Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-5VXP-PQJJ-287G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-20 09:32 – Updated: 2026-07-04 12:30

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nf_tables: always walk all pending catchall elements

During transaction processing we might have more than one catchall element: 1 live catchall element and 1 pending element that is coming as part of the new batch.

If the map holding the catchall elements is also going away, its required to toggle all catchall elements and not just the first viable candidate.

Otherwise, we get: WARNING: ./include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h:1281 at nft_data_release+0xb7/0xe0 [nf_tables], CPU#2: nft/1404 RIP: 0010:nft_data_release+0xb7/0xe0 [nf_tables] [..] __nft_set_elem_destroy+0x106/0x380 [nf_tables] nf_tables_abort_release+0x348/0x8d0 [nf_tables] nf_tables_abort+0xcf2/0x3ac0 [nf_tables] nfnetlink_rcv_batch+0x9c9/0x20e0 [..]

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23278"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T09:16:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: always walk all pending catchall elements\n\nDuring transaction processing we might have more than one catchall element:\n1 live catchall element and 1 pending element that is coming as part of the\nnew batch.\n\nIf the map holding the catchall elements is also going away, its\nrequired to toggle all catchall elements and not just the first viable\ncandidate.\n\nOtherwise, we get:\n WARNING: ./include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h:1281 at nft_data_release+0xb7/0xe0 [nf_tables], CPU#2: nft/1404\n RIP: 0010:nft_data_release+0xb7/0xe0 [nf_tables]\n [..]\n __nft_set_elem_destroy+0x106/0x380 [nf_tables]\n nf_tables_abort_release+0x348/0x8d0 [nf_tables]\n nf_tables_abort+0xcf2/0x3ac0 [nf_tables]\n nfnetlink_rcv_batch+0x9c9/0x20e0 [..]",
  "id": "GHSA-5vxp-pqjj-287g",
  "modified": "2026-07-04T12:30:27Z",
  "published": "2026-03-20T09:32:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23278"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4830fb44d12f586f3f544609e086933649a9175a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77c26b5056d693ffe5e9f040e946251cdb55ae55"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cb9a23d7ae40a702577d3d8bacb7026f04ac2a9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4d4e86fda707d89eaba80e343321737375f8582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de47a88c6b807910f05703fb6605f7efdaa11417"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb0948fa13298212c5f8b30ee48efdae4389ab09"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2026-23278 (GCVE-0-2026-23278)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 08:08 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:21

Title

netfilter: nf_tables: always walk all pending catchall elements

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: always walk all pending catchall elements During transaction processing we might have more than one catchall element: 1 live catchall element and 1 pending element that is coming as part of the new batch. If the map holding the catchall elements is also going away, its required to toggle all catchall elements and not just the first viable candidate. Otherwise, we get: WARNING: ./include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h:1281 at nft_data_release+0xb7/0xe0 [nf_tables], CPU#2: nft/1404 RIP: 0010:nft_data_release+0xb7/0xe0 [nf_tables] [..] __nft_set_elem_destroy+0x106/0x380 [nf_tables] nf_tables_abort_release+0x348/0x8d0 [nf_tables] nf_tables_abort+0xcf2/0x3ac0 [nf_tables] nfnetlink_rcv_batch+0x9c9/0x20e0 [..]

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4d4e86fda707d89e…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4830fb44d12f586f3…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb0948fa13298212c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de47a88c6b807910f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77c26b5056d693ffe…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cb9a23d7ae40a702…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: d60be2da67d172aecf866302c91ea11533eca4d9 , < c4d4e86fda707d89eaba80e343321737375f8582 (git) Affected: 628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73 , < 4830fb44d12f586f3f544609e086933649a9175a (git) Affected: 628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73 , < eb0948fa13298212c5f8b30ee48efdae4389ab09 (git) Affected: 628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73 , < de47a88c6b807910f05703fb6605f7efdaa11417 (git) Affected: 628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73 , < 77c26b5056d693ffe5e9f040e946251cdb55ae55 (git) Affected: 628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73 , < 7cb9a23d7ae40a702577d3d8bacb7026f04ac2a9 (git) Affected: bc9f791d2593f17e39f87c6e2b3a36549a3705b1 (git) Affected: 3c7ec098e3b588434a8b07ea9b5b36f04cef1f50 (git) Affected: a136b7942ad2a50de708f76ea299ccb45ac7a7f9 (git) Affected: 25aa2ad37c2162be1c0bc4fe6397f7e4c13f00f8 (git) Affected: dc7cdf8cbcbf8b13de1df93f356ec04cdeef5c41 (git) Affected: 6.1.36 , < 6.1.177 (semver) Affected: 4.19.316 , < 4.20 (semver) Affected: 5.4.262 , < 5.5 (semver) Affected: 5.10.188 , < 5.11 (semver) Affected: 5.15.121 , < 5.16 (semver) Affected: 6.3.10 , < 6.4 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.4 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.4 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.177 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.144 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.78 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.19 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19.9 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "c4d4e86fda707d89eaba80e343321737375f8582",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d60be2da67d172aecf866302c91ea11533eca4d9",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4830fb44d12f586f3f544609e086933649a9175a",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "eb0948fa13298212c5f8b30ee48efdae4389ab09",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "de47a88c6b807910f05703fb6605f7efdaa11417",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "77c26b5056d693ffe5e9f040e946251cdb55ae55",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7cb9a23d7ae40a702577d3d8bacb7026f04ac2a9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "628bd3e49cba1c066228e23d71a852c23e26da73",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "bc9f791d2593f17e39f87c6e2b3a36549a3705b1",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3c7ec098e3b588434a8b07ea9b5b36f04cef1f50",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a136b7942ad2a50de708f76ea299ccb45ac7a7f9",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "25aa2ad37c2162be1c0bc4fe6397f7e4c13f00f8",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "dc7cdf8cbcbf8b13de1df93f356ec04cdeef5c41",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.1.177",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.1.36",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.20",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.19.316",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.4.262",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.11",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.10.188",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.16",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.15.121",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.3.10",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.4",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.177",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.144",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.78",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.19",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.19.9",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.0",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.177",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.36",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.144",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.78",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.19",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.9",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.0",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19.316",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.262",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.188",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.121",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.3.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: always walk all pending catchall elements\n\nDuring transaction processing we might have more than one catchall element:\n1 live catchall element and 1 pending element that is coming as part of the\nnew batch.\n\nIf the map holding the catchall elements is also going away, its\nrequired to toggle all catchall elements and not just the first viable\ncandidate.\n\nOtherwise, we get:\n WARNING: ./include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h:1281 at nft_data_release+0xb7/0xe0 [nf_tables], CPU#2: nft/1404\n RIP: 0010:nft_data_release+0xb7/0xe0 [nf_tables]\n [..]\n __nft_set_elem_destroy+0x106/0x380 [nf_tables]\n nf_tables_abort_release+0x348/0x8d0 [nf_tables]\n nf_tables_abort+0xcf2/0x3ac0 [nf_tables]\n nfnetlink_rcv_batch+0x9c9/0x20e0 [..]"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "nf_tables catchall element walk breaks early, leaving second catchall element\u0027s chain references improperly toggled during abort. Leads to chain use-count underflow and UAF. Deterministic logic error reachable via unprivileged user namespaces."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:21:07.131Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4d4e86fda707d89eaba80e343321737375f8582"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4830fb44d12f586f3f544609e086933649a9175a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb0948fa13298212c5f8b30ee48efdae4389ab09"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de47a88c6b807910f05703fb6605f7efdaa11417"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77c26b5056d693ffe5e9f040e946251cdb55ae55"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cb9a23d7ae40a702577d3d8bacb7026f04ac2a9"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: always walk all pending catchall elements",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-23278",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-20T08:08:58.566Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:45.991Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:21:07.131Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.