Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2026-98231

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-10-06 09:18 - Updated: 2026-10-06 09:18

Severity

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush The deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling xfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep. The device GC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can destroy the same state concurrently. The race can proceed as follows: CPU 0 CPU 1 find x on the device GC list drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock read x->xso.dev xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x) xfrm_dev_state_free(x) xfrm_state_free(x) continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x) Both paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference. CPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it. KASAN reported: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102 Call Trace: xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0 xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400 xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0 notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280 __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250 netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160 dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220 devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880 Allocated by task 87: xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0 xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820 xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940 Freed by task 57: kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0 xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650 process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070 Serialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a mutex. Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain the existing callback and device-reference release ordering.

References

	URL	Tags
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.6.158",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.6.44",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.11",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.10.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.11"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.11",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.158",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.112",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.54",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.8",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3-rc4",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush\n\nThe deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under\nxfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling\nxfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep.  The device\nGC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can\ndestroy the same state concurrently.\n\nThe race can proceed as follows:\n\n  CPU 0                               CPU 1\n  find x on the device GC list\n  drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock\n  read x-\u003exso.dev\n                                      xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)\n                                      xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n                                      xfrm_state_free(x)\n  continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n\nBoth paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.\nCPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.\n\nKASAN reported:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n  Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102\n\n  Call Trace:\n   xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n   xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400\n   xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0\n   notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280\n   __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250\n   netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160\n   dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220\n   devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880\n\n  Allocated by task 87:\n   xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0\n   xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820\n   xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940\n\n  Freed by task 57:\n   kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0\n   xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650\n   process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070\n\nSerialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a\nmutex.  Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain\nthe existing callback and device-reference release ordering."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-98231",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-06T09:18:10.540",
  "metrics": {},
  "published": "2026-10-06T09:18:10.540",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Received"
}

CVE-2026-98231 (GCVE-0-2026-98231)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 08:45 – Updated: 2026-10-06 08:45

Title

xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush

Summary

Severity

No CVSS data available.

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 54/100 over 6633 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac6…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c9…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f981…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f , < 937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1 (git) Affected: 07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009 , < 39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201 (git) Affected: 07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009 , < 75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c (git) Affected: 07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009 , < 84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6 (git) Affected: 07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009 , < 89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9 (git) Affected: 8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584 (git) Affected: 6.6.44 , < 6.6.158 (semver) Affected: 6.10.3 , < 6.11 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.11 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.11 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.158 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.112 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.54 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2.8 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.3-rc4 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.6.158",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.6.44",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.11",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.10.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.11"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.11",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.158",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.112",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.54",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.8",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3-rc4",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.158",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.44",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.112",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.54",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.8",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.3-rc4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush\n\nThe deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under\nxfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling\nxfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep.  The device\nGC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can\ndestroy the same state concurrently.\n\nThe race can proceed as follows:\n\n  CPU 0                               CPU 1\n  find x on the device GC list\n  drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock\n  read x-\u003exso.dev\n                                      xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)\n                                      xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n                                      xfrm_state_free(x)\n  continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n\nBoth paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.\nCPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.\n\nKASAN reported:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n  Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102\n\n  Call Trace:\n   xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n   xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400\n   xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0\n   notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280\n   __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250\n   netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160\n   dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220\n   devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880\n\n  Allocated by task 87:\n   xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0\n   xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820\n   xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940\n\n  Freed by task 57:\n   kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0\n   xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650\n   process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070\n\nSerialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a\nmutex.  Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain\nthe existing callback and device-reference release ordering."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T08:45:05.183Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"
        }
      ],
      "title": "xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-98231",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-06T08:45:05.183Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.328Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T08:45:05.183Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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FKIE_CVE-2026-98231

CVE-2026-98231 (GCVE-0-2026-98231)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

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