Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-113
AllowedImproper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives data from an HTTP agent/component (e.g., web server, proxy, browser, etc.), but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.
177 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-42450 (GCVE-0-2023-42450)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-19 15:53 – Updated: 2025-06-18 14:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mastodon Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability
Summary
Mastodon is a free, open-source social network server based on ActivityPub. Starting in version 4.2.0-beta1 and prior to version 4.2.0-rc2, by crafting specific input, attackers can inject arbitrary data into HTTP requests issued by Mastodon. This can be used to perform confused deputy attacks if the server configuration includes `ALLOWED_PRIVATE_ADDRESSES` to allow access to local exploitable services. Version 4.2.0-rc2 has a patch for the issue.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/commit/94893… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-41834 (GCVE-0-2023-41834)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-19 12:34 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Flink Stateful Functions allowed HTTP header injection due to Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences
Summary
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers in Apache Flink Stateful Functions 3.1.0, 3.1.1 and 3.2.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and conduct HTTP response splitting attacks via crafted HTTP requests. Attackers could potentially inject malicious content into the HTTP response that is sent to the user's browser.
Users should upgrade to Apache Flink Stateful Functions version 3.3.0.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Flink Stateful Functions |
Affected:
3.1.0 , ≤ 3.2.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2023-34472 (GCVE-0-2023-34472)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-05 18:08 – Updated: 2024-10-28 17:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
AMI SPx contains a vulnerability in the BMC where an Attacker may cause an improper neutralization of CRLF sequences in HTTP Headers. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to a loss of integrity.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMI | MegaRAC_SPx |
Affected:
12.0 , < 12.7
(RC)
Affected: 13.0 , < 13.5 (RC) |
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CVE-2023-32708 (GCVE-0-2023-32708)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-01 16:34 – Updated: 2025-02-28 11:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Response Splitting via the ‘rest’ SPL Command
Summary
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Severity
7.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-113 - The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
8.1 , < 8.1.14
(custom)
Affected: 8.2 , < 8.2.11 (custom) Affected: 9.0 , < 9.0.5 (custom) |
|
| Splunk | Splunk Cloud Platform |
Affected:
- , < 9.0.2303.100
(custom)
|
Date Public
2023-06-01 00:00
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CVE-2023-0508 (GCVE-0-2023-0508)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-07 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-07 16:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting') in GitLab
Summary
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 15.4 before 15.10.8, all versions starting from 15.11 before 15.11.7, all versions starting from 16.0 before 16.0.2. Open redirection was possible via HTTP response splitting in the NPM package API.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper neutralization of crlf sequences in http headers ('http response splitting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2022-42472 (GCVE-0-2022-42472)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-16 18:07 – Updated: 2024-10-22 20:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A improper neutralization of crlf sequences in http headers ('http response splitting') in Fortinet FortiOS versions 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, 6.4.0 through 6.4.11, 6.2.0 through 6.2.12, 6.0.0 through 6.0.16, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, 7.0.0 through 7.0.7, 2.0.0 through 2.0.10, 1.2.0 through 1.2.13, 1.1.0 through 1.1.6 may allow an authenticated and remote attacker to perform an HTTP request splitting attack which gives attackers control of the remaining headers and body of the response.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiProxy |
Affected:
7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.1
(semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.7 (semver) Affected: 2.0.0 , ≤ 2.0.10 (semver) Affected: 1.2.0 , ≤ 1.2.13 (semver) Affected: 1.1.0 , ≤ 1.1.6 (semver) |
|
| Fortinet | FortiOS |
Affected:
7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.2
(semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.8 (semver) Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.11 (semver) Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.12 (semver) Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.16 (semver) |
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CVE-2022-42471 (GCVE-0-2022-42471)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-03 16:58 – Updated: 2024-10-22 20:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An improper neutralization of CRLF sequences in HTTP headers ('HTTP Response Splitting') vulnerability [CWE-113] In FortiWeb version 7.0.0 through 7.0.2, FortiWeb version 6.4.0 through 6.4.2, FortiWeb version 6.3.6 through 6.3.20 may allow an authenticated and remote attacker to inject arbitrary headers.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2022-41915 (GCVE-0-2022-41915)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-13 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Netty project is an event-driven asynchronous network application framework. Starting in version 4.1.83.Final and prior to 4.1.86.Final, when calling `DefaultHttpHeadesr.set` with an _iterator_ of values, header value validation was not performed, allowing malicious header values in the iterator to perform HTTP Response Splitting. This issue has been patched in version 4.1.86.Final. Integrators can work around the issue by changing the `DefaultHttpHeaders.set(CharSequence, Iterator<?>)` call, into a `remove()` call, and call `add()` in a loop over the iterator of values.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
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CVE-2022-37953 (GCVE-0-2022-37953)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-25 17:26 – Updated: 2024-09-16 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WorkstationST - Response Splitting in AM Gateway Challenge-Response
Summary
An HTTP response splitting vulnerability exists in the AM Gateway Challenge-Response dialog of WorkstationST (<v07.09.15) and could allow an attacker to compromise a victim's browser/session. WorkstationST is only deployed in specific, controlled environments rendering attack complexity significantly higher than if the attack were conducted on the software in isolation. WorkstationST v07.09.15 can be found in ControlST v07.09.07 SP8 and greater.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ge.com/content/dam/cyber_security/glo… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GE Gas Power | WorkstationST |
Affected:
unspecified , < 07.09.15
(custom)
|
Date Public
2022-08-23 00:00
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CVE-2022-37436 (GCVE-0-2022-37436)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-17 19:12 – Updated: 2025-04-04 18:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HTTP Server: mod_proxy prior to 2.4.55 allows a backend to trigger HTTP response splitting
Summary
Prior to Apache HTTP Server 2.4.55, a malicious backend can cause the response headers to be truncated early, resulting in some headers being incorporated into the response body. If the later headers have any security purpose, they will not be interpreted by the client.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities… | vendor-advisory |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-01 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HTTP Server |
Affected:
0 , < 2.4.55
(semver)
|
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Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Construct HTTP headers very carefully, avoiding the use of non-validated input data.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. If an input does not strictly conform to specifications, reject it or transform it into something that conforms.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-30
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-105: HTTP Request Splitting
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to split a single HTTP request into multiple unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.
CAPEC-34: HTTP Response Splitting
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content, in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server) or into an already spoofed HTTP response from an adversary controlled domain/site.
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.