Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-38108

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-07-03 09:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:22

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.0 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change() Gerrard Tai reported a race condition in RED, whenever SFQ perturb timer fires at the wrong time. The race is as follows: CPU 0 CPU 1 [1]: lock root [2]: qdisc_tree_flush_backlog() [3]: unlock root | | [5]: lock root | [6]: rehash | [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() | [4]: qdisc_put() This can be abused to underflow a parent's qlen. Calling qdisc_purge_queue() instead of qdisc_tree_flush_backlog() should fix the race, because all packets will be purged from the qdisc before releasing the lock.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/110a47efcf23438ff8d31dbd9c854fae2a48bf98	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2790c4ec481be45a80948d059cd7c9a06bc37493	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a71924ca4af59ffc00f0444732b6cd54b153d0e	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/444ad445df5496a785705019268a8a84b84484bb	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b755305b2b0618e857fdadb499365b5f2e478d1	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/85a3e0ede38450ea3053b8c45d28cf55208409b8	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1bf6a4e9264a685b0e642994031f9c5aad72414	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f569984417a4e12c67366e69bdcb752970de921d	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()\n\nGerrard Tai reported a race condition in RED, whenever SFQ perturb timer\nfires at the wrong time.\n\nThe race is as follows:\n\nCPU 0                                 CPU 1\n[1]: lock root\n[2]: qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\n[3]: unlock root\n |\n |                                    [5]: lock root\n |                                    [6]: rehash\n |                                    [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog()\n |\n[4]: qdisc_put()\n\nThis can be abused to underflow a parent\u0027s qlen.\n\nCalling qdisc_purge_queue() instead of qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\nshould fix the race, because all packets will be purged from the qdisc\nbefore releasing the lock."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net_sched: red: corrige una ejecuci\u00f3n en __red_change() Gerrard Tai inform\u00f3 una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n en RED, siempre que el temporizador de perturbaci\u00f3n SFQ se dispara en el momento equivocado. La carrera es la siguiente: CPU 0 CPU 1 [1]: ra\u00edz de bloqueo [2]: qdisc_tree_flush_backlog() [3]: ra\u00edz de desbloqueo | | [5]: ra\u00edz de bloqueo | [6]: rehash | [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() | [4]: qdisc_put() Esto se puede abusar para desbordar el qlen de un padre. Llamar a qdisc_purge_queue() en lugar de qdisc_tree_flush_backlog() deber\u00eda corregir la ejecuci\u00f3n, porque todos los paquetes se purgar\u00e1n del qdisc antes de liberar el bloqueo."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-38108",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:22:51.677",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
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        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
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          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.0,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
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  },
  "published": "2025-07-03T09:15:24.413",
  "references": [
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      "tags": [
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        "Third Party Advisory"
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  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-362"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-38108 (GCVE-0-2025-38108)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-03 08:35 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:59

Title

net_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

10 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2790c4ec481be45a8…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1bf6a4e9264a685b…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/110a47efcf23438ff…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f569984417a4e12c6…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a71924ca4af59ffc…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b755305b2b0618e8…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/444ad445df5496a78…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/85a3e0ede38450ea3…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5 , < 2790c4ec481be45a80948d059cd7c9a06bc37493 (git) Affected: 0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5 , < a1bf6a4e9264a685b0e642994031f9c5aad72414 (git) Affected: 0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5 , < 110a47efcf23438ff8d31dbd9c854fae2a48bf98 (git) Affected: 0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5 , < f569984417a4e12c67366e69bdcb752970de921d (git) Affected: 0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5 , < 2a71924ca4af59ffc00f0444732b6cd54b153d0e (git) Affected: 0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5 , < 4b755305b2b0618e857fdadb499365b5f2e478d1 (git) Affected: 0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5 , < 444ad445df5496a785705019268a8a84b84484bb (git) Affected: 0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5 , < 85a3e0ede38450ea3053b8c45d28cf55208409b8 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.0 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.0 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.295 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.239 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.186 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.142 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.94 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.34 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.3 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
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        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:34:11.552Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
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        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
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            "net/sched/sch_red.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.0"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.295",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.239",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.186",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.142",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.94",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.34",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.295",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.239",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.186",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.142",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.94",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34",
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                {
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                },
                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()\n\nGerrard Tai reported a race condition in RED, whenever SFQ perturb timer\nfires at the wrong time.\n\nThe race is as follows:\n\nCPU 0                                 CPU 1\n[1]: lock root\n[2]: qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\n[3]: unlock root\n |\n |                                    [5]: lock root\n |                                    [6]: rehash\n |                                    [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog()\n |\n[4]: qdisc_put()\n\nThis can be abused to underflow a parent\u0027s qlen.\n\nCalling qdisc_purge_queue() instead of qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\nshould fix the race, because all packets will be purged from the qdisc\nbefore releasing the lock."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached only through `RTM_NEWQDISC` rtnetlink messages on a local netlink socket (`tc qdisc change ... red`), plus locally-generated traffic to fill the SFQ child. No remote peer can reach `__red_change()`.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 they configure the SFQ perturb period (1s), arm the timer, fill the queue so `sfq_rehash()` drops packets, and drive the `__red_change()` loop, retrying unboundedly across many RED/SFQ hierarchies with no external precondition.\nPR:L - Only CAP_NET_ADMIN within the netns owner\u0027s user namespace is required (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922 uses `netlink_net_capable()`), which any unprivileged local user obtains via `unshare -Urn`; qdisc module autoload is not additionally gated.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 creating the qdisc hierarchy, generating the traffic, and issuing the change requests. No victim action is involved.\nS:U - The corrupted state and any resulting memory corruption are confined to the kernel of the same host; no VM, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The `qlen`/`backlog` underflow desynchronizes parent qdisc accounting from its class active lists, yielding stale/freed class objects being walked in the dequeue path \u2014 a use-after-free-grade primitive that gives an attacker control over freed slab contents and thus kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same qlen-underflow-to-UAF desync in classful parents (HTB/HFSC/DRR/QFQ/ETS) permits heap grooming over the freed class objects and corruption of adjacent kernel structures and function pointers, giving a write/control-flow primitive; the fix\u0027s own wording notes the underflow \"can be abused.\"\nA:H - A parent qdisc believing it holds ~4 billion packets triggers `WARN_ON`s, NULL dereferences in the dequeue path, and permanently wedged/inconsistent qdisc state, and any resulting use-after-free reliably panics the kernel."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:36.285Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2790c4ec481be45a80948d059cd7c9a06bc37493"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1bf6a4e9264a685b0e642994031f9c5aad72414"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/110a47efcf23438ff8d31dbd9c854fae2a48bf98"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f569984417a4e12c67366e69bdcb752970de921d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a71924ca4af59ffc00f0444732b6cd54b153d0e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b755305b2b0618e857fdadb499365b5f2e478d1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/444ad445df5496a785705019268a8a84b84484bb"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/85a3e0ede38450ea3053b8c45d28cf55208409b8"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38108",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-03T08:35:18.523Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.985Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:36.285Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.