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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: hci_event: move wake reason storage into validated event handlers\n\nhci_store_wake_reason() is called from hci_event_packet() immediately\nafter stripping the HCI event header but before hci_event_func()\nenforces the per-event minimum payload length from hci_ev_table.\nThis means a short HCI event frame can reach bacpy() before any bounds\ncheck runs.\n\nRather than duplicating skb parsing and per-event length checks inside\nhci_store_wake_reason(), move wake-address storage into the individual\nevent handlers after their existing event-length validation has\nsucceeded. Convert hci_store_wake_reason() into a small helper that only\nstores an already-validated bdaddr while the caller holds hci_dev_lock().\nUse the same helper after hci_event_func() with a NULL address to\npreserve the existing unexpected-wake fallback semantics when no\nvalidated event handler records a wake address.\n\nAnnotate the helper with __must_hold(\u0026hdev-\u003elock) and add\nlockdep_assert_held(\u0026hdev-\u003elock) so future call paths keep the lock\ncontract explicit.\n\nCall the helper from hci_conn_request_evt(), hci_conn_complete_evt(),\nhci_sync_conn_complete_evt(), le_conn_complete_evt(),\nhci_le_adv_report_evt(), hci_le_ext_adv_report_evt(),\nhci_le_direct_adv_report_evt(), hci_le_pa_sync_established_evt(), and\nhci_le_past_received_evt()."
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              "value": "AV:A - The vulnerable parser is in Bluetooth HCI event handling, reached from controller events generated by nearby Bluetooth activity such as connection or advertising wake events. Bluetooth attacks require radio adjacency rather than IP network reachability.\nAC:L - No race is required; a short HCI event reaches wake-reason parsing before the normal per-event length checks. The suspended/wake-reason state is a normal Bluetooth remote-wake deployment condition, so under the higher-severity rule this is low complexity.\nPR:N - An adjacent Bluetooth peer does not need privileges on the vulnerable host, and affected events can occur before any Bluetooth authentication or pairing decision in the host stack. Local HCI injection paths may require privileges, but the adjacent radio scenario requires none.\nUI:N - No victim action is required once Bluetooth remote wake/scanning is enabled and the system is in the affected state. The attacker only needs to deliver the triggering Bluetooth activity/event.\nS:U - The impact remains within the same kernel/host security authority. This is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or cross-scope boundary violation.\nC:H - The bug is an out-of-bounds kernel heap read from an skb before validation, copied into wake-address state that is later reported through management resume events. Although each copy is small, repeated malformed wake events and multiple event layouts make kernel memory disclosure plausible, so the higher severity option is selected.\nI:N - The vulnerable operation copies out-of-bounds source bytes into intended hci_dev wake-reason fields, but does not provide an out-of-bounds write or control over unrelated kernel memory. I found no path from this state corruption to arbitrary modification or code execution.\nA:H - The malformed short event can drive invalid kernel memory reads before bounds checks; depending on allocator layout or hardening, this can cause an oops/panic. As a kernel fault from attacker-supplied malformed Bluetooth input is plausible, availability impact is high."
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31771",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.140Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:25:03.550Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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              "value": "AV:L - The overflow is reached only from in-kernel pstore/ramoops paths (boot init, kmsg-dump oops handling, pstore timer workqueue, or pstore filesystem rescan via mount), not from any network, adjacent-radio, or physical-device interface.\nAC:L - Once ramoops is present (common on Android, ChromeOS, and embedded targets), a local actor who can trigger a survivable oops and influence kmsg volume can drive the size mismatch; the second `persistent_ram_save_old()` call is then triggered deterministically by the pstore update timer or a pstore remount/rescan without depending on uncontrollable memory layout or victim timing.\nPR:L - Exploitation does not require real init-namespace root: an unprivileged local user (or sandboxed code with a kernel bug primitive) can provoke the non-fatal oops that enlarges the persistent RAM record, while the actual overflow fires later in kernel context during automatic pstore rescan or when crash-log collection runs.\nUI:N - No end-user or administrator action is required on the timer-driven path (`pstore_update_ms` enabled): after the oops is logged, the kernel timer/workqueue automatically rescans records and invokes the vulnerable copy without further interaction.\nS:U - The bug corrupts kernel heap memory inside the same kernel security domain; it does not by itself cross a VM, container, or IOMMU boundary to affect a separate authority.\nC:H - The flaw performs an out-of-bounds heap write via `memcpy_fromio()` and then exposes an out-of-bounds read through the inflated `old_log_size` in `ramoops_pstore_read()`, giving memory-corruption primitives that can disclose adjacent kernel heap contents.\nI:H - The out-of-bounds write into a `kvzalloc()`-allocated shadow buffer is classic kernel heap corruption that can be leveraged for arbitrary memory modification and potential control-flow hijack, not merely a bounded data alteration.\nA:H - The overflow is detected as a slab out-of-bounds condition (KASAN splat) and can panic or oops the kernel during the copy or subsequent read, causing complete loss of availability on affected systems."
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft\n\nWhen looking up a flow table in act_ct in tcf_ct_flow_table_get(),\nrhashtable_lookup_fast() internally opens and closes an RCU read critical\nsection before returning ct_ft.\nThe tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() can complete before refcount_inc_not_zero()\nis invoked on the returned ct_ft resulting in a UAF on the already freed ct_ft\nobject. This vulnerability can lead to privilege escalation.\n\nAnalysis from zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com:\nWhen initializing act_ct, tcf_ct_init() is called, which internally triggers\ntcf_ct_flow_table_get().\n\nstatic int tcf_ct_flow_table_get(struct net *net, struct tcf_ct_params *params)\n\n{\n                struct zones_ht_key key = { .net = net, .zone = params-\u003ezone };\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\n                int err = -ENOMEM;\n\n                mutex_lock(\u0026zones_mutex);\n                ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026key, zones_params); // [1]\n                if (ct_ft \u0026\u0026 refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) // [2]\n                                goto out_unlock;\n                ...\n}\n\nstatic __always_inline void *rhashtable_lookup_fast(\n                struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key,\n                const struct rhashtable_params params)\n{\n                void *obj;\n\n                rcu_read_lock();\n                obj = rhashtable_lookup(ht, key, params);\n                rcu_read_unlock();\n\n                return obj;\n}\n\nAt [1], rhashtable_lookup_fast() looks up and returns the corresponding ct_ft\nfrom zones_ht . The lookup is performed within an RCU read critical section\nthrough rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock(), which prevents the object from\nbeing freed. However, at the point of function return, rcu_read_unlock() has\nalready been called, and there is nothing preventing ct_ft from being freed\nbefore reaching refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref) at [2]. This interval becomes\nthe race window, during which ct_ft can be freed.\n\nFree Process:\n\ntcf_ct_flow_table_put() is executed through the path tcf_ct_cleanup() call_rcu()\ntcf_ct_params_free_rcu() tcf_ct_params_free() tcf_ct_flow_table_put().\n\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_put(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft)\n{\n                if (refcount_dec_and_test(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) {\n                                rhashtable_remove_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026ct_ft-\u003enode, zones_params);\n                                INIT_RCU_WORK(\u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork, tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work); // [3]\n                                queue_rcu_work(act_ct_wq, \u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork);\n                }\n}\n\nAt [3], tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() is scheduled as RCU work\n\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work(struct work_struct *work)\n\n{\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\n                struct flow_block *block;\n\n                ct_ft = container_of(to_rcu_work(work), struct tcf_ct_flow_table,\n                                                                rwork);\n                nf_flow_table_free(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft);\n                block = \u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block;\n                down_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\n                WARN_ON(!list_empty(\u0026block-\u003ecb_list));\n                up_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\n                kfree(ct_ft); // [4]\n\n                module_put(THIS_MODULE);\n}\n\ntcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() frees ct_ft at [4]. When this function executes\nbetween [1] and [2], UAF occurs.\n\nThis race condition has a very short race window, making it generally\ndifficult to trigger. Therefore, to trigger the vulnerability an msleep(100) was\ninserted after[1]"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The UAF is triggered only during act_ct TC action configuration via RTM_NEWACTION/RTM_DELACTION or RTM_NEWTFILTER netlink messages, not by processing remote network packets. Per kernel guidance, tc/netlink qdisc paths are Local attack vector.\nAC:L - The race is between flow-table lookup and refcount increment during concurrent create/delete/replace of ct actions, and an attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN controls both sides by issuing parallel netlink operations on actions sharing the same zone. UAF races where the attacker controls timing are scored AC:L.\nPR:L - All non-GET rtnetlink TC operations require CAP_NET_ADMIN, checked in rtnetlink_rcv_msg() and tc_ctl_action(). CAP_NET_ADMIN is obtainable by an unprivileged user inside a user+network namespace (unshare -Urn), which per kernel guidance is PR:L not PR:H.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only the attacker\u0027s own netlink configuration traffic; no victim user action such as opening a file or mounting a filesystem is needed.\nS:U - A successful exploit yields kernel-level privilege escalation within the same kernel security domain. This is standard local kernel compromise, not a cross-boundary escape such as VM guest-to-host or IOMMU bypass.\nC:H - The bug is a heap use-after-free on struct tcf_ct_flow_table during refcount_inc_not_zero() on memory that tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() may have already kfree()\u0027d. UAF on kernel heap objects enables arbitrary memory read primitives and is scored C:H.\nI:H - Freed tcf_ct_flow_table slabs can be reallocated and corrupted via the dangling refcount operation, providing heap manipulation primitives that ZDI and the fix commit describe as leading to privilege escalation. Memory corruption UAF is scored I:H.\nA:H - Hitting the UAF during refcount manipulation on freed memory can cause kernel oops/panic or deliberate denial of service, and UAF bugs inherently threaten availability even when exploitation is attempted. Any kernel crash or UAF is scored A:H."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:31:14.097Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ece578ca61e572df96cfc80456357ebfae0b4b9e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2e0c045c87aa252eb61412e67dd91f2c2b19f81"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67c9ecc9f2575273ed1323e312881fc98ac83d6d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f23424a0ddadb494d4bd57056a7ca703312d3a7b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/17dfb67cb399b660105d9a8c6100851c0d0cdc70"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c727c6967a41b37efe0f26332ca9ec5b74785a3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e20e1b3058e0b94638e7b931c138e840e266724"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f462dca0c8415bf0058d0ffa476354c4476d0f09"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft",
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-46319",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-09T12:11:12.128Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.112Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:31:14.097Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}