Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-54081 (GCVE-0-2026-54081)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 15:18 – Updated: 2026-07-30 15:19

Title

veraPDF Parser DoS via PostScript Type 1 Font Programs

Summary

veraPDF PDF parser is a PDF parser for veraPDF. Prior to 1.30.2 and 1.31.23, veraPDF-parser contains a denial-of-service vulnerability in veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/type1/Type1FontProgram.java and veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSOperator.java, where a crafted Type 1 font /FontDescriptor /FontFile program can execute unbounded PostScript array allocation, a zero-increment for loop, or self-recursive toExecute user dictionary lookups and exhaust validator memory, CPU, or stack. This issue is fixed in versions 1.30.2 and 1.31.23.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-1325 - Improperly Controlled Sequential Memory Allocation

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser/pull/703	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
veraPDF	veraPDF-parser	Affected: < 1.30.2 Affected: >= 1.31.1, < 1.31.23

Show details on NVD website

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GHSA-7C26-995W-6F47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-29 15:19 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:19

Summary

veraPDF Parser DoS via PostScript Type 1 Font Programs

Details

Summary

Description

A PostScript-interpreter-driven Denial of Service (CWE-1325) vulnerability in veraPDF allows a remote attacker to exhaust validator memory or CPU by submitting a PDF whose Type 1 font /FontFile is a font program containing attacker-supplied PostScript. veraPDF's Type 1 font program parser dispatches every cleartext token through a hardcoded operator allow-list whose members include the unbounded array N allocation operator and the for control operator with no zero-increment guard. This affects all current versions of veraPDF-parser.

Details

The vulnerability resides in veraPDF-parser. Type 1 font program streams referenced from any Type 1 font's /FontDescriptor /FontFile are parsed by Type1FontProgram (veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/type1/Type1FontProgram.java), which extends PSParser. parseFont reads cleartext PostScript tokens until it encounters eexec (which switches into the encrypted private dictionary parser) or end-of-stream. Each non-eexec token is dispatched via toExecute, which gates execution behind a hardcoded allow-list.

The allow-list explicitly admits both ARRAY (Type1FontProgram.java:98) and FOR (Type1FontProgram.java:100). When either keyword passes the gate, operator.execute delegates straight into the generic PSOperator implementation (org.verapdf.parser.postscript.PSOperator, methods array() at PSOperator.java:536-547 and opFor() at PSOperator.java:571-592), which apply no validation:

array N calls COSArray.construct(N) followed by new ArrayList<>(N) (COSArray.java:102), so the underlying Object[] is allocated up-front. Passing 2147483647 (Integer.MAX_VALUE) requests a 16 GB backing array on a 64-bit JVM.
for runs for (long i = initial; i <= limit; i += increment) with no validation of increment. With increment == 0, the loop never exits.

In addition to the two shared primitives, toExecute introduces a third primitive specific to this code path: when an unknown operator is encountered, it looks the name up in userDict and recursively re-executes the value. There is no visited-set, no recursion-depth cap, and no detection of a cycle. A Type 1 font program that defines a name to itself, such as /loop { loop } def loop, recurses indefinitely on the JVM stack and throws StackOverflowError after ~16,000 frames.

The interpreter is reachable on every Type 1 font validation. GFPDType1Font's constructor unconditionally calls program.parseFont().

Type1FontProgram.parseFont only catches PostScriptException and rewraps it as IOException; it does not catch OutOfMemoryError, StackOverflowError, or wall-clock budget, so any of the three failure modes propagates out of font model construction and aborts the validation worker.

A single payload byte sequence is sufficient. The conventional %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 header line is treated as a comment and skipped; the parser then begins consuming PostScript tokens, the very first for invocation enters the infinite loop, and the parser never reaches the eexec boundary that would normally end the cleartext section.

Impact

This impacts all current releases of the veraPDF-parser. Successful exploitation requires only that the target validate an attacker-supplied PDF; a single Type 1 font with a malicious /FontFile stream is sufficient.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

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  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.30.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.verapdf:parser"
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      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.30.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.31.22"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.verapdf:parser"
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              "fixed": "1.31.23"
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          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
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  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54081"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1325"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-29T15:19:04Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n**Description**\n\nA PostScript-interpreter-driven Denial of Service (CWE-1325) vulnerability in veraPDF allows a remote attacker to exhaust validator memory or CPU by submitting a PDF whose Type 1 font `/FontFile` is a font program containing attacker-supplied PostScript. veraPDF\u0027s Type 1 font program parser dispatches every cleartext token through a hardcoded operator allow-list whose members include the unbounded `array N` allocation operator and the `for` control operator with no zero-increment guard. This affects all current versions of veraPDF-parser.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerability resides in veraPDF-parser. Type 1 font program streams referenced from any Type 1 font\u0027s `/FontDescriptor /FontFile` are parsed by `Type1FontProgram` (veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/type1/Type1FontProgram.java), which extends `PSParser`. `parseFont` reads cleartext PostScript tokens until it encounters `eexec` (which switches into the encrypted private dictionary parser) or end-of-stream. Each non-`eexec` token is dispatched via `toExecute`, which gates execution behind a hardcoded allow-list.\n\nThe allow-list explicitly admits both `ARRAY` (Type1FontProgram.java:98) and `FOR` (Type1FontProgram.java:100). When either keyword passes the gate, `operator.execute` delegates straight into the generic `PSOperator` implementation (`org.verapdf.parser.postscript.PSOperator`, methods `array()` at PSOperator.java:536-547 and `opFor()` at PSOperator.java:571-592), which apply no validation:\n\n1. `array N` calls `COSArray.construct(N)` followed by `new ArrayList\u003c\u003e(N)` (COSArray.java:102), so the underlying `Object[]` is allocated up-front. Passing `2147483647` (`Integer.MAX_VALUE`) requests a 16 GB backing array on a 64-bit JVM.\n2. `for` runs `for (long i = initial; i \u003c= limit; i += increment)` with no validation of `increment`. With `increment == 0`, the loop never exits.\n\nIn addition to the two shared primitives, `toExecute` introduces a third primitive specific to this code path: when an unknown operator is encountered, it looks the name up in `userDict` and recursively re-executes the value. There is no visited-set, no recursion-depth cap, and no detection of a cycle. A Type 1 font program that defines a name to itself, such as `/loop { loop } def loop`, recurses indefinitely on the JVM stack and throws `StackOverflowError` after ~16,000 frames.\n\nThe interpreter is reachable on every Type 1 font validation. `GFPDType1Font`\u0027s constructor unconditionally calls `program.parseFont()`.\n\n`Type1FontProgram.parseFont` only catches `PostScriptException` and rewraps it as `IOException`; it does not catch `OutOfMemoryError`, `StackOverflowError`, or wall-clock budget, so any of the three failure modes propagates out of font model construction and aborts the validation worker.\n\nA single payload byte sequence is sufficient. The conventional `%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0` header line is treated as a comment and skipped; the parser then begins consuming PostScript tokens, the very first `for` invocation enters the infinite loop, and the parser never reaches the `eexec` boundary that would normally end the cleartext section.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis impacts all current releases of the veraPDF-parser. Successful exploitation requires only that the target validate an attacker-supplied PDF; a single Type 1 font with a malicious `/FontFile` stream is sufficient.",
  "id": "GHSA-7c26-995w-6f47",
  "modified": "2026-07-29T15:19:04Z",
  "published": "2026-07-29T15:19:04Z",
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      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser"
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  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
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      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "veraPDF Parser DoS via PostScript Type 1 Font Programs"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-54081 (GCVE-0-2026-54081)

GHSA-7C26-995W-6F47

Summary

Details

Impact

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature