Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-JC2J-HQM3-7764

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-08 09:30 – Updated: 2026-02-12 09:30

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

riscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer

The XOL (execute out-of-line) buffer is used to single-step the replaced instruction(s) for uprobes. The RISC-V port was missing a proper fence.i (i$ flushing) after constructing the XOL buffer, which can result in incorrect execution of stale/broken instructions.

This was found running the BPF selftests "test_progs: uprobe_autoattach, attach_probe" on the Spacemit K1/X60, where the uprobes tests randomly blew up.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-37822"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-08T07:15:53Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer\n\nThe XOL (execute out-of-line) buffer is used to single-step the\nreplaced instruction(s) for uprobes. The RISC-V port was missing a\nproper fence.i (i$ flushing) after constructing the XOL buffer, which\ncan result in incorrect execution of stale/broken instructions.\n\nThis was found running the BPF selftests \"test_progs:\nuprobe_autoattach, attach_probe\" on the Spacemit K1/X60, where the\nuprobes tests randomly blew up.",
  "id": "GHSA-jc2j-hqm3-7764",
  "modified": "2026-02-12T09:30:58Z",
  "published": "2025-05-08T09:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37822"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-37822 (GCVE-0-2025-37822)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-08 06:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:57

Title

riscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer The XOL (execute out-of-line) buffer is used to single-step the replaced instruction(s) for uprobes. The RISC-V port was missing a proper fence.i (i$ flushing) after constructing the XOL buffer, which can result in incorrect execution of stale/broken instructions. This was found running the BPF selftests "test_progs: uprobe_autoattach, attach_probe" on the Spacemit K1/X60, where the uprobes tests randomly blew up.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be6d98766ac952d38…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6d8d4d01ca8514fa…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77c956152a3a7c7a1…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcf6d3158c5902d92…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dbb95a36499374c5…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d1d19a11cfbfd8ba…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 , < be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3 (git) Affected: 74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 , < b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297 (git) Affected: 74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 , < 77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03 (git) Affected: 74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 , < bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2 (git) Affected: 74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 , < 1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978 (git) Affected: 74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 , < 7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.12 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.200 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.163 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.121 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.26 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.5 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/riscv/kernel/probes/uprobes.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/riscv/kernel/probes/uprobes.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.12"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.12",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.200",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.163",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.121",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.26",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.200",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.163",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.121",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.26",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer\n\nThe XOL (execute out-of-line) buffer is used to single-step the\nreplaced instruction(s) for uprobes. The RISC-V port was missing a\nproper fence.i (i$ flushing) after constructing the XOL buffer, which\ncan result in incorrect execution of stale/broken instructions.\n\nThis was found running the BPF selftests \"test_progs:\nuprobe_autoattach, attach_probe\" on the Spacemit K1/X60, where the\nuprobes tests randomly blew up."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local execution on the target \u2014 the attacker must run a process that executes the probed instruction and primes the I-cache at the user-mapped `[uprobes]` XOL page. There is no network-reachable path to `arch_uprobe_copy_ixol()`.\nAC:L - RISC-V has no implicit I$/D$ coherence, so the missing `fence.i` leaves stale lines as baseline architectural behavior, not a rare config; the attacker can trigger the XOL path repeatedly at will and can deliberately execute at the known, user-mapped XOL slot addresses to seed the stale lines. The bug was observed reproducing on stock hardware during ordinary selftest runs.\nPR:L - Once a uprobe is active \u2014 a routine observability configuration installed by an admin, not an attack step \u2014 an entirely unprivileged local user drives the vulnerable path just by calling the probed function in their own process. No capability is needed to reach `xol_get_insn_slot()` \u2192 `arch_uprobe_copy_ixol()`.\nUI:N - The attacker executes the probed instruction in its own process to trigger the XOL copy; no action by any other user or victim is required.\nS:U - The stale instruction executes in the traced process\u0027s own user context and the WARN/panic effects stay within the kernel\u0027s own authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The traced process \u2014 potentially a privileged daemon or setuid binary under a system-wide probe on libc/libssl \u2014 executes a stale instruction with its live register state, a control-flow-integrity failure that can branch into or read out that process\u0027s memory. The attacker influences what sits in the I-cache at that kernel-provided address.\nI:H - Executing a stale/wrong instruction with the probed process\u0027s live registers yields arbitrary stores and control-flow deviation inside that process, and the trailing ebreak may be skipped entirely, letting the PC run past the slot into adjacent slot contents.\nA:H - The probed process is killed via `force_sig(SIGILL)`, and the broken single-step contract hits `WARN_ON_ONCE` in both `arch_uprobe_post_xol()` and `handle_singlestep()`, which is a kernel panic under `panic_on_warn`. The commit reports uprobe selftests randomly blowing up on real hardware."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:45.691Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48"
        }
      ],
      "title": "riscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-37822",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-08T06:26:16.209Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.947Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:45.691Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GHSA-JC2J-HQM3-7764

CVE-2025-37822 (GCVE-0-2025-37822)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour