CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
452 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CFQJ-PP96-JG9C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:49 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:49TP-Link TL-WR841N v13 00000001 0.9.1 4.16 v0001.0 Build 180119 Rel.65243n devices allow clickjacking.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12576"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-02T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "TP-Link TL-WR841N v13 00000001 0.9.1 4.16 v0001.0 Build 180119 Rel.65243n devices allow clickjacking.",
"id": "GHSA-cfqj-pp96-jg9c",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:49:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:49:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://software-talk.org/blog/2018/04/tplink-wr841n-clickjacking-https"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJ2J-JVQC-2VRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-04 15:31 – Updated: 2025-02-05 18:34The fullscreen notification is prematurely hidden when fullscreen is re-requested quickly by the user. This could have been leveraged to perform a potential spoofing attack. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 135 and Thunderbird < 135.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1018"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-04T14:15:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The fullscreen notification is prematurely hidden when fullscreen is re-requested quickly by the user. This could have been leveraged to perform a potential spoofing attack. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 135 and Thunderbird \u003c 135.",
"id": "GHSA-cj2j-jvqc-2vrv",
"modified": "2025-02-05T18:34:44Z",
"published": "2025-02-04T15:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1910818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJV3-M589-V3RX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 23:17 – Updated: 2026-03-03 23:17Summary
This advisory tracks a defense-in-depth hardening for canvas routes. In mixed-trust or network-visible deployments, prior canvas auth/fallback behavior could broaden access beyond intended boundaries.
Deployment Context
OpenClaw’s default model is trusted host + loopback-first access. Some operators intentionally expose canvas routes on LAN/tailnet. This update is aimed at those broader deployment patterns.
What Changed
- Require explicit token or session-capability authorization for canvas routes.
- Remove shared-IP fallback paths for canvas access.
- Tighten bind/fallback behavior to fail closed.
Impact
Risk was highest in non-loopback or mixed-trust environments. In strict single-operator trusted-host setups, practical exposure is lower.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Vulnerable:
<= 2026.2.19-2 - Patched:
2026.2.21(next release target)
Fix Commit(s)
c45f3c5b004c8d63dc0e282e2176f8c9355d24f108a7967936cfc0b2af6b27ec1f9272542648ad6c
Thanks @NucleiAv for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T23:17:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\nThis advisory tracks a defense-in-depth hardening for canvas routes. In mixed-trust or network-visible deployments, prior canvas auth/fallback behavior could broaden access beyond intended boundaries.\n\n## Deployment Context\nOpenClaw\u2019s default model is trusted host + loopback-first access. Some operators intentionally expose canvas routes on LAN/tailnet. This update is aimed at those broader deployment patterns.\n\n## What Changed\n- Require explicit token or session-capability authorization for canvas routes.\n- Remove shared-IP fallback paths for canvas access.\n- Tighten bind/fallback behavior to fail closed.\n\n## Impact\nRisk was highest in non-loopback or mixed-trust environments. In strict single-operator trusted-host setups, practical exposure is lower.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Vulnerable: `\u003c= 2026.2.19-2`\n- Patched: `2026.2.21` (next release target)\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `c45f3c5b004c8d63dc0e282e2176f8c9355d24f1`\n- `08a7967936cfc0b2af6b27ec1f9272542648ad6c`\n\nThanks @NucleiAv for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-cjv3-m589-v3rx",
"modified": "2026-03-03T23:17:06Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T23:17:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-cjv3-m589-v3rx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/08a7967936cfc0b2af6b27ec1f9272542648ad6c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/c45f3c5b004c8d63dc0e282e2176f8c9355d24f1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw has Canvas route hardening for mixed-trust deployments"
}
GHSA-CM92-597M-5XPC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:33IBM App Connect Enterprise Certified Container 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.3, and 1.0.4 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim's click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 189219.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-4785"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-03T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM App Connect Enterprise Certified Container 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.3, and 1.0.4 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim\u0027s click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 189219.",
"id": "GHSA-cm92-597m-5xpc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:33:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:33:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/189219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6357899"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CR57-R5GM-397J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:38 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:38Inappropriate implementation in WebUSB in Google Chrome prior to 87.0.4280.66 allowed a remote attacker to spoof security UI via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-16033"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-08T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in WebUSB in Google Chrome prior to 87.0.4280.66 allowed a remote attacker to spoof security UI via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-cr57-r5gm-397j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:38:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:38:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-16033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2020/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1143057"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CV4W-8C77-W5JW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-10 06:30 – Updated: 2024-02-10 06:30Sametime is impacted by lack of clickjacking protection in Outlook add-in. The application is not implementing appropriate protections in order to protect users from clickjacking attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45698"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-10T04:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Sametime is impacted by lack of clickjacking protection in Outlook add-in. The application is not implementing appropriate protections in order to protect users from clickjacking attacks.\n",
"id": "GHSA-cv4w-8c77-w5jw",
"modified": "2024-02-10T06:30:19Z",
"published": "2024-02-10T06:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45698"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0109082"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CV5P-J9CM-H435
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-24 00:00A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions < V3.0 SP2). Affected application is missing general HTTP security headers in the web server configured on port 443. This could aid attackers by making the servers more prone to clickjacking, channel downgrade attacks and other similar client-based attack vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-14T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions \u003c V3.0 SP2). Affected application is missing general HTTP security headers in the web server configured on port 443. This could aid attackers by making the servers more prone to clickjacking, channel downgrade attacks and other similar client-based attack vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-cv5p-j9cm-h435",
"modified": "2022-06-24T00:00:26Z",
"published": "2022-06-15T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-911567.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW53-7M4G-22J6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2023-11-01 21:30It was possible for certain browser prompts and dialogs to be activated or dismissed unintentionally by the user due to an insufficient activation-delay. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 119, Firefox ESR < 115.4, and Thunderbird < 115.4.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5721"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "It was possible for certain browser prompts and dialogs to be activated or dismissed unintentionally by the user due to an insufficient activation-delay. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 119, Firefox ESR \u003c 115.4, and Thunderbird \u003c 115.4.1.",
"id": "GHSA-cw53-7m4g-22j6",
"modified": "2023-11-01T21:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T18:32:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5721"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1830820"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00037.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00042.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-47"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CXG4-V879-P568
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-12 15:31 – Updated: 2025-06-12 15:31Linked URLs during the creation of iFrame widgets and dashboards are vulnerable to code execution. The URLs get embedded as iFrame widgets, making it possible to attack other users that access the dashboard by including malicious code. The attack is only possible if the attacker is authorized to create new dashboards or iFrame widgets.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-12T14:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Linked URLs during the creation of iFrame widgets and dashboards are vulnerable to code execution. The URLs get embedded as iFrame widgets, making it possible to attack other users that access the dashboard by including malicious code. The attack is only possible if the attacker is authorized to create new dashboards or iFrame widgets.",
"id": "GHSA-cxg4-v879-p568",
"modified": "2025-06-12T15:31:23Z",
"published": "2025-06-12T15:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cdn.sick.com/media/docs/1/11/411/Special_information_CYBERSECURITY_BY_SICK_en_IM0084411.PDF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/sca-2025-0007.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/sca-2025-0007.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CXMC-4262-JQ82
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-03 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:30Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk allows iFrame Overlay, CAPEC - 103 - Clickjacking.This issue affects LimonDesk: from s1.02.14 before v1.02.17.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T13:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk allows iFrame Overlay, CAPEC - 103 - Clickjacking.This issue affects LimonDesk: from s1.02.14 before v1.02.17.",
"id": "GHSA-cxmc-4262-jq82",
"modified": "2026-06-01T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-09-03T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0206"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.