Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-54782

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-08-02 00:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:40

Severity

8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1.

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc	Exploit
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration	Product
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7	Exploit, Vendor Advisory
security-advisories@github.com	https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html	Product
security-advisories@github.com	https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln	Exploit, Third Party Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	nestjs	devtools-integration	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "nest",
          "vendor": "nestjs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.2.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:nestjs:devtools-integration:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "3CB5DF69-E7C3-4DBF-920E-E4418A346FEF",
              "versionEndExcluding": "0.2.1",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Nest es un framework para crear aplicaciones escalables del lado del servidor en Node.js. En las versiones 0.2.0 y anteriores, se descubri\u00f3 una vulnerabilidad cr\u00edtica de Ejecuci\u00f3n Remota de C\u00f3digo (RCE) en el paquete @nestjs/devtools-integration. Al habilitarse, el paquete expone un servidor HTTP de desarrollo local con un endpoint de API que utiliza un entorno de pruebas de JavaScript inseguro (implementaci\u00f3n similar a la de evaluaci\u00f3n segura). Debido a un entorno de pruebas inadecuado y a la falta de protecciones entre or\u00edgenes, cualquier sitio web malicioso visitado por un desarrollador puede ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario en su equipo local. El paquete a\u00f1ade endpoints HTTP a un servidor de desarrollo NestJS que se ejecuta localmente. Uno de estos endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, acepta una entrada JSON que contiene un campo de c\u00f3digo y ejecuta el c\u00f3digo proporcionado en un entorno de pruebas vm.runInNewContext de Node.js. Esto se solucion\u00f3 en la versi\u00f3n 0.2.1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-54782",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:40:41.643",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "ADJACENT",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 9.4,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-54782",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-08-04T15:23:27.339034Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-08-02T00:15:25.953",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Product"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Product"
      ],
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-77"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-78"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-352"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-54782 (GCVE-0-2025-54782)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 23:36 – Updated: 2025-08-04 15:23

Title

@nestjs/devtools-integration's CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers

Summary

Severity

9.4 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-04 15:23 UTC

CWE

CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisorie…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-in…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-…	x_refsource_MISC
https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html	x_refsource_MISC
https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nestjs	nest	Affected: < 0.2.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-54782",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-04T15:23:27.339034Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-04T15:23:30.116Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "nest",
          "vendor": "nestjs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.2.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "ADJACENT",
            "baseScore": 9.4,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-77",
              "description": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-78",
              "description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-352",
              "description": "CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-01T23:36:58.421Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
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          "url": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "@nestjs/devtools-integration\u0027s CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-54782",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-01T23:36:58.421Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-07-29T16:50:28.391Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-04T15:23:30.116Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.