CVE-2026-27830 (GCVE-0-2026-27830)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-26 00:45 – Updated: 2026-09-15 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
c3p0 vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via unsafe deserialization of userOverridesAsString property
Summary
c3p0, a JDBC Connection pooling library, is vulnerable to attack via maliciously crafted Java-serialized objects and `javax.naming.Reference` instances. Several c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` implementations have a property called `userOverridesAsString` which conceptually represents a `Map<String,Map<String,String>>`. Prior to v0.12.0, that property was maintained as a hex-encoded serialized object. Any attacker able to reset this property, on an existing `ConnectionPoolDataSource` or via maliciously crafted serialized objects or `javax.naming.Reference` instances could be tailored execute unexpected code on the application's `CLASSPATH`. The danger of this vulnerability was strongly magnified by vulnerabilities in c3p0's main dependency, mchange-commons-java. This library includes code that mirrors early implementations of JNDI functionality, including ungated support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values. Attackers could set c3p0's `userOverridesAsString` hex-encoded serialized objects that include objects "indirectly serialized" via JNDI references. Deserialization of those objects and dereferencing of the embedded `javax.naming.Reference` objects could provoke download and execution of malicious code from a remote `factoryClassLocation`. Although hazard presented by c3p0's vulnerabilites are exarcerbated by vulnerabilities in mchange-commons-java, use of Java-serialized-object hex as the format for a writable Java-Bean property, of objects that may be exposed across JNDI interfaces, represents a serious independent fragility. The `userOverridesAsString` property of c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` classes has been reimplemented to use a safe CSV-based format, rather than rely upon potentially dangerous Java object deserialization. c3p0-0.12.0+ and above depend upon mchange-commons-java 0.4.0+, which gates support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values by configuration parameters that default to restrictive values. c3p0 additionally enforces the new mchange-commons-java `com.mchange.v2.naming.nameGuardClassName` to prevent injection of unexpected, potentially remote JNDI names. There is no supported workaround for versions of c3p0 prior to 0.12.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-02 03:55 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
14 references
Impacted products
18 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| swaldman | c3p0 |
Affected:
< 0.12.0
|
guessed | |
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4.14.4 for Spring Boot 3.5.11 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_spring_boot:4.14
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Debezium 3.2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:debezium:3
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:6.6.48-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el8 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:6.6.48-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.6.6-1.el9sat , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6.18::el9 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_hawtio:4
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Debezium 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:debezium:2
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Debezium 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:debezium:3
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6
|
||
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:2
|
||
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:3
|
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"value": "c3p0, a JDBC Connection pooling library, is vulnerable to attack via maliciously crafted Java-serialized objects and `javax.naming.Reference` instances. Several c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` implementations have a property called `userOverridesAsString` which conceptually represents a `Map\u003cString,Map\u003cString,String\u003e\u003e`. Prior to v0.12.0, that property was maintained as a hex-encoded serialized object. Any attacker able to reset this property, on an existing `ConnectionPoolDataSource` or via maliciously crafted serialized objects or `javax.naming.Reference` instances could be tailored execute unexpected code on the application\u0027s `CLASSPATH`. The danger of this vulnerability was strongly magnified by vulnerabilities in c3p0\u0027s main dependency, mchange-commons-java. This library includes code that mirrors early implementations of JNDI functionality, including ungated support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values. Attackers could set c3p0\u0027s `userOverridesAsString` hex-encoded serialized objects that include objects \"indirectly serialized\" via JNDI references. Deserialization of those objects and dereferencing of the embedded `javax.naming.Reference` objects could provoke download and execution of malicious code from a remote `factoryClassLocation`. Although hazard presented by c3p0\u0027s vulnerabilites are exarcerbated by vulnerabilities in mchange-commons-java, use of Java-serialized-object hex as the format for a writable Java-Bean property, of objects that may be exposed across JNDI interfaces, represents a serious independent fragility. The `userOverridesAsString` property of c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` classes has been reimplemented to use a safe CSV-based format, rather than rely upon potentially dangerous Java object deserialization. c3p0-0.12.0+ and above depend upon mchange-commons-java 0.4.0+, which gates support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values by configuration parameters that default to restrictive values. c3p0 additionally enforces the new mchange-commons-java `com.mchange.v2.naming.nameGuardClassName` to prevent injection of unexpected, potentially remote JNDI names. There is no supported workaround for versions of c3p0 prior to 0.12.0."
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"lang": "es",
"value": "c3p0, una biblioteca de pooling de conexiones JDBC, es vulnerable al ataque a trav\u00e9s de objetos serializados en Java creados maliciosamente e instancias de `javax.naming.Reference`. Varias implementaciones de `ConnectionPoolDataSource` de c3p0 tienen una propiedad llamada `userOverridesAsString` que representa conceptualmente un `Map\u0026gt;`. Antes de la v0.12.0, esa propiedad se manten\u00eda como un objeto serializado codificado en hexadecimal. Cualquier atacante capaz de restablecer esta propiedad, en un `ConnectionPoolDataSource` existente o a trav\u00e9s de objetos serializados creados maliciosamente o instancias de `javax.naming.Reference`, podr\u00eda ser manipulado para ejecutar c\u00f3digo inesperado en el `CLASSPATH` de la aplicaci\u00f3n. El peligro de esta vulnerabilidad fue fuertemente magnificado por vulnerabilidades en la dependencia principal de c3p0, mchange-commons-java. Esta biblioteca incluye c\u00f3digo que refleja implementaciones tempranas de la funcionalidad JNDI, incluyendo soporte sin restricciones para valores remotos de `factoryClassLocation`. Los atacantes podr\u00edan establecer objetos serializados codificados en hexadecimal de `userOverridesAsString` de c3p0 que incluyen objetos \u0027serializados indirectamente\u0027 a trav\u00e9s de referencias JNDI. La deserializaci\u00f3n de esos objetos y la desreferenciaci\u00f3n de los objetos `javax.naming.Reference` incrustados podr\u00edan provocar la descarga y ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo malicioso desde un `factoryClassLocation` remoto. Aunque el peligro presentado por las vulnerabilidades de c3p0 se ve exacerbado por las vulnerabilidades en mchange-commons-java, el uso de hexadecimal de objetos serializados en Java como formato para una propiedad Java-Bean escribible, de objetos que pueden ser expuestos a trav\u00e9s de interfaces JNDI, representa una grave fragilidad independiente. La propiedad `userOverridesAsString` de las clases `ConnectionPoolDataSource` de c3p0 ha sido reimplementada para usar un formato seguro basado en CSV, en lugar de depender de la deserializaci\u00f3n de objetos Java potencialmente peligrosa. c3p0-0.12.0+ y versiones superiores dependen de mchange-commons-java 0.4.0+, que restringe el soporte para valores remotos de `factoryClassLocation` mediante par\u00e1metros de configuraci\u00f3n que por defecto son valores restrictivos. c3p0 adicionalmente impone el nuevo `com.mchange.v2.naming.nameGuardClassName` de mchange-commons-java para prevenir la inyecci\u00f3n de nombres JNDI inesperados, potencialmente remotos. No hay soluci\u00f3n alternativa soportada para versiones de c3p0 anteriores a la 0.12.0."
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"name": "https://github.com/swaldman/c3p0/commit/e14cbd8166e423e2e9a9d6f08b2add3433492d6e",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/swaldman/c3p0/commit/e14cbd8166e423e2e9a9d6f08b2add3433492d6e"
},
{
"name": "https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal"
},
{
"name": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security"
},
{
"name": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-5476-xc4j-rqcv",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "c3p0 vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via unsafe deserialization of userOverridesAsString property"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-27830",
"datePublished": "2026-02-26T00:45:18.222Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-02-24T02:32:39.800Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T12:04:22.713Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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