CVE-2026-43968 (GCVE-0-2026-43968)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 18:06 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:11
VLAI
Title
CR Injection in SSE Encoder Enables Event Splitting via cow_sse:event/1
Summary
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows SSE event splitting and injection via unvalidated field values. cow_sse:event/1 in cowlib guards the id and event fields against \n but not against bare \r, and the internal prefix_lines/2 function used for data and comment fields splits only on \n. Because the SSE specification requires decoders to treat \r\n, \r, and \n as equivalent line terminators, an attacker who controls any of these fields can inject additional SSE lines and forge a complete event with an arbitrary event type and data payload on the receiving end. In typical deployments where browser EventSource clients or other SSE consumers dispatch on event.type and render event.data, this enables event splitting, client-side logic manipulation, and stored-XSS-equivalent behaviour when event data is inserted into the DOM. This issue affects cowlib from 2.6.0 before 2.16.1.
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Assigner
EEF
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ninenines cowlib Affected: 2.6.0 , < 2.16.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ninenines:cowlib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
ninenines cowlib Affected: 93b2b897cde238506c803faad4d1602d79dba7c9 , < 6165fc40efa159ba1cceee7e7981e790acba5d9c (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:ninenines:cowlib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Peter Ullrich Loïc Hoguin
Show details on NVD website

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Alternatively, ensure that all SSE field values are derived exclusively from trusted, application-controlled data rather than user input.\u003c/p\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"cvelib 1.8.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (\u0027CRLF Injection\u0027) vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows SSE event splitting and injection via unvalidated field values.\\n\\ncow_sse:event/1 in cowlib guards the id and event fields against \\\\n but not against bare \\\\r, and the internal prefix_lines/2 function used for data and comment fields splits only on \\\\n. Because the SSE specification requires decoders to treat \\\\r\\\\n, \\\\r, and \\\\n as equivalent line terminators, an attacker who controls any of these fields can inject additional SSE lines and forge a complete event with an arbitrary event type and data payload on the receiving end. In typical deployments where browser EventSource clients or other SSE consumers dispatch on event.type and render event.data, this enables event splitting, client-side logic manipulation, and stored-XSS-equivalent behaviour when event data is inserted into the DOM.\\n\\nThis issue affects cowlib from 2.6.0.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cp\u003eImproper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (\u0027CRLF Injection\u0027) vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows SSE event splitting and injection via unvalidated field values.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003ecow_sse:event/1\u003c/tt\u003e in cowlib guards the \u003ctt\u003eid\u003c/tt\u003e and \u003ctt\u003eevent\u003c/tt\u003e fields against \u003ctt\u003e\\\\n\u003c/tt\u003e but not against bare \u003ctt\u003e\\\\r\u003c/tt\u003e, and the internal \u003ctt\u003eprefix_lines/2\u003c/tt\u003e function used for \u003ctt\u003edata\u003c/tt\u003e and \u003ctt\u003ecomment\u003c/tt\u003e fields splits only on \u003ctt\u003e\\\\n\u003c/tt\u003e. Because the SSE specification requires decoders to treat \u003ctt\u003e\\\\r\\\\n\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003e\\\\r\u003c/tt\u003e, and \u003ctt\u003e\\\\n\u003c/tt\u003e as equivalent line terminators, an attacker who controls any of these fields can inject additional SSE lines and forge a complete event with an arbitrary event type and data payload on the receiving end. In typical deployments where browser \u003ctt\u003eEventSource\u003c/tt\u003e clients or other SSE consumers dispatch on \u003ctt\u003eevent.type\u003c/tt\u003e and render \u003ctt\u003eevent.data\u003c/tt\u003e, this enables event splitting, client-side logic manipulation, and stored-XSS-equivalent behaviour when event data is inserted into the DOM.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects cowlib from 2.6.0.\u003c/p\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-93\", \"description\": \"CWE-93 Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (\u0027CRLF Injection\u0027)\"}]}], \"configurations\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The application must pass user-controlled data as the id, event, data, or comment field to cow_sse:event/1 (or a higher-level wrapper such as cowboy_req:stream_events/3). Applications that construct SSE events exclusively from trusted, application-controlled values are not affected.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cp\u003eThe application must pass user-controlled data as the \u003ctt\u003eid\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003eevent\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003edata\u003c/tt\u003e, or \u003ctt\u003ecomment\u003c/tt\u003e field to \u003ctt\u003ecow_sse:event/1\u003c/tt\u003e (or a higher-level wrapper such as \u003ctt\u003ecowboy_req:stream_events/3\u003c/tt\u003e). Applications that construct SSE events exclusively from trusted, application-controlled values are not affected.\u003c/p\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:ninenines:cowlib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.0\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\", \"shortName\": \"EEF\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-12T04:26:41.082Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-43968\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-12T04:26:41.082Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-05-04T18:23:25.573Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-05-11T18:06:42.881Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"EEF\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

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