CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
17495 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X6RR-372C-RMR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:03 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:03A vulnerability in the Identity Firewall feature of Cisco ASA Software before 9.6(2.1) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a reload of the affected system or to remotely execute code. The vulnerability is due to a buffer overflow in the affected code area. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted NetBIOS packet in response to a NetBIOS probe sent by the ASA software. An exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code and obtain full control of the system or cause a reload of the affected system. Note: Only traffic directed to the affected system can be used to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability affects systems configured in routed and transparent firewall mode and in single or multiple context mode. This vulnerability can be triggered by IPv4 traffic.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6432"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-27T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Identity Firewall feature of Cisco ASA Software before 9.6(2.1) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a reload of the affected system or to remotely execute code. The vulnerability is due to a buffer overflow in the affected code area. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted NetBIOS packet in response to a NetBIOS probe sent by the ASA software. An exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code and obtain full control of the system or cause a reload of the affected system. Note: Only traffic directed to the affected system can be used to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability affects systems configured in routed and transparent firewall mode and in single or multiple context mode. This vulnerability can be triggered by IPv4 traffic.",
"id": "GHSA-x6rr-372c-rmr2",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:03:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:03:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161019-asa-idfw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037059"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X6RW-M9V7-FF3G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38A vulnerability in the implementation of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) functionality in Cisco Small Business SPA50x, SPA51x, and SPA52x Series IP Phones could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause an affected device to become unresponsive, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to the improper handling of SIP request messages by an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using formatted specifiers in a SIP payload that is sent to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to become unresponsive, resulting in a DoS condition that persists until the device is restarted manually. This vulnerability affects Cisco Small Business SPA50x, SPA51x, and SPA52x Series IP Phones that are running firmware release 7.6.2SR1 or earlier. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvc63986.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-19T08:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the implementation of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) functionality in Cisco Small Business SPA50x, SPA51x, and SPA52x Series IP Phones could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause an affected device to become unresponsive, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to the improper handling of SIP request messages by an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using formatted specifiers in a SIP payload that is sent to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to become unresponsive, resulting in a DoS condition that persists until the device is restarted manually. This vulnerability affects Cisco Small Business SPA50x, SPA51x, and SPA52x Series IP Phones that are running firmware release 7.6.2SR1 or earlier. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvc63986.",
"id": "GHSA-x6rw-m9v7-ff3g",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20171018-sip1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039616"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X6RX-7W39-QPG5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-05 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-05 18:31Improper restriction of write operations in SNP firmware could allow a malicious hypervisor to overwrite a guest's UMC seed potentially allowing reading of memory from a decommissioned guest.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-05T16:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper restriction of write operations in SNP firmware could allow a malicious hypervisor to overwrite a guest\u0027s UMC seed potentially allowing reading of memory from a decommissioned guest.",
"id": "GHSA-x6rx-7w39-qpg5",
"modified": "2024-08-05T18:31:43Z",
"published": "2024-08-05T18:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/amd-sb-3011.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X6W2-3V28-F4M6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:58 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:58Stack-based buffer overflow in the parsePresentationContext function in storescp in DICOM dcmtk-3.6.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) via a long string sent to TCP port 4242.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-8979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-15T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in the parsePresentationContext function in storescp in DICOM dcmtk-3.6.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) via a long string sent to TCP port 4242.",
"id": "GHSA-x6w2-3v28-f4m6",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:58:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:58:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-8979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1405919"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/140191/DCMTK-storescp-DICOM-storage-C-STORE-SCP-Remote-Stack-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/12/18/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94951"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2016-5384.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X6W4-6WG6-779C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:33 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:33XnView Classic for Windows Version 2.40 might allow attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted .rle file, related to "Data from Faulting Address controls Branch Selection starting at ntdll_77df0000!LdrpFindLoadedDllByHandle+0x0000000000000031."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-10763"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-05T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "XnView Classic for Windows Version 2.40 might allow attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted .rle file, related to \"Data from Faulting Address controls Branch Selection starting at ntdll_77df0000!LdrpFindLoadedDllByHandle+0x0000000000000031.\"",
"id": "GHSA-x6w4-6wg6-779c",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:33:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:33:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-10763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wlinzi/security_advisories/tree/master/CVE-2017-10763"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X6X4-PHH7-F9MR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:22 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:22The glob implementation in tnftpd (formerly lukemftpd), as used in Apple OS X before 10.11, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and daemon outage) via a STAT command containing a crafted pattern, as demonstrated by multiple instances of the {..,..,..}/* substring.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5917"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-10-09T05:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The glob implementation in tnftpd (formerly lukemftpd), as used in Apple OS X before 10.11, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and daemon outage) via a STAT command containing a crafted pattern, as demonstrated by multiple instances of the {..,..,..}/* substring.",
"id": "GHSA-x6x4-phh7-f9mr",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:22:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:22:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5917"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2013040082"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT205267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBK4QYkUm10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2015/Sep/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1033703"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X6XC-H4VP-M33R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:32 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:32Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-0270, CVE-2014-0273, and CVE-2014-0274.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-02-12T04:50:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka \"Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-0270, CVE-2014-0273, and CVE-2014-0274.",
"id": "GHSA-x6xc-h4vp-m33r",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:32:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:32:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2014/ms14-010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/90778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/103186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/56796"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/65388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1029741"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X6XM-GHM9-28CR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-21 09:31 – Updated: 2024-05-01 18:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ksmbd: fix out of bounds in init_smb2_rsp_hdr()
If client send smb2 negotiate request and then send smb1 negotiate request, init_smb2_rsp_hdr is called for smb1 negotiate request since need_neg is set to false. This patch ignore smb1 packets after ->need_neg is set to false.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-21T08:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nksmbd: fix out of bounds in init_smb2_rsp_hdr()\n\nIf client send smb2 negotiate request and then send smb1 negotiate\nrequest, init_smb2_rsp_hdr is called for smb1 negotiate request since\nneed_neg is set to false. This patch ignore smb1 packets after -\u003eneed_neg\nis set to false.",
"id": "GHSA-x6xm-ghm9-28cr",
"modified": "2024-05-01T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-02-21T09:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/330d900620dfc9893011d725b3620cd2ee0bc2bc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/536bb492d39bb6c080c92f31e8a55fe9934f452b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c0df9d30c289d6b9d7d44e2a450de2f8e3cf40b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa669ef229ae8dd779da9caa24e254964545895f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/18/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X723-G4P2-W8M5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:20Buffer over-reads were discovered in the CoAP library in Arm Mbed OS 5.15.3. The CoAP parser is responsible for parsing received CoAP packets. The function sn_coap_parser_options_parse() parses CoAP input linearly using a while loop. Once an option is parsed in a loop, the current point (*packet_data_pptr) is increased correspondingly. The pointer is restricted by the size of the received buffer, as well as by the option delta and option length bytes. The actual input packet length is not verified against the number of bytes read when processing the option extended delta and the option extended length. Moreover, the calculation of the message_left variable, in the case of non-extended option deltas, is incorrect and indicates more data left for processing than provided in the function input. All of these lead to heap-based or stack-based memory location read access that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer. Depending on the platform-specific memory management mechanisms, it can lead to processing of unintended inputs or system memory access violation errors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12883"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-18T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Buffer over-reads were discovered in the CoAP library in Arm Mbed OS 5.15.3. The CoAP parser is responsible for parsing received CoAP packets. The function sn_coap_parser_options_parse() parses CoAP input linearly using a while loop. Once an option is parsed in a loop, the current point (*packet_data_pptr) is increased correspondingly. The pointer is restricted by the size of the received buffer, as well as by the option delta and option length bytes. The actual input packet length is not verified against the number of bytes read when processing the option extended delta and the option extended length. Moreover, the calculation of the message_left variable, in the case of non-extended option deltas, is incorrect and indicates more data left for processing than provided in the function input. All of these lead to heap-based or stack-based memory location read access that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer. Depending on the platform-specific memory management mechanisms, it can lead to processing of unintended inputs or system memory access violation errors.",
"id": "GHSA-x723-g4p2-w8m5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:20:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12883"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-os/issues/12925"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-os/issues/12926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-os/issues/12927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-coap/pull/116"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X72M-4FVC-5G29
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:06 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:48Internet Explorer in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 8.1 and Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012 and R2, Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server, version 1709 allows an attacker to gain the same user rights as the current user, due to how Internet Explorer handles objects in memory, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-11856.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-11855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-15T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Internet Explorer in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 8.1 and Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012 and R2, Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server, version 1709 allows an attacker to gain the same user rights as the current user, due to how Internet Explorer handles objects in memory, aka \"Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability\". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-11856.",
"id": "GHSA-x72m-4fvc-5g29",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:48:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:06:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-11855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101751"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.