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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nima: don\u0027t clear IMA_DIGSIG flag when setting or removing non-IMA xattr\n\nCurrently when both IMA and EVM are in fix mode, the IMA signature will\nbe reset to IMA hash if a program first stores IMA signature in\nsecurity.ima and then writes/removes some other security xattr for the\nfile.\n\nFor example, on Fedora, after booting the kernel with \"ima_appraise=fix\nevm=fix ima_policy=appraise_tcb\" and installing rpm-plugin-ima,\ninstalling/reinstalling a package will not make good reference IMA\nsignature generated. Instead IMA hash is generated,\n\n    # getfattr -m - -d -e hex /usr/bin/bash\n    # file: usr/bin/bash\n    security.ima=0x0404...\n\nThis happens because when setting security.selinux, the IMA_DIGSIG flag\nthat had been set early was cleared. As a result, IMA hash is generated\nwhen the file is closed.\n\nSimilarly, IMA signature can be cleared on file close after removing\nsecurity xattr like security.evm or setting/removing ACL.\n\nPrevent replacing the IMA file signature with a file hash, by preventing\nthe IMA_DIGSIG flag from being reset.\n\nHere\u0027s a minimal C reproducer which sets security.selinux as the last\nstep which can also replaced by removing security.evm or setting ACL,\n\n    #include \u003cstdio.h\u003e\n    #include \u003csys/xattr.h\u003e\n    #include \u003cfcntl.h\u003e\n    #include \u003cunistd.h\u003e\n    #include \u003cstring.h\u003e\n    #include \u003cstdlib.h\u003e\n\n    int main() {\n        const char* file_path = \"/usr/sbin/test_binary\";\n        const char* hex_string = \"030204d33204490066306402304\";\n        int length = strlen(hex_string);\n        char* ima_attr_value;\n        int fd;\n\n        fd = open(file_path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0644);\n        if (fd == -1) {\n            perror(\"Error opening file\");\n            return 1;\n        }\n\n        ima_attr_value = (char*)malloc(length / 2 );\n        for (int i = 0, j = 0; i \u003c length; i += 2, j++) {\n            sscanf(hex_string + i, \"%2hhx\", \u0026ima_attr_value[j]);\n        }\n\n        if (fsetxattr(fd, \"security.ima\", ima_attr_value, length/2, 0) == -1) {\n            perror(\"Error setting extended attribute\");\n            close(fd);\n            return 1;\n        }\n\n        const char* selinux_value= \"system_u:object_r:bin_t:s0\";\n        if (fsetxattr(fd, \"security.selinux\", selinux_value, strlen(selinux_value), 0) == -1) {\n            perror(\"Error setting extended attribute\");\n            close(fd);\n            return 1;\n        }\n\n        close(fd);\n\n        return 0;\n    }"
        }
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Triggering requires local syscalls against a file on the system \u2014 `setxattr`/`fsetxattr` on an EVM-protected xattr, `setfacl`, or `fremovexattr` \u2014 followed by an open/close of the target file. No network, adjacent-network, or physical path reaches the IMA appraisal hooks.\nAC:L - The commit ships a deterministic reproducer: setting any EVM-protected xattr or a POSIX ACL unconditionally clears IMA_DIGSIG every time, with no memory-layout or timing luck involved. The enforce-mode variant needs a race against `process_measurement()`\u0027s `MAY_WRITE` check, but `ima_reset_appraise_flags()` takes no `iint-\u003emutex`, and the attacker drives both sides (one thread spinning on `setxattr(\"system.posix_acl_access\")`, another on `open(O_WRONLY)`); the required IMA-appraise + EVM configuration is a shipped, supported Fedora/RHEL setup, not a rare build option.\nPR:L - `vfs_set_acl()` invokes `security_inode_set_acl()` \u2192 `ima_inode_set_acl()` \u2192 `ima_reset_appraise_flags(inode, 0)` before `set_posix_acl()` ever reaches its `inode_owner_or_capable()` check, so an unprivileged user with no capabilities and no ownership of the file clears the cached IMA_DIGSIG bit on any signed appraised binary \u2014 the syscall fails with -EPERM only after the flag is already gone. No CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed for this path, unlike the `security.ima` path guarded by `ima_protect_xattr()`.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the xattr/ACL operation and the file open/close entirely from their own process; no victim must mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action for the IMA_DIGSIG flag to be cleared and the signature to be replaced.\nS:U - The defeated control (IMA appraisal) and the affected resources (files and their security xattrs) live in the same kernel security authority; no VM, hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Clearing IMA_DIGSIG both drops the \"signed files cannot be opened for write\" enforcement at `ima_main.c:472` and lets `ima_update_xattr()` re-bless the modified content with a fresh hash plus EVM HMAC, so attacker-substituted content in an appraised executable passes appraisal and subsequently runs \u2014 typically in a privileged/service context \u2014 yielding full disclosure of data reachable by that code. This is the standard treatment of a code-integrity/signature-verification bypass; the bug itself contains no direct memory-read primitive.\nI:H - The file\u0027s IMA digital signature \u2014 the one integrity artifact a local attacker cannot forge, since it is verified against the trusted IMA keyring \u2014 is silently destroyed and replaced by a locally computed hash written through `__vfs_setxattr_noperm()`, which bypasses the `CAP_SYS_ADMIN` gate in `ima_protect_xattr()`. Combined with the lost write-block, this converts \"signed and immutable\" into \"mutable and re-blessed on close\", a complete integrity bypass of IMA appraisal for the affected file.\nA:H - Once a signature is replaced by a plain hash, any policy carrying IMA_DIGSIG_REQUIRED (`appraise_type=imasig`) rejects that file in enforce mode, so appraised binaries become permanently unexecutable \u2014 applied to system-critical files such as init, sshd, or libc consumers this denies service and can leave the system unbootable, and the corrupted xattr persists on disk until the file is re-signed out of band."
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b4cbcf6b041ae0f2fc8a34554a5b6a83a2b7cd"
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    "dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.252Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:06.378Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: SCO: Fix use-after-free in sco_recv_frame() due to missing sock_hold\n\nsco_recv_frame() reads conn-\u003esk under sco_conn_lock() but immediately\nreleases the lock without holding a reference to the socket. A concurrent\nclose() can free the socket between the lock release and the subsequent\nsk-\u003esk_state access, resulting in a use-after-free.\n\nOther functions in the same file (sco_sock_timeout(), sco_conn_del())\ncorrectly use sco_sock_hold() to safely hold a reference under the lock.\n\nFix by using sco_sock_hold() to take a reference before releasing the\nlock, and adding sock_put() on all exit paths."
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              "value": "AV:A - Incoming Bluetooth SCO/eSCO data reaches the vulnerable function through the HCI receive path, so the attacker must be within Bluetooth radio range. This is adjacent-network reachability, not IP network or physical-device access.\nAC:L - The bug is a use-after-free race between received SCO data and socket close/teardown, and an attacker can repeatedly drive SCO traffic while provoking endpoint teardown to hit the window. No rare configuration or uncontrollable memory layout condition is required beyond Bluetooth SCO support.\nPR:N - The Bluetooth peer sending SCO data needs no account or privileges on the target system, and the per-packet receive path has no capability or authentication check. Incoming acceptance depends on Bluetooth connection/listening state, not target-user privileges held by the attacker.\nUI:N - Exploitation does not require a victim user to open a file, mount anything, or perform an explicit action. Once the Bluetooth/SCO endpoint is active, packets and teardown can be driven by protocol activity.\nS:U - The vulnerability is in the kernel Bluetooth stack and impacts the same kernel security authority. It is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-scope boundary violation.\nC:H - This is a kernel use-after-free of a socket object, and subsequent code dereferences the freed sock and can pass it into receive-queue handling. Such heap UAFs can be leveraged for kernel memory disclosure, so confidentiality impact is high.\nI:H - The freed sock pointer can be used in `sock_queue_rcv_skb()`, which updates socket queues/state and can invoke socket callbacks after reuse. This is kernel memory corruption with plausible control-flow or arbitrary-write exploitation, so integrity impact is high.\nA:H - Even without full exploitation, dereferencing and operating on a freed kernel socket can cause an oops, panic, or memory corruption crash. Availability impact is therefore high."
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      "title": "Bluetooth: SCO: Fix use-after-free in sco_recv_frame() due to missing sock_hold",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31408",
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              "value": "AV:L - The flaw is reached only from KVM guest MMIO traps on GICv3 ITS registers (GITS_CTLR/CWRITER command processing) and redistributor GICR_CTLR LPI-disable writes, not from any network-facing host protocol.\nAC:L - A guest controls all racing contexts by pinning vCPUs to run concurrent ITS commands, GITS_CTLR disable, and GICR_CTLR LPI-disable on the same ITS translation cache; the attacker creates and wins the race rather than depending on uncontrollable host timing.\nPR:N - No host privileges are required beyond running code in an assigned KVM guest (e.g. a cloud VM tenant on arm64); exploitation needs guest-kernel access to GIC MMIO, not host root or capabilities in the init namespace.\nUI:N - Exploitation is fully attacker-driven from within the guest VM and does not require any victim user or administrator action on the host.\nS:C - The use-after-free corrupts host-kernel heap memory (`struct vgic_irq`) from guest-controlled VGIC operations, crossing the guest-to-host virtualization security boundary with VM-escape impact.\nC:H - Premature `vgic_put_irq()` frees the LPI `vgic_irq` while an ITE still maps it, yielding a kernel heap use-after-free that can be leveraged for arbitrary host memory disclosure via subsequent IRQ structure dereferences.\nI:H - The dangling `vgic_irq` pointer allows attacker-influenced writes through IRQ state fields (`irq_lock`, `pending_latch`, `target_vcpu`, list heads), enabling heap grooming and potential host control-flow or data corruption.\nA:H - The refcount underflow frees live kernel objects still in use by the ITS, causing host kernel oops/panic or hang during subsequent LPI delivery, MSI injection, or ITS command handling."
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