Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-78685 (GCVE-0-2026-78685)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 02:05 – Updated: 2026-08-25 02:05

Title

Le-yan｜Medical Practice Management System - Remote Code Execution

Summary

Medical Practice Management System developed by Le-yan has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commamnds via a crafted HTML page.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

8.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CWE

CWE-940 - Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel

Assigner

twcert mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11127-cda76-1.html	third-party-advisory
https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11128-8bd30-2.html	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Le-yan	Medical Practice Management System	Affected: 2.4.2.8 , ≤ 2.5.1.9 (custom)	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Medical Practice Management System",
          "vendor": "Le-yan",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2.5.1.9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.4.2.8",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMedical Practice Management System developed by Le-yan has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commamnds via a crafted HTML page.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Medical Practice Management System developed by Le-yan has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commamnds via a crafted HTML page."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.6,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-940",
              "description": "CWE-940 Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T02:05:09.515Z",
        "orgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
        "shortName": "twcert"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11127-cda76-1.html"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11128-8bd30-2.html"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eUpdate to version 2.5.2.0 or later\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Update to version 2.5.2.0 or later"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "TVN-202508007",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Le-yan\uff5cMedical Practice Management System - Remote Code Execution",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "TWCERT TVN Workbench"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
    "assignerShortName": "twcert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-78685",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-25T02:05:09.515Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-25T01:51:58.792Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T02:05:09.515Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-78685",
      "date": "2026-08-25",
      "epss": "0.00347",
      "percentile": "0.27277"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-78685\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"twcert@cert.org.tw\",\"published\":\"2026-08-25T03:16:58.740\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-25T03:16:58.740\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Medical Practice Management System developed by Le-yan has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commamnds via a crafted HTML page.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"twcert@cert.org.tw\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Le-yan\",\"product\":\"Medical Practice Management System\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2.4.2.8\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"2.5.1.9\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"twcert@cert.org.tw\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":8.6,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"ACTIVE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"twcert@cert.org.tw\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"twcert@cert.org.tw\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-940\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11128-8bd30-2.html\",\"source\":\"twcert@cert.org.tw\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11127-cda76-1.html\",\"source\":\"twcert@cert.org.tw\"}]}}"
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-78685

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-08-25 03:16 - Updated: 2026-08-25 03:16

Severity

8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

Medical Practice Management System developed by Le-yan has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commamnds via a crafted HTML page.

References

	URL	Tags
	twcert@cert.org.tw	https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11128-8bd30-2.html
	twcert@cert.org.tw	https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11127-cda76-1.html

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Medical Practice Management System",
          "vendor": "Le-yan",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2.5.1.9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.4.2.8",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "twcert@cert.org.tw"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Medical Practice Management System developed by Le-yan has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commamnds via a crafted HTML page."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-78685",
  "lastModified": "2026-08-25T03:16:58.740",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "twcert@cert.org.tw",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 8.6,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "twcert@cert.org.tw",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-08-25T03:16:58.740",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "twcert@cert.org.tw",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11128-8bd30-2.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "twcert@cert.org.tw",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11127-cda76-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "twcert@cert.org.tw",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-940"
        }
      ],
      "source": "twcert@cert.org.tw",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-79CF-7RFQ-5Q6F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 03:32 – Updated: 2026-08-25 03:32

Details

Medical Practice Management System developed by Le-yan has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commamnds via a crafted HTML page.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

8.6 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-78685"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-940"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T03:16:58Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Medical Practice Management System developed by Le-yan has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commamnds via a crafted HTML page.",
  "id": "GHSA-79cf-7rfq-5q6f",
  "modified": "2026-08-25T03:32:12Z",
  "published": "2026-08-25T03:32:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78685"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11128-8bd30-2.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11127-cda76-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-78685 (GCVE-0-2026-78685)

FKIE_CVE-2026-78685

GHSA-79CF-7RFQ-5Q6F

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature