to cause a CPU Denial of Service to the device's control plane. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS * All versions prior to 20.4R3-S7; * 21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-S5; * 21.3 versions prior to 21.3R3-S5; * 21.4 versions prior to 21.4R3-S4; * 22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3-S2; * 22.2 versions prior to 22.2R3; * 22.3 versions prior to 22.3R2-S1, 22.3R3; * 22.4 versions prior to 22.4R1-S2, 22.4R2. Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved * All versions prior to 21.4R3-S4-EVO; * 22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3-S2-EVO; * 22.2 versions prior to 22.2R3-EVO; * 22.3 versions prior to 22.3R3-EVO; * 22.4 versions prior to 22.4R2-EVO. An indicator of compromise can be seen by first determining if the NETCONF client is logged in and fails to log out after a reasonable period of time and secondly reviewing the WCPU percentage for the mgd process by running the following command: mgd process example: user@device-re#> show system processes extensive | match "mgd|PID" | except last PID USERNAME PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE C TIME WCPU COMMAND 92476 root 100 0 500M 89024K CPU3 3 57.5H 89.60% mgd <<<<<<<<<<< review the high cpu percentage. Example to check for NETCONF activity: While there is no specific command that shows a specific session in use for NETCONF, you can review logs for UI_LOG_EVENT with "client-mode 'netconf'" For example: mgd[38121]: UI_LOGIN_EVENT: User 'root' login, class 'super-user' [38121], ssh-connection '10.1.1.1 201 55480 10.1.1.2 22', client-mode 'netconf'
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Juniper Networks Junos OS Affected: 0 , < 20.4R3-S7 (semver)
Affected: 21.1 , < 21.1R1 (semver)
Affected: 21.2 , < 21.2R3-S5 (semver)
Affected: 21.3 , < 21.3R3-S5 (semver)
Affected: 21.4 , < 21.4R3-S4 (semver)
Affected: 22.1 , < 22.1R3-S2 (semver)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R3 (semver)
Affected: 22.3 , < 22.3R2-S1, 22.3R3 (semver)
Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R1-S2, 22.4R2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved Affected: 0 , < 21.4R3-S4-EVO (semver)
Affected: 22.1 , < 22.1R3-S2-EVO (semver)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R3-EVO (semver)
Affected: 22.3 , < 22.3R3-EVO (semver)
Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R2-EVO (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-10-11 16:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        "discovery": "USER"
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          "time": "2023-10-11T16:00:00.000Z",
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      "title": "Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: High CPU load due to specific NETCONF command",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eTo reduce the risk of exploitation enable access control lists (ACLs) and other filtering mechanisms to limit access to the device only from trusted hosts and networks to the NETCONF service.\u003c/p\u003e"
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          "value": "To reduce the risk of exploitation enable access control lists (ACLs) and other filtering mechanisms to limit access to the device only from trusted hosts and networks to the NETCONF service.\n\n"
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    "assignerShortName": "juniper",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-44184",
    "datePublished": "2023-10-12T23:02:34.571Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-09-26T19:30:17.664Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-09-17T16:11:00.874Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
  • Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
  • Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
  • Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
  • When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
  • Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
  • If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables

This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.

CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers

Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.

CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation

An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.

CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow

This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.

CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow

In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).

CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion

An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.

CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File

An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.

CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links

This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.

CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags

This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.

CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion

In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.

CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call

This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.

CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities

This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.

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