Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-44VR-RWWJ-P88H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-15 21:46 – Updated: 2022-08-11 22:14

Summary

Shescape vulnerable to insufficient escaping of whitespace

Details

Impact

This only impacts users that use the escape or escapeAll functions with the interpolation option set to true. Example:

import cp from "node:child_process";
import * as shescape from "shescape";

// 1. Prerequisites
const options = {
  shell: "bash",
  // Or
  shell: "dash",
  // Or
  shell: "powershell.exe",
  // Or
  shell: "zsh",
  // Or
  shell: undefined, // Only if the default shell is one of the affected shells.
};

// 2. Attack (one of multiple)
const payload = "foo #bar";

// 3. Usage
let escapedPayload;
shescape.escape(payload, { interpolation: true });
// Or
shescape.escapeAll(payload, { interpolation: true });

cp.execSync(`echo Hello ${escapedPayload}!`, options);
// _Output depends on the shell being used_

The result is that if an attacker is able to include whitespace in their input they can:

Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted directly after whitespace.
Affected shells: Bash, Dash, Zsh, PowerShell
Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted or appearing after line terminating characters.
Affected shells: Bash
Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a line feed character.
Affected Shells: Bash, Dash, Zsh, PowerShell
Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a carriage return character.
Affected Shells: PowerShell

Patches

Behaviour number 1 has been patched in v1.5.7 which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required.

Behaviour number 2, 3, and 4 have been patched in v1.5.8 which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required.

Workarounds

The best workaround is to avoid having to use the interpolation: true option - in most cases using an alternative is possible, see the recipes for recommendations.

Alternatively, you can strip all whitespace from user input. Note that this is error prone, for example: for PowerShell this requires stripping '\u0085' which is not included in JavaScript's definition of \s for Regular Expressions.

References

https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/332
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.7
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.8

For more information

Comment on:
For behaviour 1 (PowerShell): https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322
For behaviour 1 (Bash, Dash, Zsh): https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324
For behaviour 2, 3, 4 (any shell): https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/332
Open an issue at https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/issues (New issue > Question > Get started)
If you're missing CMD from this advisory, see https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/security/advisories/GHSA-jjc5-fp7p-6f8w

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "shescape"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31180"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-15T21:46:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-01T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThis only impacts users that use the `escape` or `escapeAll` functions with the `interpolation` option set to `true`. Example:\n\n```javascript\nimport cp from \"node:child_process\";\nimport * as shescape from \"shescape\";\n\n// 1. Prerequisites\nconst options = {\n  shell: \"bash\",\n  // Or\n  shell: \"dash\",\n  // Or\n  shell: \"powershell.exe\",\n  // Or\n  shell: \"zsh\",\n  // Or\n  shell: undefined, // Only if the default shell is one of the affected shells.\n};\n\n// 2. Attack (one of multiple)\nconst payload = \"foo #bar\";\n\n// 3. Usage\nlet escapedPayload;\nshescape.escape(payload, { interpolation: true });\n// Or\nshescape.escapeAll(payload, { interpolation: true });\n\ncp.execSync(`echo Hello ${escapedPayload}!`, options);\n// _Output depends on the shell being used_\n```\n\nThe result is that if an attacker is able to include whitespace in their input they can:\n\n1. Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted directly after whitespace.\n   - Affected shells: _Bash_, _Dash_, _Zsh_, _PowerShell_\n2. Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted or appearing after line terminating characters. \n   - Affected shells: _Bash_\n3. Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a line feed character.\n   - Affected Shells: _Bash_, _Dash_, _Zsh_, _PowerShell_\n3. Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a carriage return character.\n   - Affected Shells: _PowerShell_\n\n### Patches\n\nBehaviour number 1 has been patched in [v1.5.7] which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required.\n\nBehaviour number 2, 3, and 4 have been patched in [v1.5.8] which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe best workaround is to avoid having to use the `interpolation: true` option - in most cases using an alternative is possible, see [the recipes](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape#recipes) for recommendations.\n\nAlternatively, you can strip all whitespace from user input. Note that this is error prone, for example: for PowerShell this requires stripping `\u0027\\u0085\u0027` which is not included in JavaScript\u0027s definition of `\\s` for Regular Expressions.\n\n### References\n\n- https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322\n- https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324\n- https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/332\n- https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.7\n- https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.8\n\n### For more information\n\n- Comment on:\n  - For behaviour 1 (PowerShell): https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322\n  - For behaviour 1 (Bash, Dash, Zsh): https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324\n  - For behaviour 2, 3, 4 (_any shell_): https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/332\n- Open an issue at https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/issues (_New issue_ \u003e _Question_ \u003e _Get started_)\n- If you\u0027re missing CMD from this advisory, see https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/security/advisories/GHSA-jjc5-fp7p-6f8w\n\n[v1.5.7]: https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.7\n[v1.5.8]: https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.8\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-44vr-rwwj-p88h",
  "modified": "2022-08-11T22:14:40Z",
  "published": "2022-07-15T21:46:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/security/advisories/GHSA-44vr-rwwj-p88h"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31180"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/332"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.8"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Shescape vulnerable to insufficient escaping of whitespace"
}

CVE-2022-31180 (GCVE-0-2022-31180)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-01 19:15 – Updated: 2025-04-22 17:46

Title

Insufficient escaping of whitespace in shescape

Summary

Shescape is a simple shell escape package for JavaScript. Affected versions were found to have insufficient escaping of white space when interpolating output. This issue only impacts users that use the `escape` or `escapeAll` functions with the `interpolation` option set to `true`. The result is that if an attacker is able to include whitespace in their input they can: 1. Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted directly after whitespace. 2. Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted or appearing after line terminating characters. 3. Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a line feed character. 4. Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a carriage return character. Behaviour number 1 has been patched in [v1.5.7] which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required. Behaviour number 2, 3, and 4 have been patched in [v1.5.8] which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required. The best workaround is to avoid having to use the `interpolation: true` option - in most cases using an alternative is possible, see [the recipes](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape#recipes) for recommendations. Alternatively, users may strip all whitespace from user input. Note that this is error prone, for example: for PowerShell this requires stripping `'\u0085'` which is not included in JavaScript's definition of `\s` for Regular Expressions.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-04-22 15:37 UTC

CWE

CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root Scorecard

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/secur…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/relea…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/relea…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ericcornelissen	shescape	Affected: >=1.4.0 < 1.5.8

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T07:11:39.625Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/security/advisories/GHSA-44vr-rwwj-p88h"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.7"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.8"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2022-31180",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-22T15:37:14.335356Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-04-22T17:46:22.040Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "shescape",
          "vendor": "ericcornelissen",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e=1.4.0 \u003c 1.5.8"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Shescape is a simple shell escape package for JavaScript. Affected versions were found to have insufficient escaping of white space when interpolating output. This issue only impacts users that use the `escape` or `escapeAll` functions with the `interpolation` option set to `true`. The result is that if an attacker is able to include whitespace in their input they can: 1. Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted directly after whitespace. 2. Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted or appearing after line terminating characters. 3. Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a line feed character. 4. Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a carriage return character. Behaviour number 1 has been patched in [v1.5.7] which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required. Behaviour number 2, 3, and 4 have been patched in [v1.5.8] which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required. The best workaround is to avoid having to use the `interpolation: true` option - in most cases using an alternative is possible, see [the recipes](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape#recipes) for recommendations. Alternatively, users may strip all whitespace from user input. Note that this is error prone, for example: for PowerShell this requires stripping `\u0027\\u0085\u0027` which is not included in JavaScript\u0027s definition of `\\s` for Regular Expressions."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-74",
              "description": "CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (\u0027Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2022-08-01T19:15:16.000Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/security/advisories/GHSA-44vr-rwwj-p88h"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.7"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.8"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-44vr-rwwj-p88h",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Insufficient escaping of whitespace in shescape",
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "security-advisories@github.com",
          "ID": "CVE-2022-31180",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC",
          "TITLE": "Insufficient escaping of whitespace in shescape"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "shescape",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "\u003e=1.4.0 \u003c 1.5.8"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "ericcornelissen"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "Shescape is a simple shell escape package for JavaScript. Affected versions were found to have insufficient escaping of white space when interpolating output. This issue only impacts users that use the `escape` or `escapeAll` functions with the `interpolation` option set to `true`. The result is that if an attacker is able to include whitespace in their input they can: 1. Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted directly after whitespace. 2. Invoke shell-specific behaviour through shell-specific special characters inserted or appearing after line terminating characters. 3. Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a line feed character. 4. Invoke arbitrary commands by inserting a carriage return character. Behaviour number 1 has been patched in [v1.5.7] which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required. Behaviour number 2, 3, and 4 have been patched in [v1.5.8] which you can upgrade to now. No further changes are required. The best workaround is to avoid having to use the `interpolation: true` option - in most cases using an alternative is possible, see [the recipes](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape#recipes) for recommendations. Alternatively, users may strip all whitespace from user input. Note that this is error prone, for example: for PowerShell this requires stripping `\u0027\\u0085\u0027` which is not included in JavaScript\u0027s definition of `\\s` for Regular Expressions."
            }
          ]
        },
        "impact": {
          "cvss": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (\u0027Injection\u0027)"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/security/advisories/GHSA-44vr-rwwj-p88h",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/security/advisories/GHSA-44vr-rwwj-p88h"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/322"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/324"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.7",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.7"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.8",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.5.8"
            }
          ]
        },
        "source": {
          "advisory": "GHSA-44vr-rwwj-p88h",
          "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2022-31180",
    "datePublished": "2022-08-01T19:15:16.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2022-05-18T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-04-22T17:46:22.040Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GHSA-44VR-RWWJ-P88H

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

References

For more information

CVE-2022-31180 (GCVE-0-2022-31180)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour