Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2026-31406

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-06 08:16 - Updated: 2026-07-24 22:10

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: Fix work re-schedule after cancel in xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini() After cancel_delayed_work_sync() is called from xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini(), xfrm_state_fini() flushes remaining states via __xfrm_state_delete(), which calls xfrm_nat_keepalive_state_updated() to re-schedule nat_keepalive_work. The following is a simple race scenario: cpu0 cpu1 cleanup_net() [Round 1] ops_undo_list() xfrm_net_exit() xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini() cancel_delayed_work_sync(nat_keepalive_work); xfrm_state_fini() xfrm_state_flush() xfrm_state_delete(x) __xfrm_state_delete(x) xfrm_nat_keepalive_state_updated(x) schedule_delayed_work(nat_keepalive_work); rcu_barrier(); net_complete_free(); net_passive_dec(net); llist_add(&net->defer_free_list, &defer_free_list); cleanup_net() [Round 2] rcu_barrier(); net_complete_free() kmem_cache_free(net_cachep, net); nat_keepalive_work() // on freed net To prevent this, cancel_delayed_work_sync() is replaced with disable_delayed_work_sync().

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21f2fc49ca6faa393c31da33b8a4e6c41fc84c13	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2255ed6adbc3100d2c4a83abd9d0396d04b87792	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32d0f44c2f14d60fe8e920e69a28c11051543ec1	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daf8e3b253aa760ff9e96c7768a464bc1d6b3c90	Patch

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	7.0
linux	linux_kernel	7.0
linux	linux_kernel	7.0
linux	linux_kernel	7.0
linux	linux_kernel	7.0

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_nat_keepalive.c"
          ],
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            {
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          "versions": [
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            },
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              "version": "7.0",
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            }
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    }
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      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix work re-schedule after cancel in xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini()\n\nAfter cancel_delayed_work_sync() is called from\nxfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini(), xfrm_state_fini() flushes remaining\nstates via __xfrm_state_delete(), which calls\nxfrm_nat_keepalive_state_updated() to re-schedule nat_keepalive_work.\n\nThe following is a simple race scenario:\n\n           cpu0                             cpu1\n\ncleanup_net() [Round 1]\n  ops_undo_list()\n    xfrm_net_exit()\n      xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini()\n        cancel_delayed_work_sync(nat_keepalive_work);\n      xfrm_state_fini()\n        xfrm_state_flush()\n          xfrm_state_delete(x)\n            __xfrm_state_delete(x)\n              xfrm_nat_keepalive_state_updated(x)\n                schedule_delayed_work(nat_keepalive_work);\n  rcu_barrier();\n  net_complete_free();\n  net_passive_dec(net);\n    llist_add(\u0026net-\u003edefer_free_list, \u0026defer_free_list);\n\ncleanup_net() [Round 2]\n  rcu_barrier();\n  net_complete_free()\n    kmem_cache_free(net_cachep, net);\n                                     nat_keepalive_work()\n                                       // on freed net\n\nTo prevent this, cancel_delayed_work_sync() is replaced with\ndisable_delayed_work_sync()."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nxfrm: Corrige la reprogramaci\u00f3n del trabajo despu\u00e9s de la cancelaci\u00f3n en xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini()\n\nDespu\u00e9s de que se llama a cancel_delayed_work_sync() desde xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini(), xfrm_state_fini() vac\u00eda los estados restantes a trav\u00e9s de __xfrm_state_delete(), que llama a xfrm_nat_keepalive_state_updated() para reprogramar nat_keepalive_work.\n\nEl siguiente es un escenario de carrera simple:\n\n           cpu0                             cpu1\n\ncleanup_net() [Ronda 1]\n  ops_undo_list()\n    xfrm_net_exit()\n      xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini()\n        cancel_delayed_work_sync(nat_keepalive_work);\n      xfrm_state_fini()\n        xfrm_state_flush()\n          xfrm_state_delete(x)\n            __xfrm_state_delete(x)\n              xfrm_nat_keepalive_state_updated(x)\n                schedule_delayed_work(nat_keepalive_work);\n  rcu_barrier();\n  net_complete_free();\n  net_passive_dec(net);\n    llist_add(\u0026net -\u003e defer_free_list, \u0026defer_free_list);\n\ncleanup_net() [Ronda 2]\n  rcu_barrier();\n  net_complete_free()\n    kmem_cache_free(net_cachep, net);\n                                     nat_keepalive_work()\n                                       // en net liberado\n\nPara evitar esto, cancel_delayed_work_sync() se reemplaza con disable_delayed_work_sync()."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-31406",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-24T22:10:00.140",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
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  "published": "2026-04-06T08:16:38.457",
  "references": [
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      "tags": [
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  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2026-31406 (GCVE-0-2026-31406)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 07:38 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:22

Title

xfrm: Fix work re-schedule after cancel in xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini()

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32d0f44c2f14d60fe…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2255ed6adbc3100d2…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21f2fc49ca6faa393…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daf8e3b253aa760ff…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: f531d13bdfe3f4f084aaa8acae2cb0f02295f5ae , < 32d0f44c2f14d60fe8e920e69a28c11051543ec1 (git) Affected: f531d13bdfe3f4f084aaa8acae2cb0f02295f5ae , < 2255ed6adbc3100d2c4a83abd9d0396d04b87792 (git) Affected: f531d13bdfe3f4f084aaa8acae2cb0f02295f5ae , < 21f2fc49ca6faa393c31da33b8a4e6c41fc84c13 (git) Affected: f531d13bdfe3f4f084aaa8acae2cb0f02295f5ae , < daf8e3b253aa760ff9e96c7768a464bc1d6b3c90 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.11 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.11 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.80 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.21 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19.11 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_nat_keepalive.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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          "versions": [
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              "versionType": "git"
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          ]
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              "versionType": "semver"
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix work re-schedule after cancel in xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini()\n\nAfter cancel_delayed_work_sync() is called from\nxfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini(), xfrm_state_fini() flushes remaining\nstates via __xfrm_state_delete(), which calls\nxfrm_nat_keepalive_state_updated() to re-schedule nat_keepalive_work.\n\nThe following is a simple race scenario:\n\n           cpu0                             cpu1\n\ncleanup_net() [Round 1]\n  ops_undo_list()\n    xfrm_net_exit()\n      xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini()\n        cancel_delayed_work_sync(nat_keepalive_work);\n      xfrm_state_fini()\n        xfrm_state_flush()\n          xfrm_state_delete(x)\n            __xfrm_state_delete(x)\n              xfrm_nat_keepalive_state_updated(x)\n                schedule_delayed_work(nat_keepalive_work);\n  rcu_barrier();\n  net_complete_free();\n  net_passive_dec(net);\n    llist_add(\u0026net-\u003edefer_free_list, \u0026defer_free_list);\n\ncleanup_net() [Round 2]\n  rcu_barrier();\n  net_complete_free()\n    kmem_cache_free(net_cachep, net);\n                                     nat_keepalive_work()\n                                       // on freed net\n\nTo prevent this, cancel_delayed_work_sync() is replaced with\ndisable_delayed_work_sync()."
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            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local namespace lifecycle and NETLINK_XFRM state configuration, not by remote packet processing. An attacker can create an affected outbound ESP-in-UDP XFRM state locally and tear down the network namespace.\nAC:L - The attacker controls creation of the NAT keepalive state and repeated teardown of the network namespace; the work reschedule after cancel is a direct consequence of the cleanup ordering. Any scheduling race can be retried and influenced locally, so there are no hard external conditions.\nPR:L - XFRM netlink operations require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the target network namespace. This is reachable by an unprivileged local user through a user namespace plus network namespace where they hold CAP_NET_ADMIN.\nUI:N - No victim action is required after the attacker runs local code. The attacker can configure the state and trigger namespace cleanup directly.\nS:U - The vulnerability corrupts kernel memory within the same kernel security authority. It is a standard local kernel compromise scenario, not a VM or hardware boundary escape.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free of a network namespace embedded delayed_work object and subsequent XFRM/netns state access. Per kernel scoring guidance, UAFs are treated as enabling high confidentiality impact.\nI:H - The dangling work item can operate on freed and potentially reclaimed kernel memory, giving a plausible path to memory corruption and control-flow compromise. Per kernel scoring guidance, UAFs are treated as high integrity impact.\nA:H - At minimum, executing delayed work on a freed struct net can dereference freed XFRM state and namespace data, causing an oops or panic. Repeated local triggering can reliably deny service."
            }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:22:15.395Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daf8e3b253aa760ff9e96c7768a464bc1d6b3c90"
        }
      ],
      "title": "xfrm: Fix work re-schedule after cancel in xfrm_nat_keepalive_net_fini()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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    }
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31406",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-06T07:38:18.840Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.086Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:22:15.395Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

FKIE_CVE-2026-31406

CVE-2026-31406 (GCVE-0-2026-31406)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour